• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.231-231
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• 2015

Rapid development in the upper reaches of the Mekong River, in the form of construction of large hydropower dams and reservoirs, large irrigation schemes, and rapid urban development, is putting water resources under stress. Many scientific reports have pointed out that cascade dams along the Mekong River lead to serious problems: not only hydrologically but also a decline of agricultural productivity due to a decrease of sediment supply in the Mekong Delta and a change of fish amount due to drastic change of the water environment. Cambodia and Vietnam, located in the lowest Mekong basin, are gravely affected by radical changes of hydrologic regime due to Mekong River developments. In particular, the Tonle Sap Lake in Cambodia is very sensitive to the flood cycle and flow variation of the Mekong River as well as inflow water quality from the Mekong River. More than 50% of Cambodian GDP depends on the primary industries such as agriculture, fishing, and forestry, and the Tonle Sap Lake plays an important role to support the national economy in Cambodia. In addition, Cambodian people usually take nourishment from the fish of Tonle Sap Lake. This research aims to assess the impacts of the Mekong river flow alternation on the hydrologic regime of the Mekong River - Tonle Sap Lake. We carried out rainfall-runoff-inundation simulation using CAESER-LISFLOOD for integrated water resource management in the Tonle Sap Basin and then analyze flood inundation variation of the Tonle Sap Lake due to the scenarios. Furthermore, the simulated inundation maps were compared to MODIS satellite images for model verification and hydrologic prediction.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.37 no.7
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• pp.589-598
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• 2004

From the continuous long-term rainfall-runoff standpoint, the urbanization within a watershed causes land use change due to the increase in impervious areas, the addition of manmade structures, and the changes in river environment. Therefore, rainfall-runoff characteristics changes drastically after the urbanization. Due to these reasons, there exists the demand for rainfall-runoff simulation model that can quantitatively evaluate the components of hydrologic cycle including surface runoff, river flow, and groundwater by considering urban watershed characteristics as well as natural runoff characteristics. In this study, continuous long-term rainfall-runoff simulation model SWAT-SWMM is developed by coupling semi-distributed continuous long-term rainfall-runoff simulation model SWAT with RUNOFF block of SWMM, which is frequently used in the runoff analysis of urban areas in order to consider urban watershed as well as natural watershed. The coupling of SWAT and SWMM is described with emphasis on the coupling scheme, model limitations, and the schematics of coupled model.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2022

An automatic optimization technique is used to estimate the optimal parameters of the hydrologic model, and different hydrologic response results can be provided depending on objective functions. In this study, the parameters of the event-based rainfall-runoff model were estimated using various objective functions, the reproducibility of the hydrograph according to the objective functions was evaluated, and appropriate objective functions were proposed. As the rainfall-runoff model, the storage function model(SFM), which is a lumped hydrologic model used for runoff simulation in the current Korean flood forecasting system, was selected. In order to evaluate the reproducibility of the hydrograph for each objective function, 9 rainfall events were selected for the Cheoncheon basin, which is the upstream basin of Yongdam Dam, and widely-used 7 objective functions were selected for parameter estimation of the SFM for each rainfall event. Then, the reproducibility of the simulated hydrograph using the optimal parameter sets based on the different objective functions was analyzed. As a result, RMSE, NSE, and RSR, which include the error square term in the objective function, showed the highest accuracy for all rainfall events except for Event 7. In addition, in the case of PBIAS and VE, which include an error term compared to the observed flow, it also showed relatively stable reproducibility of the hydrograph. However, in the case of MIA, which adjusts parameters sensitive to high flow and low flow simultaneously, the hydrograph reproducibility performance was found to be very low.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.503-514
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• 2018

In recent, the hydrological regime of the Mekong river is changing drastically due to climate change and haphazard watershed development including dam construction. Information of hydrologic feature like streamflow of the Mekong river are required for water disaster prevention and sustainable water resources development in the river sharing countries. In this study, runoff simulations at the Kratie station of the lower Mekong river are performed using SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool), a physics-based hydrologic model, and LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory), a data-driven deep learning algorithm. The SWAT model was set up based on globally-available database (topography: HydroSHED, landuse: GLCF-MODIS, soil: FAO-Soil map, rainfall: APHRODITE, etc) and then simulated daily discharge from 2003 to 2007. The LSTM was built using deep learning open-source library TensorFlow and the deep-layer neural networks of the LSTM were trained based merely on daily water level data of 10 upper stations of the Kratie during two periods: 2000~2002 and 2008~2014. Then, LSTM simulated daily discharge for 2003~2007 as in SWAT model. The simulation results show that Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) of each model were calculated at 0.9(SWAT) and 0.99(LSTM), respectively. In order to simply simulate hydrological time series of ungauged large watersheds, data-driven model like the LSTM method is more applicable than the physics-based hydrological model having complexity due to various database pressure because it is able to memorize the preceding time series sequences and reflect them to prediction.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.41-54
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• 2015

