• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.70-82
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• 2007

Aiming at nature's early restoring needs to select plant species harmonizing with surrounding environment that fits to restoring goal of ultimately aiming at woody plants dominant vegetation that protect and stabilize surface parts of bared slopes. And it is important to make it assimilated with surrounding natural vegetation by differentiating planning of seed mixtures. Natural Ecological Restoring Construction Methods (JSB Method) was developed to increase the effect of landscape change according to seasons not to simple hydro-seeding by reducing rate of foreign grasses while raising rate of wild flower using. It was considered that using wild flowers that bloom on each season solved the problems of slope landscapes that looks artificial and uninteresting. After researching environmental condition of the slopes, JSB Method has shown that, as of wet-type method, soil is relatively soft and the difference of thickness of plant base soil media affects on the difference of soil hardness. In case of soil hardness of 8.8~17mm, there's dangerousness of slope's collapsing, but it has shown that growth of plant was favorable. For the acidity of soil, most of them are in the type of neutralized soil of more than pH 6. And after analyzing the degree of woody plants dominance, it had shown that lower part was occupied with wild flowers and other herbaceous species like China pin, golden phesant mum, pitcher plant, and middle and upper part was occupied with woody plants like silk-tree, sumac forming multi-layer structure. It can be concluded that the restoration objects of the woody plant vegetation on the roadside slopes can be accomplished successfully by Natural Ecological Restoring Construction Method (JSB method).

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.251-260
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• 1988

Ion-exchange porous glasses were prepared by heat treatment and subsequently hydro thermalor acid leaching treatment $10Li_2O$.$(90-x)B_2O_3$.$xSiO_2$ base glasses containing various amount of $Al_2O_3$ or $MoO_3$. It was investigated how the phase separation and the cation exchange capacity(CEC) were affected by the addition of $Al_2O_3$ or $MoO_3$. The optimum condition of phase separation in these glasses was about 48$0^{\circ}C$ for 10 hrs. The degree of phase separation was rapidly suppressed by the addition of $Al_2O_3$ up to 10 mol% and thereafter suppression effect was decreased. The maximum value of CEC, about 252meq/100g, was observed with the $1OLi_2O$.$45B_2O_3$.$45SiO_2＋7.5Al_2O_3$ porous glass prepared by hydrothermal treatment and its mean pore radius was about 16.3A. The addition of $MoO_3$ accelerated phase separation and leaching rate. Looking at the remakable increment of pore diameter and pore volume of these porous glasses by the addition of $MoO_3$, the effect of $MoO_3$ may be ascribed to the lowering of silica concentration in the borate phase and to the forming of water-soluble complex with silica during the leaching treatment.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.210-218
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• 2018

It is very important to analyze water balance in the mountain wetland for the sustainable management of the wetland. In this study, the SWAT model was used to analyze the water balance of Janggun wetland located in Geumjeong mountain of Gyungnam province, Korea. The data such as rainfall and water level measured in Janggun wetland were used for water balance analysis and from the analysis we have known that the rainfall of 10mm within 8 days is required for maintaining an appropriate water level in Janggun wetland. Also, water balance analysis in the wetland for the period of 2009 to 2017 was performed by using hydro-meteorological data obtained from Yangsan weather station which is located around Janggun wetland. From the analysis results, we have known that the amount of rainfall was relatively small in 2010, 2012 and 2015 and water shortage was occurred in the wetland. Especially, water shortage was occurred during the summer that we had intensive rainfall for very short time and faster removal of the runoff from the wetland. Therefore, we may need extend water courses from a wetland watershed to the wetland for preventing land-forming of the wetland and also store water by banking up the wetland for preventing the decrease of water level in the wetland.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.487-502
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• 2012

This paper is focused on mineral compositions, microstructures and distributional characters of remained grains in the fault rocks collected from a fault developed in Yongdang-ri, Yangbuk-myeon, Gyeongju City, Korea, using X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscope, laser grain size analysis and fractal dimension analysis methods. The exposed fault core zone is about 1.5 meter thick. On the average, the breccia zone is 1.2 meter and the gouge zone is 20cm thick, respectively. XRD results show that the breccia zone consists predominantly of rock-forming minerals including quartz and feldspar, but the gouge zone consists of abundant clay minerals such as chlorite, illite and kaolinite. Mineral vein, pyrite and altered minerals commonly observed in the fault rock support evidence of fault activity associated with hydrothermal alteration. Fractal dimensions based on box counting, image analysis and laser particle analysis suggest that mineral grains in the fault rock underwent fracturing process as well as abrasion that gave rise to diminution of grains during the fault activity. Fractal dimensions(D-values) calculated by three methods gradually increase from the breccia zone to the gouge zone which has commonly high D-values. There are no noticeable changes in D-values in the gouge zone with trend being constant. It means that the bulk-crushing process of mineral grains in the breccia zone was predominant, whereas abrasion of mineral grains in the gouge zone took place by continuous fault activity. It means that the bulk-crushing process of mineral grains in the breccia zone was predominant, whereas abrasion of mineral grains in the gouge zone took place by continuous fault activity. Mineral compositions in the fault zone and peculiar trends in grain distribution indicate that multiple fault activity had a considerable influence on the evolution of fault zones, together with hydrothermal alteration. Meanwhile, fractal dimension values(D) in the fault rock should be used with caution because there is possibility that different values are unexpectedly obtained depending on the measurement methods available even in the same sample.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.137-151
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• 2013

This study is focused on element behaviors and mineral compositions of the fault rock developed in Yongdang-ri, Yangbuk-myeon, Gyeongju City, Korea, using XRF, ICP, XRD, and EPMA/BSE in order to better understand the chemical variations in fault rocks during the fault activity, with emphasis on dependence of chemical mobility on mineralogy across the fault zone. As one of the main components of the fault rocks, $SiO_2$ shows the highest content which ranges from 61.6 to 71.0%, and $Al_2O_3$ is also high as having the 10.8~15.8% range. Alkali elements such as $Na_2O$ and $K_2O$ are in the range of 0.22~4.63% and 2.02~4.89%, respectively, and $Fe_2O_3$ is 3.80~12.5%, indicating that there are significant variations within the fault rock. Based on the chemical characteristics in the fault rocks, it is evident that the fault gouge zone is depleted in $Na_2O$, $Al_2O_3$, $K_2O$, $SiO_2$, CaO, Ba and Sr, whereas enriched in $Fe_2O_3$, MgO, MnO, Zr, Hf and Rb relative to the fault breccia zone. Such chemical behaviors are closely related to the difference in the mineral compositions between breccia and gouge zones because the breccia zone consists of the rock-forming minerals including quartz and feldspar, whereas the gouge zone consists of abundant clay minerals such as illite and chlorite. The alteration of the primary minerals leading to the formation of the clay minerals in the fault zone was affected by the hydrothermal fluids involved in fault activity. Taking into account the fact that major, trace and rare earth elements were leached out from the precursor minerals, it is assumed that the element mobility was high during the first stage of the fault activity because the fracture zone is interpreted to have acted as a path of hydrothermal fluids. Moving toward the later stage of fault activity, the center of the fracture zone was transformed into the gouge zone during which the permeability in the fault zone gradually decreased with the formation of clay minerals. Consequently, elements were effectively constrained in the gouge zone mostly filled with authigenic minerals including clay minerals, characterized by the low element mobility.