• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.52 no.8
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• pp.1742-1748
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• 2020

TSSD, TSSP, and TSSP2 of hydrogen for optimized-Zirlo (Zirlo™) alloy were measured by DSC in the range of 53-457 wppm. Solvus curves of the TSSs are derived and proposed in this study. The results show that the temperature gap between TSSD and TSSP solvus lines of Zirlo™ are similar to those of other zirconium alloys, but another gap between the TSSD and TSSP2 line differs significantly. In particular, the TSSP2 solvus line becomes closer to the TSSD solvus line than to TSSP unlike Zircaloy-4, so ΔT_TSSD-TSSP2 of Zirlo™ decreases with decreasing temperature. This implies that hydride reorientation can take place more significantly in Zirlo™ than in Zircaloy-4, and the limited temperature variation of 65 ℃ during the vacuum drying and the cooling-down process may not be sufficient to prevent the triggering of hydride reorientation in Zirlo™ cladding under long-term dry storage.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.681-688
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• 2014

Hydride reorientation behaviors of PWR cladding tubes under typical interim dry storage conditions were investigated with the use of as-received 250 and 485ppm hydrogen-charged Zr-Nb alloy cladding tubes. In order to evaluate the effect of typical cool-down processes on the radial hydride precipitation, two terminal heat-up temperatures of 300 and $400^{\circ}C$, as well as two terminal cool-down temperatures of 200 and $300^{\circ}C$, were considered. In addition, two cooling rates of 2.5 and $8.0^{\circ}C/min$ during the cool-down processes were taken into account along with zero stress or a tensile hoop stress of 150MPa. It was found that the 250ppm hydrogen-charged specimen experiencing the higher terminal heat-up temperature and the lower terminal cool-down temperature generated the highest number of radial hydrides during the cool-down process under 150MPa hoop tensile stress, which may be explained by terminal solid hydrogen solubilities for precipitation, and dissolution and remaining circumferential hydrides at the terminal heat-up temperatures. In addition, the slower cool-down rate generates the larger number of radial hydrides due to a cooling rate-dependent, longer residence time at a relatively high temperature that can accelerate the radial hydride nucleation and growth.

• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
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• 2006.09b
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• pp.829-830
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• 2006

Recent research at Harbin Institute of Technology on the synthesis of nanocrystalline and untrafine grained materials by mechanical alloying/milling is reviewed. Examples of the materials include aluminum alloy, copper alloy, magnesium-based hydrogen storage material, and $Nd_2Fe_{14}B/{\alpha}-Fe$ magnetic nanocomposite. Details of the processes of mechanical alloying and consolidation of the mechanically alloyed nanocrystalline powder materials are presented. The microstructure characteristics and properties of the synthesized materials are addressed.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.95-99
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• 2006

Electrochemical properties were studied for a single particle of active material of hydrogen storage alloy $(MmNi_{3.55}Co_{0.75}Mn_{0.4}Al_{0.3})$ and nickel hydroxides $(NiOH)_2$ for the secondary Nickel Metal Hydride (Ni-MH) batteries using the microelectrode, which was manipulated to make electrical contact with an active material particle for cyclic voltammograms (CV) and potential-step experiments. As a result of CV test, it was found that three kinds of hydrogen oxidation peaks at -0.9, -0.75 and -0.65 V and hydrogen evolution peak at -0.98 V for hydrogen storage alloy were separately observed and two kinds of peaks of proton oxidation/reduction at 0.45 and 0.32 V and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at 0.6 V for nickel hydroxides were also more clearly observed. Furthermore hydrogen diffusion coefficient within a single particle was also found to vary the order between $10^{-9}\;and\;10^{-10}cm^2/s$ over the course of hydrogenation and dehydrogenation process for potential-step experiments.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.380-385
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• 2011

$MgH_2$ was synthesized by hydriding chemical vapor deposition (HCVD). In this study, we examined the hydrogen storage property of $MgH_2$ synthesized by HCVD. The results of pressure-composition-temperature (PCT) measurement showed that the HCVDed $MgH_2$ reversibly absorbed hydrogen as much as 6 wt%. Each hydrogenation rate was very greater than the conventional alloy methods. The reason was that the particle size made by HCVD was small as approximately 1 ${\mu}m$. The PCT of $MgH_2$ made by HCVD methode was similar to a commercial $MgH_2$. The ${\Delta}H$ and ${\Delta}S$ value are respectively -76.8 $kJ/mol{\cdot}H_2$ and -137.4 $kJ/mol{\cdot}H_2$. Mg made by HCVD methode was activated easily than commercial Mg. Also the initial reaction rate was faster than that of commercial $MgH_2$. 70% of the total storage were stored during 400s.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.829-833
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• 2012

