• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 2011

Previous work demonstrated that an ethanol extract (HS0608) of a mixture of three medicinal plants of Curcuma longae radix, Phellinus linteus, and Scutellariae radix markedly inhibits $A{\beta}$ (25-35)-induced neurotoxicity. The present study was performed to further verify the neuroprotective effect of HS0608 on oxidative and ischemic cerebral injury using cultured rat cortical neurons and rats. Exposure of cultured cortical neurons to $100\;{\mu}M$ hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) induced neuronal apoptotic death. At $10-100{\mu}g/ml$, HS0608 inhibited neuronal death, elevation of intracellular calcium concentration ($[Ca^{2+}]_i$), and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by $H_2O_2$ in primary cultures of rat cortical neurons. In vivo, HS0608 prevented cerebral ischemic injury induced by 2-h middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and 24-h reperfusion. The ischemic infarct and edema were significantly reduced in rats that received HS0608 (200 mg/kg). These results suggest that the anti-oxidative properties of HS0608 may be responsible for its neuroprotective effect against focal cerebral ischemic injury and that HS0608 may have a therapeutic role in neurodegenerative diseases such as stroke.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.14-20
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• 2008

In the present study, we examined how the transport of choline is regulated at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) under the central nervous system (CNS) cellular damages by oxidative stress using a conditionally immortalized rat brain capillary endothelial cells (TR-BBB), in vitro the BBB model. It was also tested whether the choline uptake is influenced by membrane potential, extracellular pH, protonophore (FCCP) and amiloride in TR-BBB cells. In result, $[^3H]choline$ uptake was inhibited by FCCP and dependent on extracellular pH. The treatment of TR-BBB cells with 20 ng/mL tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ $(TNF-{\alpha})$, 10 ng/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS), 100 ${\mu}M$ diethyl maleate (DEM) and 100 ${\mu}M$ glutamate resulted in 3.0-fold, 2.6-fold, 1.8-fold and 2.0-fold increases of $[^3H]choline$ uptake at the respective peak time, respectively. In contrast, hydrogen peroxide and raffinose did not show any significant effects on choline uptake. In addition, choline efflux was significantly inhibited by $TNF-{\alpha}$, LPS and DEM producing cell damage states. In conclusion, the influx and efflux transport system for choline existed in TR-BBB cell line and this process was affected by several oxidative stress inducing agents.

• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.19-33
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• 1997

The high oxidants, which occur the daily maximum concentrations in the afternoon, are transported into the other region via long range transport mechanisms or trapped within the shallow mixing boundary layer and then removed physically (deposition, transport by mountain wind, etc.) and chemically (reaction with local sources). Therefore, modeling formation of photochemical oxidants requires a complex description of both chemical and meteorological processes. In this study, as a part of air quality studies, we reviewed various aspects of photochemical modeling on the basis of currently available literature. The result of the review shows that the model is based on a set of coupled continuity equations describing advection, diffusion, transport, deposition, chemistry, emission. Also photochemical oxidant models require a large amount of input data concerned with all aspects of the ozone life cycle. First, emission inventories of hydrocarbon and nitrogen oxides, with appropriate spatial and temporal resolution. Second, chemical and photochemical data allowing the quantitative description of the formation of ozone and other photochemically-generated secondary pollutants. Third, dry deposition mechanisms particularly for ozone, PAN and hydrogen peroxide to account for their removal by absorption on the ground, crops, natural vegetation, man-made and water surfaces. Finally, meteorological data describing the transport of primary pollutants away from their sources and of secondary pollutants towards the sensitive receptors where environmental damage may occur. In order to improve our present study, shortcomings and limitation of existing models are pointed out and verification process through observation is emphasized.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.30-38
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• 2017

