• Entomological Research
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.416-428
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• 2018

To gain an insight into the function of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in insects during thermal stress, three HSP cDNAs were identified in the transcriptome of adult Heortia vitessoides, one of the most destructive defoliating pests in Aquilaria sinensis (Loureiro) Sprenger forests. The open reading frames of HvHsp60, HvHsp70, and HvHsp90 were 1,719, 2,070, and 2,151 bp in length, respectively, and encoded proteins with molecular weights of 61.05, 75.02, and 82.23 kDa, respectively. Sequence analysis revealed that all three HSPs were highly conserved in structure. Regarding the stage-specific expression profiles, HvHsp60, HvHsp70, and HvHsp90 mRNAs were detected in all developmental stages. Regarding the tissue-specific expression profiles, the expression levels of the three HSP genes were different in various larval and adult tissues. Moreover, the expression patterns of heat-stressed larvae, pupae, and adults indicated that HvHsp60, HvHsp70, and HvHsp90 were heat-inducible. In particular, HvHsp60 transcripts increased dramatically in larvae and pupae that were heat-stressed at $40^{\circ}C$ and were upregulated in adults that were heat-stressed at $35^{\circ}C$ and $40^{\circ}C$. The expression of HvHsp70 significantly increased in all of the three different developmental stages at $35^{\circ}C$, $40^{\circ}C$, and $45^{\circ}C$. The expression of HvHsp90 obviously increased at $30^{\circ}C$, $35^{\circ}C$, and $40^{\circ}C$ in larvae and could be induced at $35^{\circ}C$ in pupae and adults. The results suggest that HSP60, HSP70, and HSP90 play a major role in protecting H. vitessoides against high-temperature stress.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.95-99
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 고온 환경에서의 대칭형 HV-MOSFET과 비대칭형 HV-MOSFET 구동 소자들의 채널길이, 확장 드레인 영역의 길이의 변화에 따른 전기적 특성변화를 실험을 통해 분석 하였으며 각각의 구조별로 고온 환경에서 확장 드레인의 길이와 채널 길이의 변화에 따른 전기적 특성을 분석하였다. 실험 결과 비대칭 구조는 400K의 온도에서 드레인 전류가 300K에서 보다 약 25% 이상 감소하였고, 트랜스 컨덕턴스는 약 40% 감소, 온 저항은 약 30% 증가 하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 변화는 주로 온도 증가에 따른 캐리어 이동도의 감소에 따른 현상으로 사료 된다. 대칭 구조의 경우는 비대칭 구조보다 드레인 전류와 트랜스 컨덕턴스의 변화폭이 적었으며 각각 20%, 35%감소를 보였으며, 온 저항은 확장 드레인영역이 길어져 35%의 더 큰 증가량을 보였다. 주로 고온 환경에서 동작하는 고전압 MOSFET(HV-MOSFET)의 설계 시에는 고온 환경을 고려한 소자의 설계가 요구되며, 각 설계변수의 최적화가 필요하다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.189-198
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• 1997

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of medium chain fatty acid salts, reported as enhancers in insulin nasal absorption, on the rectal absorption of insulin in rats. The serum glucose and remained insulin level in perfusate were measured after rectal recirculation of insulin with or without sod. laurate, sod. caprate and sod. caprylate in situ. The addition of sod. laurate or sod. caprate reduced serum glucose concentration considerably. Sod. caprate (1.0%) showed the greatest promoting effect on the decrement of serum glucose. Eudispert hv hydrogels containing insulin with medium chain fatty acid salts were, thereby, prepared and evaluated. The release rate of insulin from Eudispert hv hydrogels was reduced with an increase in the content of Eudispert hv, and was raised with increasing NaOH concentration. Ten percent Eudispert hv hydrogels were offered for the rectal administration of insulin. The addition of 1.0% sod. caprate reduced serum glucose concentration remarkably after rectal administration of 10% Eudispert hv hydrogels containing insulin. The level of glucose decrement was greater by 30% compared to subcutaneous administration of insulin solution. From the above findings, Eudispert hv hydrogels would be used as useful rectal delivery systems of insulin.

