• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.85-91
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• 2015

As the interest in hydrogen energy is being increased, it is a widely issue to develop a lot of hydrogen technologies in the field of production, storage, transportation, application and others. In the aftermath, there is a hydrogen town in Ul San, which is expected to expand application fields of hydrogen energy, as a demonstration project. The hydrogen town in Ul San can consist of high and low pressure part by the gas pressure. The high pressure part is managed by 'the high pressure gas safety control act'. And, low pressure part is managed by 'the guideline for the safety management of demonstration project of hydrogen town'. In this paper, to improve efficiency of safety management, the direction of safety management is reviewed by an analysis of low pressure hydrogen facility and safety management items. And then, some improvement directions are suggested. In the end, it is expected that the results of this study could help to activate construction of hydrogen town and improve efficiency of safety management as well.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.297-306
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• 2023

The frequency of fatal accidents that can occur at hydrogen refueling station was compared with the risk criterion for the general public suggested by the health and safety executive. If hydrogen refueling station meets the accident prevention facility standards presented in KGS Code FP216/217, it was confirmed that the risk of hydrogen refueling station was not at an unacceptable (intolerable) risk level. However, the risk of hydrogen refueling station due to small leak was analyzed as low as reasonably practicable. Therefore, methods for improving the safety instrumented function of hydrogen refueling station were reviewed. It was confirmed that the risk of hydrogen refueling station can be affected by the number of installed safety instrumentation system components, redundant architecture, mission time, proof test interval, etc. And methods for maintaining the risk of hydrogen refueling station at an acceptable risk level have been proposed.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.728-733
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• 2023

Efforts are continuing to change from fossil fuels used to hydrogen energy society. In order to become a hydrogen society, stable production and real-life applicability are important. As a result, hydrogen generation system linked to fuel cell are being developed. Through this, it is expected that production to power generation will be possible where desired by utilizing the existing urban gas piping network. Hydrogen generation system and hydrogen fuel cell have been subjected to risk assessment and have already been commercialized, but no risk assessment has been conducted on the integrated system linking them. Therefore, it is intended to secure its safety by conducting a risk analysis on the integrated system.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.98-105
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• 2021

Currently, the government's announcement of the Korean version of the New Deal Comprehensive Plan ('20.7.14), expanding the supply of hydrogen production and charging facilities, and major companies are rapidly building related facilities such as liquefied hydrogen plants and charging stations. However, safety standards for production, storage facilities, transportation, and utilization of liquefied hydrogen value chains in Korea are insufficient, and safety technologies and safety standards over the entire period of liquefied hydrogen are urgently needed. Accordingly, the Korea Gas Safety Corporation is trying to realize a safe hydrogen economy in Korea by enacting safety standards over the entire period, including liquefied hydrogen plants

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.161-172
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• 2014

Hydrogen, which can be produced from abundant and widely distributed renewable energy resources, seems to be a promising candidate for solving the concerns for improving energy security, urban air pollution, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The two primary motivating factors for hydrogen economy are fossil fuel supply limitations and concerns about global warming. But the safety issues associated with hydrogen economy need to be investigated and fully understood before being considered as a future energy source. Limited operating experience with hydrogen energy systems in consumer environments is recognised as a significant barrier to the implementation of hydrogen economy. To prevent unnecessary restrictions on emerging codes, standards and local regulations, safety policies based on real hazards should be developed. This article studies briefly the direct impact-distances from hazard events such as hydrogen release and jet fire, and damage levels from hydrogen gas explosion in a confined space. Based on the direct impact-distances indicated in the accident scenarios and consumer environments in Korea, the safety policies, which are related to hydrogen filling station, hydrogen fuel cell car, portable fuel cell, domestic fuel cells, and hydrogen town, are suggested to implement hydrogen economy. To apply the safety policies and overcome the disadvantages of prescriptive risk management, which is setting guidance in great detail to management well known risk but is not covering unidentified risk, hybrid risk management model is also proposed.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.642-648
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• 2017

The use of fossil is causing enviromental all over the world. So hydrogen energy is attracting attention as one of the alternative. The government announced that 30% of the air pollution is because of the Internal Combustion Engine Vehicle. In addition, they plans to reduce Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles by 2030 and increase (electric vehicles, EV) or (fuel cell vehicle, FCV). The FCV is evaluated as a next-generation green car because it has a long driving distance and short charging time. However, the hydrogen industry is not able to expand due to the lack of refueling infrastrucutre. This paper predicts the site of hydrogen refueling stations for the expansion of the hydrogen industry and proposes a method to supply hydrogen multi energy filling stations.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.61-66
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• 2022

In order to introduce the hydrogen economy and increase supply, research in the field of hydrogen production is being actively conducted. Among the hydrogen production methods, the method of steam reforming from natural gas and producing it currently accounts for about 50% of the global hydrogen production. In the method of steam reforming process, hydrogen can be produced by adding a reformer to an existing natural gas supply pipe. Because of these advantages, it is evaluated as a realistic production method at present in Korea, where the city gas supply chain is well established. But there is concern in that it is highly likely to be installed in downtown areas and residential spaces. In this study, the risk of the process of steam reforming to produce hydrogen was reviewed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.1-6
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• 2021

Hydrogen is considered a cleaner energy source than fossil fuels. As a result, the use of hydrogen in daily life and economic industries is expected to increase. However, the use of hydrogen energy is currently limited because of safety issues. The rate of combustion of the hydrogen mixture is about seven times higher than that of hydrocarbon fuels. The hydrogen mixture is highly flammable and has a low minimum ignition energy. Therefore, it presents considerable risks for fire and explosions in all areas of hydrogen manufacturing, transportation, storage, and use. In this study, the auto-ignition characteristics of hydrogen were investigated numerically for diluted hydrogen mixtures. Auto-ignition temperature, a critical property predicting the fire and explosion risk in hydrogen combustion, was determined in well-stirred reactors. When N₂ and CO₂ were used to dilute the hydrogen/air mixture, the ignition delay time increased with increasing dilution ratios in both cases. The CO₂-diluted mixtures exhibited a longer ignition delay than the N₂-diluted mixtures. We also confirmed that lower initial ignition temperatures increased the ignition delay times at 950 K and above. Overall, the auto-ignition characteristics, such as the concentrations of participating species and ignition delay times, were primarily affected by the initial temperature of the mixture.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.74-80
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• 2019

Hydrogen refueling stations that use compressed hydrogen at high pressure provide safety distances between facilities in order to ensure safety. Most accidents occurring in hydrogen stations are accidental leaks. When a leak occurs, various types of ignition sources generate a jet flame. Therefore, the analysis of leaked gas diffusion and jet flame due to high pressure hydrogen leakage is one of the most important factor for setting the safety distance. In this study, the leakage accidents that occur in the hydrogen refueling station operated in high pressure environment are simulated for various leakage source sizes. The results of this study will be used as a reference for the future safety standards.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.116-122
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• 2023

In addition to analyzing the hydrogen economy trends of the international community (Korea, the United States, Europe, Japan, etc.), which is being promoted to realize a carbon-neutral society, this study compared and analyzed the differences between the gaseous hydrogen refueling station, which is a key hydrogen-using facility close to the people, and a liquefied hydrogen refueling station that is scheduled to be built in the future. In addition, SAFETI, a quantitative risk assessment program, was used to analyze the safety of liquefied hydrogen refueling stations and In consideration of the individual and societal risks and the ranking of risks by facility, which are conditional allowable areas, a plan to improve safety such as facility layout was proposed