• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.268-275
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• 2003

The mechanism of the hydrogen gas pore formation was investigated in Lost Foam Casting of Al-alloy by reduced pressure test and real casting. The hydrogen gas pick-up was affected by the formed gas during the decomposition of polystyrene in addition to the liquid product. It depended on pouring temperature and a proper temperature of metal front gave the minimum hydrogen pick-up. At a low pouring temperature, the hydrogen went into the melt mainly from entrapped liquid product of polystyrene but pores were formed from the gas as well as the liquid product at a high pouring temperature. The mold flask evacuation down to 710torr decreased the gas porosity down by around 0.4% vol%. The entrapped decomposition product of polystyrene in the melt was observed through the visualization of filling behavior of Al alloy-melt with the high speed camera.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2013

본 연구는 3차원 위험성평가 시뮬레이션 툴(FLACS)을 활용하여 연료의 종류에 따른 위험성을 비교 평가하였다. 일반적인 고압가스 충전소 레이아웃을 활용하여 연료를 CNG, 수소, 30%HCNG로 하였을 경우 충전소에서 가스누출에 의한 화재 폭발 상황을 모사하여 피해영향을 비교 분석하였다. 그리고 가스별 누출제트에 의한 피해영향을 평가하였다. 동일한 조건에서 수소, CNG, HCNG가 누출되어 화재폭발이 발생할 경우 수소는 최대과압이 30kPa, HCNG는 3.5kPa 그리고 CNG는 0.4kPa의 과압이 측정되었다. HCNG의 과압이 CNG에 비해 7.75배 높게 측정되었으나, 수소에 비해서는 11.7%에 불과했다. 화염 전파에 있어서 수소는 매우 빠른 화염전파 특성을 가지는 반면 HCNG와 CNG는 수소에 비해 전파속도 및 전파거리에서 비교적 안전한 경향을 보였다. 제트화염에 의한 화염경계거리는 수소가 5.5m, CNG가 3.4m이고 HCNG는 CNG보다 약간 확장된 3.9m로 예측되었다.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2022년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.213-213
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• 2022

본 논문은 슬로싱(Sloshing) 거동에 놓인 극저온 액체수소 화물창의 BOG 예측을 위한 CFD 해석 절차를 다루고 있다. 특히, 적재율(Filling Ratio)에 따라 달라지는 열 유입과 그에 따른 액체수소의 기화 경향을 파악하기 위한 목적으로 수행되었다. 액체수소와 기체수소의 혼재에 의한 다상 열유동(Multiphase-Thermal flow) 특성을 반영하고 유동에 따른 강제 대류 현상을 열유속에 반영하기 위한 CFD 해석을 수행하였다. 다상 유동 모델의 정확성을 검증하기 위하여 슬로싱 실험의 압력 계측 값과 해석의 압력 값 및 자유수면(Free surface) 형상을 비교하였다. 소형 C-Type 독립형 액화수소 탱크를 대상으로 슬로싱 유동과 BOG 발생을 수치적으로 예측하였다. 해석 과정에서 VOF(Volume of fraction) 모델과 Eulerian 모델을 모두 적용하여, 액체수소에 유입되는 열 유속(Heat flux)의 예측 정확성을 비교하였다. 슬로싱 유무에 따라 액체수소에 유입되는 열 유속을 비교하여 슬로싱 유동의 포함 여부에 따른 BOG 발생량의 변화를 제시하였으며, 최종적으로 액체수소의 충전율(Filling ratio) 별로 BOG 발생량의 경향성을 제시하였다.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.98-107
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• 2017

Pd-based membranes have been widely used in hydrogen purification and separation due to their high hydrogen diffusivity and infinite selectivity. However, it has been difficult to fabricate thin and dense Pd-based membranes on a porous stainless steel(PSS) support. In case of a conventional PSS support having the large size of surface pores, it was required to use complex surface treatment and thick Pd coating more than $6{\mu}m$ on the PSS was required in order to form pore free surface. In this study, we could fabricate thin and dense Pd membrane with only $3{\mu}m$ Pd layer on a new PSS support manufactured by metal injection molding(MIM). The PSS support had low surface roughness and mean pore size of $5{\mu}m$. Pd membrane were prepared by advanced Pd sputter deposition on the modified PSS support using fine polishing and YSZ vacuum filling surface treatment. At temperature $400^{\circ}C$ and transmembrane pressure difference of 1 bar, hydrogen flux and selectivity of $H_2/N_2$ were $11.22ml\;cm^{-2}min^{-1}$ and infinity, respectively. Comparing with $6{\mu}m$ Pd membrane, $3{\mu}m$ Pd membrane showed 2.5 times higher hydrogen flux which could be due to the decreased Pd layer thickness from $6{\mu}m$ to $3{\mu}m$ and an increased porosity. It was also found that pressure exponent was changed from 0.5 on $6{\mu}m$ Pd membrane to 0.8 on $3{\mu}m$ Pd membrane.