시간-면적 기법을 이용해 유역의 수문과정을 묘사하는 분산형 (distributed) 연속 (continuous) 강우유출모형인 HYSTAR의 거동특성과 주요 매개변수에 대한 민감도를 분석하였다. 유역의 수문조건에 따른 모형거동의 변화를 분석하기 위해 연속되는 4개의 개별 강우사상에 대한 민감도를 조사하고 비교하였다. 또한, 매개변수의 상호작용이 민감도 분석결과에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위해 두 가지 서로 다른 기법 (one-factor-at-a-time 과 all-factor-at-a-time 방법)을 이용하여 산정된 민감도를 비교하였다. 분석결과, 모형의 직접유출량, 첨두유량 및 도달시간 모의결과는 유출곡선번호 (curve number)에 가장 민감하게 반응하는 것으로 나타났으며, 토양의 깊이, van Genuchten 식의 매개변수, 작물계수에 큰 영향을 받았다. 한편, 모의된 기저유출량은 토양의 깊이를 비롯하여 van Genuchten 식의 매개변수, 작물계수 (crop coefficient), 이방성계수 (anisotropic coefficient), 유출곡선번호의 변화에 민감하였다. 매개변수에 대한 민감도는 분석에 이용된 강우사상에 따라 다르게 나타났으며, 유역의 토양수분조건에 따라 다르게 거동하는 모형의 중요한 특성을 잘 반영하였다. 두 가지 서로 다른 기법을 이용한 민감도 분석결과는 모의된 직접유출량 및 기저유출량의 변화가 매개변수의 상호작용에 의해 제한될 수 있음을 보여 주었다. 본 연구는 HYSTAR 모형의 매개변수에 대한 민감도 분석을 통해서 해당 모형의 거동을 정량적으로 보여주었고, 이를 통해 모형의 건전성 (soundness)을 입증할 수 있는 하나의 근거를 제시하였다. 본 연구결과는 향후 HYSTAR 모형을 이용한 수문분석 시 보정을 위한 매개변수 선정에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 또한, 본 연구결과에서 나타난 민감도의 수문조건 (또는 선정된 강우사상)에 대한 의존성은 연속유출 모형의 민감도 분석을 위한 강우 사상 선정 및 민감도 분석결과의 해석에 유용한 정보를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.351-362
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• 2009

The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model, semi-distributed model, first divides the watershed into multiple subwatersheds, and then extracts the basic computation element, called the Hydrologic Response Unit (HRU). In the process of HRU generation, the spatial information of land use and soil maps within each subwatershed is lost. The SWAT model estimates the HRU topographic data based on the average slope of each subwatershed, and then use this topographic datum for all HRUs within the subwatershed. To improve the SWAT capabilities for various watershed scenarios, the Spatially Distributed-HRU (SD-HRU) pre-processor module was developed in this study to simulate site-specific topographic data. The SD-HRU was applied to the Hae-an watershed, where field slope lengths and slopes are measured for all agricultural fields. The analysis revealed that the SD-HRU pre-processor module needs to be applied in SWAT sediment simulation for accurate analysis of soil erosion and sediment behaviors. If the SD-HRU pre-processor module is not applied in SWAT runs, the other SWAT factors may be over or under estimated, resulting in errors in physical and empirical computation modules although the SWAT estimated flow and sediment values match the measured data reasonably well.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.32 no.9
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• pp.830-839
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• 2010

This study presents a constituent load estimating procedure that can be operated with the present Korean TMDL monitoring system. The modified TANK model is used as a daily river flow simulation model whose parameters are estimated from 8-day intervals flow data. Constituent loads are estimated with the 7-parameter log linear model whose parameters are estimated by the minimum variance unbiased estimator. Results from Nakdong river basin reveals that the proposed procedure provides satisfactory TOC and BOD load estimates. As an application, a representative load duration curve is derived for working out a way to represent the overall hydrologic flux of BOD, COD and TOC at Nakdong river basin. The present water quality can be checked stochastically by Load Duration Curve through this study and presented visually.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.289-292
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• 2002

In this study, a topography based hydrologic model (TOPMODEL) was tested on the Anseong-cheon watershed. Pit in watershed was removed by liner trend surface interpolator. The DTM Analysis program is used to derived a distribution of ln($a/tan{\beta}$) values from DEM (Digital Elevation Model) using the MDF (Multiple Direction Flow) algorithm of Quinn et al (1995). Current TOPMODEL program limits are number of time step, ln($a/tan{\beta}$) increment, delay histogram ordinate and size of subcatchment pixel maps. Therefore, TOPMODEL is not suitable for application of large watershed. Muskingum method and watershed division enhance grid pixel resolution for rainfall-runoff simulation accuracy.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.314-318
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• 2001

The analysis of the spatial extent of flood inundation is important for flood mitigation. Geographic Information System (GIS) has advantage of analyzing spatial distributed data. Hydrologic Engineering Center's River Analsysis System(HEC-RAS) with HEC-GeoRAS was used to analyze flood inundation. HEC-GeoRAS, which is an ArcView GIS extension designed to process geospatial data for HEC-RAS, is a useful tool for storing, managing, analyzing, and displaying spatially distributed data. Rational formula and 24-hr duration probability precipitation data of Suwon meteorological station were used to estimate the flood runoff. And water profiles were calculated using the HEC-RAS model with HEC-GeoRAS. The flooded region is 8.24ha when 50-yr probability precipitation was applied and 8.8ha when 100-yr was applied to Bahlan study watershed which is located in Whasung county, Kyunggi province, having an area of $29.79km^{2}$.

• Water Engineering Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.31-43
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• 2003

The impacts of climate change on soil moisture in sub - Arctic watershed simulated by using the hydrologic model. A range of arbitrary changes in temperature and precipitation are applied to the runoff model to study the sensitivity of soil moisture due to potential changes in precipitation and temperature. The sensitivity analysis indicates that changes in precipitation are always amplified in soil moisture with the amplification factor for flow. The change in precipitation has effect on the soil moisture in the catchment. The percentage change in soil moisture levels can be greater than the percentage change in precipitation. Compared to precipitation, temperature increases or decreases alone have impacts on the soil moisture. These results show the potential for climate change to bring about soil moisture that may require a significant planning response. They are also indicative of the fact that hydrological impacts affecting water supply may be important in consider-ing the cost and benefits of potential climate change.