• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.123-130
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• 2018

Many massively multiplayer online games(MMOG) use client-server architectures that have enormous server-side bandwidth requirements. In this paper, we propose a region-based hybrid game architecture that combines the advantages of client-server and peer-to-peer architectures, so that only critical events changing game state are processed by the server. In this hybrid architecture, the central server divides the game into regions and assigns a player as a regional server to distribute important updates for that region. Thus, the central server sends state updates to the players through the regional servers. All players in the same region directly exchange updates without affecting game state. This division of labor greatly reduces server bandwidth significantly and enables it to serve larger number of concurrent players. Our experiments show that the region-based hybrid architecture with three-level hierarchy scales better than the client-server architecture, saving considerable bandwidth at the central server while requiring enough bandwidth of players acting as regional servers.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.51-57
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• 2012

Pacman is known as the terminator of the loved classic game in the world. In this paper, classic pacman game without using a keyboard or a mouse we should be able to play the game with simple hand gestures. In other words, It use motion game to be a substitute for the hand direction key using the center coordinates. Also, movements of the monster is to be replaced depending on your hand movements by extracting a pointer of hand taking pictures in the MFC dialog using Cam. In this paper, YCbCbr image is convert to RGB images to extract skin color, and multiplication operations and hybrid median filtering was used in order to obtain better images. And it is used to obtain movement of the hand area based on obtain the center of gravity of the hand region.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.2286-2309
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• 2016

Overlay networks have been widely deployed upon the Internet by Service Providers (SPs) to provide improved network services. However, the interaction between each overlay and traffic engineering (TE) as well as the interaction among co-existing overlays may occur. In this paper, we adopt both non-cooperative and cooperative game theory to analyze these interactions, which are collectively called hybrid interaction. Firstly, we model a situation of the hybrid interaction as an n+1-player non-cooperative game, in which overlays and TE are of equal status, and prove the existence of Nash equilibrium (NE) for this game. Secondly, we model another situation of the hybrid interaction as a 1-leader-n-follower Stackelberg-Nash game, in which TE is the leader and co-existing overlays are followers, and prove that the cost at Stackelberg-Nash equilibrium (SNE) is at least as good as that at NE for TE. Thirdly, we propose a cooperative coalition mechanism based on Shapley value to overcome the inherent inefficiency of NE and SNE, in which players can improve their performance and form stable coalitions. Finally, we apply distinct genetic algorithms (GA) to calculate the values for NE, SNE and the assigned cost for each player in each coalition, respectively. Analytical results are confirmed by the simulation on complex network topologies.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.99-110
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• 2013

As volume rendering has been applied for computer game, the visualization of volume data with surface data in one scene has been required. Though a hybrid rendering of volume and surface data have been developed using the GPGPU functionality, computer games which run on low-level hardware are difficult to perform the hybrid rendering. In this paper, we propose a new hybrid rendering based on DirectX 9.0 and general hardware. We generate the layered depth images from surface data using a new method to reduce the depth complexity and generation time. Then, we perform the hybrid rendering using the layered depth images. In the rendering process, we suggest a new method to transform the coordinate system from a surface coordinate to a volume coorinate and propose an accelerated rendering technique. As the result, we can perform volume-surface hybrid rendering in an efficient way.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.5-14
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• 2018

Nowadays, game development of new genres continues through convergence among existing genres, and the games of this hybrid-genre are gaining popularity around the world. Following this trend, it is meaningful to analyze the characteristic contents of the existing genre for more effective genre fusion. In this paper, in the genre of survival game, a genre of digital game, we would like to select a representative survival game for analysis of survival content, which is a key goal and core of the game, to identify common and differentiated features. For this purpose, we have studied game mechanics and game dynamic components around the contents of the survival game, based on the MDA framework.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.420-438
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• 2020

Recently, with the advance of the wireless Internet access via mobile devices, a myriad of game development companies have forayed into the mobile game market, leading to intense competition. To survive in this fierce competition, mobile game developers often try to get a grasp of the rapidly changing needs of their customers by operating their own official communities where game users freely leave their requests, suggestions, and ideas relevant to focal games. Based on the heuristic-systematic model (HSM) and the data quality (DQ) framework, this study derives key content, non-content, and hybrid cues that can be utilized when game developers accept suggested postings in these online communities. The results of hierarchical multiple regression analysis show that relevancy, timeliness, amount of writing, and the number of comments are positively associated with mobile game developers' knowledge adoption. In addition, title attractiveness mitigates the relationship between amount of writing/the number of comments and knowledge adoption.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2023.01a
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• pp.79-81
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• 2023