SNG (synthetic natural gas or substitute natural gas) could contribute greatly toward energy security. In addition, HCNG (or $H_2CNG$) is expected to be used as a fuel gas for internal combustion engines and home appliances because it has extremely low emissions and high thermal efficiency. However, the hydrogen contained in SNG or HCNG can deteriorate the mechanical properties of the materials used in existing natural gas infrastructure. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the effect of hydrogen on the mechanical properties of such materials so that SNG or HCNG can be transported and distributed safely and reliably. In this study, the effect of highly pressurized hydrogen gas on the tensile properties of a low-alloy steel used for manufacturing CNG storage vessels was investigated using the so-called hollow tensile specimen technique.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2006

There are two types of metal hydride electrodes as a negative electrode in a Ni-MH battery, $AB_2$ Zr-based Laves phases and $AB_5$ LM(La-rich mischmetal)-based alloys. The $AB_5$ alloy electrodes have characteristic properties such as a large discharge capacity per volume, easiness in activation, long cycle life and a low cost of alloy. However they have a relatively small discharge capacity per weight. The $AB_2$alloy electrodes have a much higher discharge capacity per weight than $AB_5$ alloy electrodes, however they have some disadvantages of poor activation behavior and cycle life. Therefore, in order to improve the discharge capacity of the $AB_5$ alloy electrode the Zr, Ti and V which are the alloying elements of the $AB_2$ alloys were added to the $LaNi_{3.6}Ai_{0.4}Co_{0.7}Mn_{0.3}$ alloy which was chosen as a $AB_5$ alloy with a high capacity. The addition of Zr, Ti and V to $LaNi_{3.6}Ai_{0.4}Co_{0.7}Mn_{0.3}$ alloy improved the activation to be completed in two cycles. The discharge capacities of Zr 0.02, Ti 0.02 and V 0.1 alloys in $LaNi_{3.6}Ai_{0.4}Co_{0.7}Mn_{0.3}M_y$ (M = Zr, Ti, V) were respectively 346, 348 and 366 mAh/g alloy. The alloy electrodes, Zr 0.02, Ti 0.05 and V 0.1 in $LaNi_{3.6}Ai_{0.4}Co_{0.7}Mn_{0.3}M_y$ (M = Zr, Ti, V), have shown good cycle property after 200 cycles. The rate capability of the $LaNi_{3.6}Ai_{0.4}Co_{0.7}Mn_{0.3}M_y$ (M = Zr, Ti, V) alloy electrodes were very good until 0.6 C rate and the alloys, Zr 0.02, Ti 0.05 and V 0.1, have shown the best result as 92 % at 2.4 C rate. The charge retention property of the $LaNi_{3.6}Ai_{0.4}Co_{0.7}Mn_{0.3}M_y$ (M = Zr, Ti, V) alloys was not good and the alloys with M content from 0.02 to 0.05 showed better charge retention properties.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.389-394
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• 2006

Mg and Mg-based alloys are promising hydrogen storage alloys for renewable clean energy applications. It is a lightweight and low cost material with high hydrogen storage capacity. However, commercial applications of the Mg hydride are currently hindered by its high absorption/desorption temperature, and very slow reaction kinetics. In this work, we aim to study the absorption properties of the $Mg_2Ni$-5mass% Nb composite prepared by mechanical alloying under hydrogen. The absorption capacity of the sample is found to be about 3.0 wt.% at T=573 K and P=1.0 MPa. The absorption characteristics observed have been compared with those of the prepared $Mg_2Ni$.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.780-786
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• 2011

Mg hydride had high hydrogen capacity (7.6%), lightweight and low cost materials and it was promising hydrogen storage material at high temperature. However, commercial applications of the Mg hydride are currently hindered by its high absorption/desorption temperature, and very slow reaction kinetics. one of the approaches to improve the kinetic is $MgH_x$ intermixed with carbon. And it shows that carbon and carbon allotropes have a beneficial effect on hydrogen sorption in Mg. The graphene is a kind of carbon allotropes which is easily desorbed reaction at low temperatures because its reaction is exothermic. In this work, the effect of graphene concentration on the kinetics of Mg hydrogen absorption reaction was investigated. The $MgH_x$-Graphene composites has been prepared by hydrogen induced mechanical alloy (HIMA). The synthesized powder was characterized by XRD and simultaneous TG, DSC analysis. The hydrogenation behaviors were evaluated by using a sievert's type automatic PCT apparatus. In this research, results of kinetic profiles exhibit hydrogen absorption rate of $MgH_x$-5wt.% and 10wt.% graphene composite, as 1.25wt.%/ms, 10.33wt.%/ms against 0.88wt.%/ms for $MgH_x$ alone at 473K.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.10-14
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• 2012

Recently the low alloy steel plate made with manganese-molybdenum is used widely in steam drum and separator of the new coal-fired power plant boiler. This material is suitable for the vapor storage of high pressure and high temperature. The high temperature creep strength of Mn-Mo alloy is higher than the carbon plate(SA516) that used in the subcritical pressure boiler. It reduces the thickness of the pressure vessel and makes the lightweight possible. Recently in the power plant boiler operation and production process, the damage has happened frequently in the heat affected zone and base material according to the hydrogen crack and delayed crack. This paper describes the research result about the damage case experienced in the boiler steam drum production process and present the optimum manufacture method for the similar damage prevention of recurrence.