• 건축역사연구
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.19-28
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• 2020

This study examines the process to demolish official buildings of Joseon Dynasty in Suwon Hwaseong during Japanese colonial period. King Jeongjo built the new Suwon city and constructed the city fortress. Hwaseong Hawnggung and other official buildings were also built in Suwon Hwaseong. However Those buildings were demolished gradually and lost their identity during Japanese colonial period. The official buildings of Hwaseong Haenggung were classified into nine parts. 1) Central area of Hwaseong Haenggung 2)Nangnamheon(落南軒) 3)Uhwaguan(于華館) 4)Namgunyeong(南軍營) 5)Bukgunyeong(北軍營) 6)Gangmudang(講武堂) 7)Yiah(貳衙) 8)Jungyeong(中營) 9) Hoeryungjun(會寧殿). Bukgunyeong was the first demolished building in Suwon Hwaseong. Nangnamheon and Hwaryungjun were not destroyed during Japanese Colonial Period. from 1910s to 1930s most official buildings were demolished and new buildings were rebuilt.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.118-118
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• 2017

A high-resolution physical map targeting a cluster of yield-related QTLs on the long arm of rice chromosome 9 was constructed across a 35.5kb region containing the six predicted genes including the probable ascorbate peroxidase (OsApx). The $BC_3F_6$ near isogenic lines (NILs) were derived from a cross between the Oryza sativa Hwaseong and O. rufipogon. The plant height and length of internodes were compared between Hwaseong and NILs. There were significant differences in plant height between Hwaseong and NILs. The NILs internodes were longer than Hwaseong, showing dramatic elongation in the first and fourth internodes; thereby, leading to increased plant height. The antioxidant activity of Hwaseong and NILs was also analyzed by 3,3-diaminobenzidine (DAB) staining and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. In order to understand whether or not OsApx gene is important in scavenging $H_2O_2$ in rice, DAB staining was used. Intense dark-brown coloration was observed in Hwaseong than NILs. In addition, DPPH scavenging ability of Hwaseong showed lower value than NILs. These results indicated that the internode elongation and antioxidant activity might possibly be controlled by OsApx. To know the causative relationship of the gene and phenotype, we will further analyze the gene expression and use it for functional studies by complementation transgenic approach.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.23-23
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• 2017

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the world's most important cereal crop. In crop plant, chlorophyll content and leaf senescence could affect grain filling and yield. We analyzed a QTL associated with chlorophyll content and delayed leaf senescence using high chlorophyll near isogenic line (HC-NIL). HC-NIL derived from a cross between Oryza sativa cv. Hwaseong as a recurrent parent and wild species O. grandiglumis as a donor parent showed higher chlorophyll content than Hwaseong. To identify QTL associated with chlorophyll content, 58 $F_3$ and 38 $F_4$ lines were developed from a cross between HC-NIL and Hwaseong. For QTL analysis, simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used for genotyping and one-way ANOVA was conducted. A QTL for chlorophyll content (qCC2) was detected in chromosome 2 and explained 24.63% of phenotypic variation. The senescence effect of the qCC2 was examined in dark-induced incubation (DII). Detached leaves from Hwaseong and HC-NIL were incubated on 3mM MES buffer (pH 5.8) at $27^{\circ}C$ under complete dark condition. After 3 days of incubation, the Hwaseong leaves turned yellow, but the HC-NIL leaves were green. HC-NIL has higher chlorophyll content with delayed senescence than Hwaseong. These results indicated that qCC2 is associated with stay-green phenotype. To know whether the qCC2 is responsible for leaf functionality, ion leakage test and Fv/Fm measurement were performed. Both experiment results showed that differences were observed between Hwaseong and HC-NIL but it was not statistically significant. These results might suggest that the qCC2 is possibly related to chlorophyll content and non-functional stay-green phenotype.