Established in the 1960s, high pressure underground pipelines in Ulsan and Yeosu industrial estate are underground as toxic gas as well as combustible gas that is heavier than city gas and low combustion range. Especially, industrial pipelines occupy more than 20 years old pipes. In this way, the industrial estate pipeline was installed before the introduction of the supervision of construction, However, unlike the city gas pipeline, the pipeline is managed without any legal obligation. In this study, the safety management status of high pressure underground pipelines and urban gas underground pipelines in the industrial estate is analyzed and comparison of laws, extent of damage impact, using the pipe inspection model for pipe inspection of high pressure piping system with the existing piping system. it is intended to cuntribute to improving the safety of industrial estate are underground pipeline.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.467-471
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• 2012

In this study, we investigated the antioxidative and antiaging activity of Perilla frutescens using LLC-$PK_1$ porcine renal epithelial cell and WI-38 human diploid fibroblast cell. The extract from Perilla frutescens showed strong protective effect against nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide ($O_2{^-}$)-induced oxidative stress generated by sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and pyrogallol, respectively. The result showed that P. frutescens increased the cell viability and showed scavenging activity of NO and $O_2{^-}$. In addition, the extract of P. frutescens exerted the protective effect against peroxynitrite ($ONOO^-$) induced by 3-morpholinosydnonimine. It suggests that P. frutescens would have the protective role against $ONOO^-$ itself and its precursors, NO and $O_2{^-}$. Furthermore, the aging model of hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$)-treated WI-38 human diploid fibroblast was employed to investigate the anti-aging effect of P. frutescens. $H_2O_2$-treated WI-38 cells showed the loss of cell viability, however before-treatment with P. frutescens to WI-38 cells under premature senescence could delay the cellular aging process. The present study suggests the antioxidative and antiaging potential against free radical-induced oxidative damage of P. frutescens.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.90-100
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• 2018

Environmental pollution with arsenic (As) in croplands causes agricultural and health problems worldwide. Rice is an important crop in South Korea, and many studies have evaluated the relationship between As and glutathione (GSH) to alleviate As uptake from the soil into plants. However, information about the relationship between As and ascorbate (AsA) in rice seedlings is still limited with regard to As phytotoxicity. We therefore investigated changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant levels in rice (Oryza sativa L. cv 'Dasan') seedlings with toxic As and/or AsA application. The exposure of rice seedlings to $15{\mu}M$ As inhibited plant growth and resulted in increased contents of superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and malondialdehyde, and induced As uptake by the roots and leaves. Application of AsA to As-exposed seedlings ameliorated As-induced oxidative stress by enhancing the capacity of AsA-GSH cycle in applied plants and increasing As transfer from the roots to leaves. These results suggest that AsA application alleviated As-induced oxidative damage by maintaining sufficient levels of AsA and GSH.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.55-61
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• 2011

Objectives: Reactive Oxygen Species(ROS) are continuously produced at a high rate as a by-product of aerobic metabolism. Since tissue damage by free radical, ROS such as hydrogen peroxide($H_2O_2$), nitric oxide(NO) increases with age. Several lines of evidence provided that ROS appears to cause to develop aging-related various diseases such as cancer, arthritis, cardiovascular disease. In this study, we have conducted to investigate the pharmacological effects of red ginseng for the development possibility to pharmacopuncture drug sources or healthy aid foods. Methods: For our aims, it was investigated the biological activities of Red Ginseng ethanol extracts (RGEE) by measuring total polyphenol contents, total flavonoid contents, DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity and cell viability of MCF 10A and SK-MEL-2 in vitro with MTT assay method. Results: The total polyphenol contents of RGEE was 3.06${\pm}$0.11mg/g in 10mg/ml, the total flavonoid contents of RGEE was 1.35${\pm}$0.01mg/g in same concentration. The ABTS radical scavenging activity was about 80% and that of DPPH activity was 65% in 50mg/ml of RGEE. The cell viability of SKMEL-2, skin cancer cell line was decreased and that of MCF 10A, skin normal cell line was increased. Conclusions: We conclude that RGEE may be useful as potential functional foods or pharmacopuncture drug sources on the diseases induced by oxidant stress.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.53-59
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• 2018

