• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.81-89
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• 2018

In this study, the effect of Nb alloying element on the corrosion fatigue properties of high strength steel is investigated by conducting fatigue experiments under corrosive condition and hydrogen induced condition, potentiodynamic polarization test, tensile test and surface analyses. Nb element is added to enhance the mechanical property of medium carbon steel. This element forms MX-type phases such as carbides and nitrides which are playing an important role in the grain refinement. The grain refinement is one of the effective way to improve mechanical property because both tensile strength and toughness can be improved at the same time. However, MX-type phase precipitates can be a susceptible site to localized corrosion in corrosive environment due to the potential difference between matrix and precipitate. The obtained results showed that Nb-added steel improved corrosion fatigue property by grain refinement. However, it is degraded for hydrogen-induced fatigue property due to Nb, Ti-inclusions acting as a stronger trap.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.235-243
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• 2004

A number of potential applications of aluminum foams are being identified and renewed interest in these engineering materials is also reflected by several current research projects. One of the key issues for industrial exploitation of aluminum foams is the development of cost-effective manufacturing strategies facilitating, preferably, net shape production of foams with controlled porosity and cell size, and minimized structural imperfection. Especially, melt route to aluminum foam production based on the foaming agents offer attraction of low cost and the potential for good microstructure. The present paper is focused mainly on foaming agents of melt-foam aluminum such as $TiH_2$ or $TiH_2-Al$ mixture. For the purpose of economical manufacturing, we are proposed to hydrogen induced mechanical alloying (HIMA) process. Thermo-physical properties of particles synthesized are compared with conventional methods. Specimens synthesized are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), thermo- gravimetry-differential scanning calorymetry (TG-DSC), pressure-composition-isotherm. (PCI).

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.83-88
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• 2002

The mechanochemical milling of Mg and $Mg_2Ni$ alloys were carried out to examine the enhancement of hydrogen storage properties of Mg alloys. The hydroge characteristics of the ball-milled products were evaluated with a Sievert-type apparatus and electrochemical test. Various intermediate compounds were obtained by chemical reactions induced during the ball milling of Mg of $Mg_2Ni$ alloys with C, Ni, $Ni_2Cl$ and $Ca_2Cl$. The system of $Mg_2Ni$ with 10 wt% C improved markedly the kinetics of hydrogen absorption, while the hydrogen capacities were practically unchanged. The hydrogen storage alloys such as Mg-Ca can be successfully.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2000

In order to investigate the dehydriding properties of the $Mg_2NiH_x$ formed by hydrogen induced mechanical alloying, we performed isothermal thermogravimetry analysis at 453, 463, 473, 483, 493, 503 and 513K for 1 hours. Dehydrogenation kinetics were dependant strongly on the MA conditions which determine the In other words, kinds of synthesized hydrides phases and the crystal microstructures. The MA condition, 66:1 BCR(balls to chips mass ratio), especially 96h milling time, revealed the hydride phases of nano-/ amorphous state and the dehydriding activation energy of $43.4{\pm}3.6kJ/mole$.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2014

Mg hydride has a high hydrogen capacity (7.6%), at high temperature, and is a lightweight and low cost material, thus it a promising hydrogen storage material. However, its high operation temperature and very slow reaction kinetics are obstacles to practical application. In order to overcome these disadvantages of Mg hydride, graphene powder was added to it. The addition of graphene has been shown to reduce the operating temperature of dehydrogenation. Moreover, in this report the environmental aspects of $MgH_x$-Graphene composites are investigated by means of the environmental life cycle assessment (LCA) method. $MgH_x$-Graphene mixture was prepared by hydrogen induced mechanical alloy (HIMA). The synthesized powder was characterized by XRD(X-ray Diffraction). The hydrogenation behaviors were evaluated by using a Sievert's type automatic PCT apparatus. Such evaluation of Materials also conducted in the LCA. From the result of P-C-T(Pressure-Composition-Temperature) curves, the $MgH_x$-3wt.% graphene composite was evaluated as having a 5.86wt.% maximum hydrogen storage capacity, at 523K. From absorption kinetic testing, the $MgH_x$-7wt.% graphene composite was evaluated as having a maximum 6.94wt.%/ms hydrogen absorption rate, at 573K. Environment evaluation results for the $MgH_x$-graphene composites and other materials indicated environmental impact from the electric power used and from the materials themselves.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.270-278
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• 2002