• Asia Pacific Journal of Business Review
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.35-46
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• 2020

In Hwaseong, South Korea, it is necessary to vitalize local festival by attracting local residents and tourists since 'Hwaseong Songsan Grape Festival' should be in the direction to help the influx of tourists and cultural development for the local residents. It has been known that the quality and readiness of festival affects visitor satisfaction and actual visit. However, there have been only a few studies to examine the effect of local festival on post-behavior. Hence, this study, focusing on 'Hwaseong Songsan Grape Festival'which is a representative cultural tourism festival in the region of Hwaseong, South Korea, aims to understand the visitor's post-behavior intention in terms of revisit intention and recommendation intention. The results suggest that the impact of experiential, purchase visit motivation on post-behavior were smaller than deviant, social, interest, and cultural visit motivation. It also showed that visitor satisfaction leads to revisit intention and at the same time recommendation intention. Based on the result, we suggest practical implication for the success of local festival including 'Hwaseong Songsan Grape Festival'.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2013

This study progressed an investigation on the cause of the efflorescence phenomenon of bricks in Suwon Hwaseong Fortress, which is designated as a UNESCO World Heritage by using diverse scientific analyses. The samples were taken in Hwaseong and analyzed using XRD and SEM-EDS for the material identification of efflorescence. We observed under a polarizing microscope and measured absorption factors for the basic investigation for traditional bricks. As a result of material identification, soluble salt($Na_2SO_4$, $KNO_3$) and insoluble salt($CaCO_3$) were detected. There was no big difference between original bricks and repaired bricks under the polarizing microscope. However, in terms of the water absorption rate, bricks which were used for repair nowadays showed low water absorption rate(1%). In conclusion, soluble salt and insoluble salt appeared due to an effect of an air pollution and joint mortar. Soluble salt was removed in the rainy season, but insoluble salt was not removed. As a result of the efficiency and safety tests for chemicals removing efflorescence, chemical E is likely to be the suitable chemicals for the efflorescence phenomenon of traditional bricks in Suwon Hwaseong Fortress. In the future, consideration whether the use of lime is available or not should be studied through comprehensive researches including repair work, construction work and the environment factor with lime. Also, physical, chemical identifications of repairing bricks will be required.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2015

The purpose of this paper is to estimate and deduct appropriate Hanok type within Suwon Hwaseong Fortress in which formula Hanok type has not remained. To do so, urban change according to chronology is analyzed and architectural aspect of transition is collected. By using geographic information in Suwon Hwaseong Fortress, present urban structural density, status of architecture and chronological aspect of transition in one-story buildings is surveyed. Through these data, appropriate Hanok form and density to the area is suggested. As a result, Hanok with two or more stories is economically suitable because its average plottage is excessively narrow. And back trowelling is desirable to construct walls in some concentrated areas with Hanok through arrangement of construction. Also in the other building sites, Hanoks are formed by a standard for separation to the property line. However it is necessary that exist standard about separation of property line is institutionally alleviated.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.96-100
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• 2011

다양한 느타리버섯 품종간의 교잡을 하였으며 균상재배용으로서 유용한 특성을 갖는 느타리버섯 품종을 육종코자하였다. 그 중 화성1호에서 단핵균을 분리한 후 수한1호 이핵균과 di-mono교배법으로 육성된 MST247ns가, 세균성 갈변병에 약하고 저온기 재배시 어려움이 많은 수한1호의 단점을 보완하면서 우수한 특성을 가지므로 최종 선발하여 "화성2호"로 명명하였다. 수한1호와 비교하여 대가 길고 조직이 무르지 않고 단단하였다. 화성2호는 중고온성인 수한1호와 비교하여 낮은 온도에서도 갓이 작고 대가 길며 저장성이 좋은 특성을 더욱 잘 나타내었다. 이러한 특성은 시장에서 선호하는 버섯으로서, 낮은 온도에서의 재배관리가 비교적 용이한 가을철에서 이른봄철까지 농가에서의 난방비 부담을 줄여주며 양질의 버섯을 생산할 수 있어 농가의 소득증대에 많은 도움을 줄 것으로 기대된다. '화성2호'의 주요특성으로는 가. 적정 균사배양온도는 $25-30^{\circ}C$이다. 나. 버섯발생 온도는 $8-15^{\circ}C$, 자실체의 적정 생육온도는 $9-14^{\circ}C$으로 가을철부터 봄철까지의 기간에 재배하기에 좋은 품종이다. 다. 수한1호와 비교하여 대가 길고, 갓은 얕은 깔때기형이다. 라. 낮은 온도에서 재배시에도 대가 길고 곧으며 대의 표면이 백색이며 조직이 단단하면서 탄력이 있으므로 저온기의 생육관리가 비교적 쉽고 저장성이 우수하다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.61-74
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• 2007