비디오 게임 산업은 최근 몇 년 동안 폭발적인 성장을 경험했으며 글로벌 시장의 규모는 2024년까지 2,560억 달러(326조 원 이상)으로 시장규모를 예상하고 있다. 이러한 성장의 주요 요인에는 스마트폰의 발전으로 모바일 게임의 인기 증가라고 할 수 있음. 스마트폰과 태블릿의 보급이 확산되면서 사람들은 이동 중에 어디에서나 게임에 쉽게 접근하고 플레이할 수 있게 되면서 모바일 게임의 인기가 급증했다. 이러한 인기는 기존의 비디오 게임 장르에서 변형된 새로운 복합장르의 게임들을 탄생시키고 모바일 게임 시장에서 2014년부터 부각되어 온 하이퍼 캐주얼 장르의 성공사례는 이미 많은 논문이나 게임 장르에 관한 연구사례를 통하여 확인할 수 있다. 팬데믹을 계기로 급성장한 하이퍼 캐주얼 게임 시장은 최근 경쟁 심화로 수익성이 저하되면서, 그 대안으로 하이브리드 캐주얼 게임이라는 새로운 변형 장르가 주목받고 있으며 새로운 장르로 부상한 하이브리드 캐주얼 게임 장르의 정의와 이해를 돕고자 하며 향후 게임 장르의 동향 및 전망을 제시하고자 한다.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.10
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• pp.539-544
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• 2012

Most of the man-made systems can be modeled as a hybrid system which consists of both the high-level and the low-level component model. High level model is responsible for decision-making and the low-level one takes control of the mechanical component parts. Since the two models requires different interpretation method according to their type, analysis of a hybrid system becomes a difficult job. For the Analysis of the high-level model, methods for discrete event system models such as FSM can be used. On the contrary, numerical analysis techniques are required for the low-level continuous-time system model. Since it becomes a difficult thing for a modeller specifies and develops both the two-level models altogether, we propose an efficient hybrid simulation method which employs a game physics engine that has been widely and successfully used in the area of game industry.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.74-82
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• 2014

This paper aims to propose the educational concept and design model of a Smart Board Game appropriate for lower elementary grade students. The Smart Board Game refers to a hybrid, or 'convergent', game format based on the offline format of the conventional board game augmented through the use of smart devices. The substantive aspects of this game format utilize the procedural deduction and problem-solving skills applicable in storytelling methodologies and games, in order to generate and propose contents ideal for the educational environment. The development of the Smart Board Game is conducted through the following stages. First, the study analyzes a number of Smart Board Games currently popular in Korea and abroad, based on identification of the key components and processes of the board game format. The subsequent review of the science curriculum for lower elementary grades aims to determine the aspects conducive for application to Smart Board Games. Lastly, the theoretical framework outlined through the previous stages is used as the basis for the proposal of a detailed model of contents for the smart board game concept.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.526-534
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• 2014

Most of the multiplayer games available online are based on a client-server architecture because this architecture gives better administration control to the game providers than peer-to-peer architecture. In this architecture, the server is responsible for all the communication between the connected clients. The weakness of this architecture is its bandwidth requirement and scalability. Peer-to-peer architectures have then been proposed to solve these issues. In this paper, we propose a hybrid client-server architecture in which the game state is partially shared by the mobile terminal to achieve consistency among different players. Like a peer-to-peer architecture, this architecture uses client-side capacities to reduce bandwidth requirements for the server and improves consistency in wireless networks. Client events have different timeliness and consistency requirements according to their nature in the game world. These requirements lead to tasks with different priorities on CPU processing. In the proposed architecture, either the server or the client applies consistency mechanism according to the priority level. Simulation experiments show that the bandwidth of the server in this architecture is smaller than that of the client-server architecture. As a result, the server in the proposed architecture can accommodate more clients with enhancing the scalability.