• 분석과학
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.257-262
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• 2005

미토콘드리아 DNA(mtDNA) 상의 조절부위(control region)에는 HV1과 HV2와 같은 과변이부위(hypervariable region)가 있으며, 이 부위에서 사람마다 차이가 나는 많은 SNPs(single nucleotide polymorphism)을 발견할 수 있다. mtDNA 염기서열 분석은 개인식별 및 백골화된 시신등의 신원확인에 유용하게 사용되어왔다. mtDNA상의 cytochrome b(cytb) 유전자는 분자계통학(molecular phylogenetics) 분야에 널리 이용되고 있으며, 법과학 분야에서의 동물 종식별은 다양한 사건 현장 증거물의 인수식별 뿐 아니라 불법 유통되고 있는 각종 동물성 건강식품, 의약품의 원료 규명 및 보호 종의 밀렵 증명 등에 유용하게 적용될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 광범위한 동물의 cytochrome b 유전자를 증폭할 수 있는 primer sets (H14724/L15149)와 사람에 특이적인 HV1 부위 primer set (H15997/L16236)를 이용한 동시 증폭을 통해 먼저 사람과 동물을 구별하였고, cytb 증폭산물의 직접 DNA 염기서열 분석을 통해 종식별을 수행하였다. H14724/L15149 primer pair는 닭과 오리를 제외하고 사람, 소, 돼지, 개, 고양이, 생쥐, 쥐의 cytb를 증폭할 수 있었으며, H14841/L15149 primer pair는 닭과 오리도 증폭할 수 있었다. 효모, 곤충 및 세균은 모두 증폭산물이 생산되지 않았으며, H15997/L16236의 경우 사람의 HV1만이 선택적으로 증폭되었다. 또한 실제 사건의 예에서와 같이 본 연구가 혈흔의 종식별에 매우 유용함을 보여주었다.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.51.1-51.10
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• 2021

Background: Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is a highly fatal lymphoproliferative disease of cattle, deer, bison, water buffalo, and pigs caused by the gamma-herpesviruses alcelaphine herpesvirus-1 (AlHV-1) and ovine herpesvirus-2 (OvHV-2). Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of OvHV-2 in sheep, goats, cattle, and buffalo in Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan, by applying molecular and phylogenetic methods. Methods: Blood samples were aspirated from sheep (n = 54), goat (n = 50), cattle (n = 46) and buffalo (n= 50) at a slaughterhouse and several farms. The samples were subjected to heminested polymerase chain reaction (PCR), followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the OvHV-2 POL gene and the OvHV-2 ORF75 tegument protein gene. Results: The highest percentage of MCF positive samples was in sheep (13%), whereas goat, cattle, and buffalo had lower positive percentages, 11%, 9%, and 6.5%, respectively. Four OvHV-2-positive PCR products obtained from sheep samples were sequenced. The sequences obtained were submitted to the NCBI GenBank database (MK852173 for the POL gene; MK840962, MK852171, and MK852172 for the ORF75 tegument protein gene). Phylogenetic analysis revealed a close similarity of study sequences with those of worldwide samples. Conclusions: This study is the first cross-sectional study on the prevalence and molecular detection of OvHV-2 in apparently healthy cattle and buffalo that could be carrying OvHV-2 acquired from OvHV-2-positive sheep and goats. The results indicate that OvHV-2 is circulating in Pakistan. Further studies are needed to characterize OvHV-2 and elucidate further its prevalence.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2019

Background: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of fertilization with the application of mixed organic matter after cultivating green manure crops on the growth and saponin content of Codonopsis lanceolata Trautv. Methods and Results: Five type of cultivation of green manure crops were done: hairy vetch as a single seedling crop (HV), hairy vetch and rye as a mixture of seedling (HV/R), additional fertilization with mixed organic matter after cultivation of a seedling mixture (HV/R/MO), chemical fertilizer (CF), and a non-treated control (NT). The total nitrogen content was the highest in the HV/R/MO treatment, followed by the HV, CF, HV/R and NT treatments, respectively. Nitrogen fixation was higher in the single seedling treatment with hairy vetch (HV) than in the treatment with a mixture of hairy vetch and rye seedling (HV/R). Moreover, the growth of C. lanceolata was greatly increased by the application of additional fertilizer after treatment with the mixture of hairy vetch and rye seedlings. The HV/R/MO treatment produced the highest total lancemaside content among the treatments, followed by HV, HV/R, CF, and NT, respectively. Conclusions: It was verified that C. lanceolata experienced superior growth with the application of mixed organic matter as additional fertilizer after the cultivation of green manure crops, and the content of its major saponins, lancemasides were also increased by this treatment.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.346-352
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• 2004

Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate-co­3-Hydroxyvalerate), poly(3HB-co-3HV), copolyesters with a variety of 3HV contents (ranging from 17 to $60\;mol\%$) were produced by Alcaligenes sp. MT-16 grown on a medium containing glucose and levulinic acid in various ratios, and the effects of hydrophilicity and crystallinity on the degradability of the copolyesters were evaluated. Measurements of thermo-mechanical pro­perties and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy in the attenuated total reflectance revealed that the hydrophilicity and crystallinity of poly(3HB-co-3HV) copolyesters decreased as 3HV content in the copolyester increased. When the prepared copolyester film samples were non-enzymatically hydrolysed in 0.01 N NaOH solution, the weights of all samples were found to have undergone no changes over a period of 20 weeks. In contrast, the copolyester film samples were degraded by the action of extra­cellular polyhydroxybutyrate depolymerase from Emericellopsis minima W2. The overall rate of weight loss was higher in the films containing higher amounts of 3HV, suggesting that the enzymatic degra­dation of the copolyester is more dependent on the crystallinity of the copolyester than on its hydro­philicity. Our results suggest that the degradability characteristics of poly(3HB-co-3HV) copolyesters, as well as their thermo-mechanical properties, are greatly influenced by the 3HV content in the copoly­esters.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2001년도 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.321-324
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• 2001

R. eutropha 의 PHA 생합성 유전자를 포함하는 플라스미드 pSYLl07을 가진 재조합 대장균 GCSC6576 과 A. latus PHA 생합성 유전자를 포함하는 플라스미드 pJC4 한 가진 fadR atoC 돌연변이주 재조합 대장균 LS5218 의 유청으로부터 P(3HB- co -3HV) 합성을 비교하였다. 재조합 대장균 LS5218의 pH-stat 유가식 배양결괴 39 시간에 균체농도 31.8 g/L. P(3HB-co-3HV) 농도 10.6 g/L. P(3HB-co-3HV) 함량 33.4 wt%. 3HV 함량 6.26 mol%를 얻을 수 있었다.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.127-133
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• 1997

Biosynthesis of polyhydroxybutyrate and copolymer consisting of 3-hydroxybutyrate and 3-hydroxyvalerate [poly(3HB-co-3HV)] by Bacillus thuringiensis R-510 grown with glucose or with mixtures of glucose and propionate was investigated. n-Alkanoic acids other than propionate were not precursors of 3HV units. The fraction of 3HV unit in the copolymer increased from 0 to 84 mol% of 3HV. Polymer yield decreased as the fraction of propionate was increased but the molecular weight distribution was not affected by the composition of carbon substrate. The minimum melting temperature (around 65.deg.C) of poly (3HB-co-3HV) copolymers was observed for the polymer bearing approximately 35 mol% of 3HV. Polyhydroxyalkanoates production by this organism was not dependent on nutritional limitation, but remarkably influenced by dissolved oxygen concentration in the culture medium. Low level of dissolved oxygen concentration prevented spore formation in the cells and stimulated the synthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoate. The composition of poly (3HB-co-3HV) produced by B. thuringiensis R-510 lyhydroxyalkanoate. The composition of poly(3HB-co-3HV) propduced by B. thuringiensis R-510 varied according to the growth time. However, there was no evidence that polymers isolated from cells were mixtures of immiscible polymers.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.383-388
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• 2018

Goldfish hematopoietic necrosis (GHN) affects hematopoietic organs and causes high mortality in goldfish. The causative agent of GHN is cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (CyHV-2). The purpose of this study was to detect CyHV-2 in ornamental cyprinid fish. CyHV-2 monitoring was conducted on a monthly basis for 1 year using goldfish Carassius auratus and pearlscale goldfish Carassius auratus that had been cultured at a domestic aquafarm and imported from Singapore, respectively. The results of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays using specific primers for the CyHV-2 helicase gene showed that 27.8% of goldfish and 33.3% of pearlscale goldfish were positive for CyHV-2. No cytophatic effects were detected in koi fin or common carp brain cells inoculated with tissue homogenates from either fish. Our data provides the useful data for establishing future quarantine and disinfection policies.