A mathematical modeling program called Hydrological Simulation Program-FORTRAN (HSPF) developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was applied to Hwaseong watershed. It was run under BASINS (Better Assessment Science for Integrating Point and Nonpoint Sources) program, and the model was validated using monitoring data of $2002{\sim}2005$. The model efficiency of runoff ranged from good to fair in comparison between simulated and observed data, while it was from very good to poor in the water quality parameters. But its reliability and performance were within the expectation considering complexity of the watershed and pollutant sources. The nonpoint source (NPS) loading for T-N and T-P during the monsoon rainy season (June to September) was about 80% of total NPS loading, and runoff volume was also in a similar range. However, NPS loading for BOD ($55{\sim}60%$) didn't depend on rainfall because BOD was mostly discharged from point source (more than 70%). And water quality was not necessarily high during the rainy season, and showed a decreasing trend with increasing water flow. BASINS/HSPF was applied to the Hwaseong watershed successfully without difficulty, and it was found that the model could be used conveniently to assess watershed characteristics and to estimate pollutant loading including point and nonpoint sources in watershed scale.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.80-87
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• 2009

품종 및 재배지역에 따른 생리활성성분(isoflavone, anthocyanin 및 tocopherol 함량, 항산화 활성)변이를 구명하여, 생리활성성분 고함유 품종선발과 생리활성성분 축적에 유리한 재배지역을 발굴하여 지역특화작목으로 선정하기 위한 기초자료로 활용하고자 연구한 결과는 다음과 같다. 100립중은 품종간에는 차이 없었으나, 지역간에는 2004년에는 뚜렷한 차이를 보였으나, 2005년에는 화성이나 진주보다 나주에서 현저하게 가벼웠다. 총 isoflavone 함량은 2004년에는 일품검정콩이 $1,064.9{\mu}g/g$으로 청자콩의 $801.3{\mu}g/g$에 비해 높았으나, 2005년에는 오히려 일품검정콩에 비해 청자콩이 높았다. 재배지역간에는 2004년에는 두 품종 모두 화성지역에서 뚜렷하게 높았으나, 2005년에는 진주지역이 화성이나 나주보다 현저하게 높았다. 총 anthocyanin 함량은 품종 간에는 일품검정콩이 7.22 mg/g으로 청자콩의 6.83 mg/g에 비해 높았으며, 재배지역간에는 진주지역에서 9.16 mg/g으로 나주, 화성지역에 비해 가장 높았다. 총 tocopherol 함량은 품종 간에는 큰 차이가 없었으며, 지역 간에는 화성, 진주지역이 각각 $217.2{\mu}g/g$, $216.3{\mu}g/g$으로 나주지역 $189.7{\mu}g/g$에 비해 높았다. tocopherol 성분비율은 $\gamma$-tocopherol이 $56.2{\sim}59.9%$로 가장 높았다. 전자공여능은 품종간에는 일품검정콩이 청자콩보다, 지역간에는 화성이나 진주보다 나주에서 EDA 값이 55.6%로 가장 높았다.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.303-319
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• 2013

본 연구는 화성시에 입지한 초 중학교를 사례로 하여 급식품의 원산지 공급지역의 계절별 변동을 파악하고 급식품 마일리지의 변화를 산출하여 그 공간구조를 밝히는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 본 연구에 사용된 자료는 연구대상 학교의 급식품 대장이었고, 급식품 공급의 계절적 변화를 파악하기 위해 3, 6, 9, 12월을 대상으로 했다. 화성시 초 중학교 급식품은 공급자들의 수의계약, 제한경쟁, 견적입찰로 4개의 급식품 공급의 공간구조를 형성하였는데, 이는 지산지소의 화성시 곡식류를 중심으로 경기도의 친환경 채소류, 국내의 친환경 채소류와 과일류, 일반 과채류, 해외의 수입산 가공식품과 농산물로 공급의 분화형태를 나타내었다. 이를 식품 마일리지로 보면, 화성시를 중심으로 각각 약 17톤${\cdot}km$, 약 26톤${\cdot}km$, 약 11,000톤${\cdot}km$의 권 구조를 형성하여 급식품 공급의 공간구조는 곡식류와 친환경 농산물 및 수입산 가공식품과 농산물 공급량의 차이에 의해 결정된다는 것이 밝혀졌다.