Mg and Mg alloys are attractive hydrogen storage materials because of their lightweight and high absorption capacity. Their range of applications could be further extended if their hydrogenation properties and degradation behavior could be improved, The main emphasis of this study was to find an economic manufacturing method for Mg-Ti-Ni-H systems, and to investigate their hydrogenation properties, In order to examine hydrogenation behavior, a Sieverts type automatic pressure-composition-isotherm(PCI) apparatus was used and the experiments were performed at 423, 473, 523, 573, 623 and 673K. The results of thermogravimetric analysis(TGA) reveal that the absorbed hydrogen contents are around 2.5 wt% for ($Mg_9Ti_1$)-10 wt% Ni. With increased Ni content, the absorbed hydrogen content decreases to 1.7 wt%, whereas the dehydriding starting temperatures are lowered by some 70-100K. The results of PCI on ($Mg_9Ti_1$)-20 wt% Ni show that its hydrogen capacity is around 5.3 wt% and its reversible capacity and plateau pressure are also excellent at 523K and 573K. In addition, the reaction enthalpy, $\Delta$HD.plateau, is $30.6{\pm}5.7kJ/molH_2$.

• 청정기술
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.107-114
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• 2021

Mg₂NiH_x-5 wt% CaO 수소 저장 복합재료의 합성 공정에 대한 환경 영향 특성을 분석하기 위해 물질전과정평가(material life cycle assessment, MLCA)를 수행하였다. MLCA는 Gabi 소프트웨어를 사용하였으며, Eco-Indicator 99' (EI99)와 CML 2001 방법론을 기반으로 하여 분석하였다. Mg₂NiH_x-5 wt% CaO 복합재료는 수소 가압형 기계적 합금화법(hydrogen induced mechanical alloying, HIMA)에 의해 합성되었다. X-선 회절분석기(X-ray diffraction, XRD), 주사전자현미경(scanning electron microscopy, SEM), 에너지 분산형 X-선 분광법(energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, EDS), 비표면적 분석(Bruner-Emmett-Teller, BET), 열중량 분석(thermogravimetric analysis, TGA)을 이용하여 복합재료의 야금학적, 열화학적 특성을 분석하였다. CML 2001 및 EI99 방법론을 토대로 MLCA를 수행하여 분석한 정규화 결과, Mg₂NiH_x-5 wt% CaO 복합재료는 지구온난화(GWP)와 화석연료의 환경 부하 값에서 가장 높은 수치를 나타내었다. 이는 CaO 첨가에 따른 제조 공정에서의 추가적인 전기 사용으로 인한 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 향후 합금 설계 시에 제조 공정 시간 단축을 통한 공정 최적화 및 친환경적인 대체물질을 탐구하여 환경적인 요인을 고려한 연구를 모색해 볼 필요가 있다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.148-157
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• 2022

Research on hydrogen storage is active to properly deal with hydrogen, which is considered a next-generation energy medium. In particular, research on metal hydride with excellent safety and energy efficiency has attracted attention, and among them, magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloys have been studied for a long time due to their high storage density, low cost, and abundance. However, Mg-based alloys require high temperature conditions due to strong binding enthalpy, and have many difficulties due to slow hydrogenation kinetics and reduction in hydrogen storage capacity due to oxidation, and various strategies have been proposed for this. This research manufactured Mg₂Ni to improve hydrogenation kinetics and synthesize about 5, 10, 20 wt% of CaF₂ as a catalyst for controlling oxidation. Mg₂NiHx-CaF₂ produced by hydrogen induced mechanical alloying analyzed hydrogenation kinetics through an automatic PCT measurement system under conditions of 423 K, 523 K, and 623 K. In addition, material life cycle assessment was conducted through Gabi software and CML 2001 and Eco-Indicator 99' methodology, and the environmental impact characteristics of the manufacturing process of the composites were analyzed. In conclusion, it was found that the effects of resource depletion (ARD) and fossil fuels had a higher burden than other impact categories.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.27-40
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• 1999