In Korea, The number of installed LPG Charging stations is about 2000, increasing by 26 every year. In these, about 500 charging stations are older above 15 year, accounting about 25% of total stations. About 86% of them are located in the city, which is causing serious damage if accident occurs. In this paper, we developed a duel gas sensor module and integrated control system software that can prevent and correspondence to gas leaks and fire accidents at LPG/CNG charging stations. The dual type sensor module has the function of collecting and transmitting the measured data to the sensors of methane, butane and hydrogen through RF433Mhz communication. In addition, each sensor is attached with two to improve stability and accuracy. The integrated control system software detects real-time data of the devices measured by the sensors and it send to the PC and smart phone of manager. Therefore, if accident occurs, the manager can check the status of the charging station regardless of time and place.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.1-2
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• 2000

In chip plating, several parameters must be taken into consideration. Current density, solution concentration, pH, solution temperature, components volume, chip and media ratio, barrel geometrical shape were most likely found to have an effect to the process yields. The 3 types of barrels utilized in chip plating industry are the onventional rotating barrel, vibrational barrel(vibarrel), and the centrifugal type. Conventional rotating barrel is a close type and is commonly used. The components inside the barrel are circulated by the barrel's rotation at a horizontal axis. Process yield has known to have higher thickness deviation. The vibrational barrel is an open type which offers a wide exposure to electrolyte resulting to a stable thickness deviation. It rotates in a vertical axis coupled with multi-vibration action to facilitate mixed up and easy transportation of components. The centrifugal barrel has its plated work centrifugally compacted against the cathode ring for superior electrical contact with simultaneous rotary motion. This experiment has determined the effect of barrel vibration intensity to the plating thickness distribution. The procedures carried out in the experiment involved the overall plating process., cleaning, rinse, Nickel plating, Tin-Lead plating. Plating time was adjusted to meet the required specification. All other parameters were maintained constant. Two trials were performed to confirm the consistency of the result. The thickness data of the experiment conducted showed thatbthe average mean value obtained from higher vibrational intensity is nearer to the standard mean. The distribution curve shown has a narrower specification limits and it has a reduced variation around the target value. Generally, intensity control in vi-barrel facilitates mixed up and easy transportation of components. However, it is desirable to maintain an optimum vibration intensity to prevent solution intrusion into the chips' internal electrode. A cathodic reaction can occur in the interface of the external and internal electrode. 2H20 + e $\rightarrow$M/TEX> 20H + H2.. Hydrogen can penetrate into the body and create pressure which can cause cracks. At high intensity, the chip's motion becomes stronger, its contact between each other is delayed and so plating action is being controlled. However, the strong impact created by its collision can damage the external electrode's structure there by resulting to bad plating condition.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.315-321
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• 2017

Background: Glycyrrhiza uralensis Radix (GR) is a crude drugs used in Asian countries that has been reported to prevent the progression of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. The present study examined whether GR and its active compounds, glycyrrhizic acid (GA) and isoliquiritigenin (IL), exerted protective effects on $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative damage in C6 glial cells. Methods and Results: We exposed C6 glial cells to hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) for 24 h and investigated the cellular response to GR and its active compounds by evaluating cell viability, reactivie oxygen species (ROS) production, and apoptosis-related protein expression. GR successfully mitigated the reduced cell viability and ROS production induced by $H_2O_2$ in C6 glial cells, IL and GA significantly increased the cell viability and decreased ROS production. In addition, IL and GA down-regulated apoptotic Baxdependent caspase-3 activation, but each compound exerted different mechanisms, i.e., IL dose-dependently decreased ROS production and, GA up-regulated anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 expression. Conclusions: These results demonstrated that GR and its active components, IL and GA, exhibit potential for use as natural neurodegenerative agents for the modulation of apoptosis in C6 glial cells.