• 멤브레인
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.415-424
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• 2017

바나듐 산화환원 흐름 전지에 핵심적으로 사용되는 이온교환막은 일반적으로 양이온교환막을 사용하고 있으나 co-ion인 바나듐 이온의 투과에 의한 장기적 성능 저하 문제를 해결하기 어렵다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 바나듐 투과도 및 장기 운전 안정성의 특성을 파악하기 위해 세 가지 다른 관능기를 보유한 음이온교환막을 제조하였다. 기저막으로는 다공성 폴리에틸렌 필름에 benzyl chloride (VBC)과 divinylbenzene (DVB)을 충진 및 가교 중합하여 제조한 후, 세 가지 다른 아민 관능기를 각각 도입하였다. 제조된 음이온교환막들에 대해 바나듐 이온 투과 정도 및 장기 운전 안정성을 관찰한 결과 triethylamine을 관능기로 적용한 음이온교환막에서 높은 에너지효율을 유지하면서도 가장 장기적 운전 안정성을 확보할 수 있었다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.175-186
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• 2004

In this paper, we developed the dynamic model of a fuel cell system suitable for controller design and system operation. The transient phenomena captured in the model include the flow characteristics and inertia dynamics of the compressor, the intake manifold filling dynamics, oxygen partial pressures and membrane humidity on the fuel cell voltage. In the simulations, we paid attention to the transient behavior of stack voltage and compressor pressure, stoichiometric ratio. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the model capability. For load current following, stack voltage dynamic characteristics are plotted to understand the Electro-chemistry involved with the fuel cell system. Compressor pressure and stoichiometric ratio are strongly coupled, and independent parameters may interfere with each other, dynamic response, undershoot and overshoot.

• 한국자원리싸이클링학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2006년도 고분자리싸이클링 심포지엄
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• pp.3-12
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• 2006

The main feature of these total technologies is that we can constitute the optimum treatment scheme fitting to the property of wastes, amount of wastes and energy requirement. For high moisture content wastes or biomass resources, high pressure steam process (MMCS) for crush, dry and deodorize wastes to produce high quality fertilizer of fuel is most appropriate. For dry or semi-dry solid wastes, the STAR-MEET system can be applied to produce low-BTU gases for power generation using duel fueled diesel engines of Stirling engines, and the REPRES and HyPR-MEET systems can be applied to produce hydrogen rich medium-BTU gas. For waste plastics and oils, liquefaction technology is best fit to produce light oil or kerosene equivalent fuel oils. These total technologies are completely different from the existent waste treatment technologies based on land-filling or incineration, and are expected to disseminate all over the world in the near future.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.205-211
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• 2021

Recently, it is necessary for study on renewable energy due to environmental pollution and fossil fuel depletion. Therefore, in this study, the filling temperature according to the nozzle geometry was evaluated based on the limit temperature specified in SAEJ2601 for charging hydrogen, a new energy. There are three types of nozzles, normal, angle and round, fixed the average pressure ramp rate at 52.5 MPa/min, and the injection temperature was set at 293.4 K. As a result, the lowest temperature distribution was found in the round type, although the final temperature did not differ significantly in the three types of nozzles. In addition, Pearson's coefficient was calculated to correlate the mass flow rate with the heat transfer rate at the inner liner wall, which resulted in a strong linear relationship of 0.98 or higher.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2011년도 제40회 동계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.53-53
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• 2011

As the dimension of Cu interconnects has continued to reduce, its resistivity is expected to increase at the nanoscale due to increased surface and grain boundary scattering of electrons. To suppress increase of the resistivity in nanoscale interconnects, alloying Cu with other metal elements such as Al, Mn, and Ag is being considered to increase the mean free path of the drifting electrons. The formation of Al alloy with a slight amount of Cu broadly studied in the past. The study of Cu alloy including a very small Al fraction, by contrast, recently began. The formation of Cu-Al alloy is limited in wet chemical bath and was mainly conducted for fundamental studies by sputtering or evaporation system. However, these deposition methods have a limitation in production environment due to poor step coverage in nanoscale Cu metallization. In this work, gap-filling of Cu-Al alloy was conducted by cyclic MOCVD (metal organic chemical vapor deposition), followed by thermal annealing for alloying, which prevented an unwanted chemical reaction between Cu and Al precursors. To achieve filling the Cu-Al alloy into sub-100nm trench without overhang and void formation, furthermore, hydrogen plasma pretreatment of the trench pattern with Ru barrier layer was conducted in order to suppress of Cu nucleation and growth near the entrance area of the nano-scale trench by minimizing adsorption of metal precursors. As a result, superconformal gap-fill of Cu-Al alloy could be achieved successfully in the high aspect ration nanoscale trenches. Examined morphology, microstructure, chemical composition, and electrical properties of superfilled Cu-Al alloy will be discussed in detail.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.41-51
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• 1986

식쌍성 TX UMa의 2색 (V와 B)의 광천측광에 의한 광도곡선(Oh and Chen 1984)을Wilson and Devinney(1971) 모델에 의한 differential corrections 방법으로 분석하였다. 그결과 TX UMa의 온도가 낮고 질량이 작은 반성은 Roche lobe를 채우고 있는 준접촉 식쌍성으로 해석된다. 한펀, 이번에 얻은 TX UMa의 측광학적 궤도요소와 Hiltner( 1945)의 분광궤도요소로부터 이 별의 절대량을 구하였다. 이에 따르면, 분광형이 B8V인 주성은 core hydrogen burning의 zero age main sequence stage에 있으며 반성은 shell hydorgen burning stage 이후 contraction stage의 진화 상태에 놓여 있는 것으로 추정된다.