Mg 및 Ni chips을 사용하여 $Mg_2NiH_x$ 수소저장합금을 Planetary Ball Mill M/C로 제조하였으며, 합금화 과정 중에 미치는 분위기 수소압의 영향을 고찰하였다. XRD분석결과 1:30의 장입비에서는 24시간 합성조건일 경우 10 bar이상의 분위기에서 $Mg_2NiH_x$ 상이 발견되었으며 48시간 합성할 경우에는 5 bar 이상의 분위기에서 나타났다. 1:66의 장입 조건에서는 24, 48시간 모두 5 bar 이상의 분위기에서 $Mg_2NiH_x$ 가 검출되었다. 합금화 초기에 만들어지는 것으로 생각되는 $MgH_x$ 로 인하여 전 공정에 걸쳐 미반응 Ni가 잔류하였으며 TG 분석결과 합금화 과정 중에 흡수된 수소저장량은 수소압의 변화에 따라 1.1 ~ 3.9 wt%에 이르는 것으로 나타났다. SEM 관찰 결과 동일 공정 조건에서는 분위기 수소압의 증가가 합금화 결과 최종적으로 얻어지는 미세입자와 그 군집체의 형상 및 크기 변화에 큰 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.327-335
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• 2006

In the development of new hydrogen absorbing materials for a next generation of metal hydride electrodes for rechargeable batteries, metastable Mg-Ni-based compounds find currently special attention. Amor phous-nanocrystalline $Mg_{63}Ni_{30}Y_7$ and $Mg_{50}Ni_{30}Y_{20}$ alloys were produced by mechanical alloying and melt-spinning and characterized by means of XRD, TEM and DSC. On basis of mechanically alloyed Mg-Ni-Y powders, complex hydride electrodes were fabricated and their electrochemical behaviour in 6M KOH (pH=14,8) was investigated. The electrodes made from $Mg_{63}Ni_{30}Y_7$ powders, which were prepared under use of a SPEX shaker mill, with a major fraction of nanocrystalline phase reveal a higher electrochemical activity far hydrogen reduction and a higher maximum discharge capacity (247 mAh/g) than the electrodes from alloy powder with predominantly amorphous microstructure (216 mAh/g) obtained when using a Retsch planetary ball mill at low temperatures. Those discharge capacities are higher that those fur nanocrystalline $Mg_2Ni$ electrodes. However, the cyclic stability of those alloy powder electrodes was low. Therefore, fundamental stability studies were performed on $Mg_{63}Ni_{30}Y_7$ and $Mg_{50}Ni_{30}Y_{20}$ ribbon samples in the as-quenched state and after cathodic hydrogen charging by means of anodic and cathodic polarisation measurements. Gradual oxidation and dissolution of nickel governs the anodic behaviour before a passive state is attained. A stabilizing effect of higher fractions of yttrium in the alloy on the passivation was detected. During the cathodic hydrogen charging process the alloys exhibit a change in the surface state chemistry, i.e. an enrichment of nickel-species, causing preferential oxidation and dissolution during subsequent anodization. The effect of chemical pre-treatments in 1% HF and in $10\;mg/l\;YCl_3/1%\;H_2O_2$ solution on the surface degradation processes was investigated. A HF treatment can improve their anodic passivation behavior by inhibiting a preferential nickel oxidation-dissolution at low polarisation, whereas a $YCl_3/H_2O_2$ treatment has the opposite effect. Both pre-treatment methods lead to an enhancement of cathodically induced surface degradation processes.