• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.24 no.9
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• pp.1245-1248
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• 2020

Elderly people living alone need smart care for independent living. Recent advances in artificial intelligence have allowed for easier interaction by a computer-controlled virtual human. This technology can realize services such as medicine intake guide for the elderly living alone. In this paper, we suggest an intelligent virtual human and present our virtual human toolkit for controlling virtual humans for a senior citizen living alone. To make the virtual human motion, we suggest our authoring toolkit to map gestures, emotions, voices of virtual humans. The toolkit configured to create virtual human interactions allows the response of a suitable virtual human with facial expressions, gestures, and voice.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

We compared the dietary behaviors and living habits of Han Children living in both China and Korea to find any influences from the different living environments. Three hundred $5^{th}$ and $6^{th}$ -grade children in China and two hundred thirty three $5^{th}$ and $6^{th}$ -grade children in a Chinese school in Korea were surveyed via questionnaire. Mean BMI was higher and sleeping hours were lower in the children living in Korea compared to the children living in China. Mean age and education level of the parents were higher in the children living in Korea. Most of the dietary behaviors discovered via the questionnaire showed similar tendencies in the two groups. However, in terms of skipping breakfast, deviating in food habits, snacking before sleeping, and snacking right after eating a meal, the children living in Korea showed significantly higher frequencies. Also, children living in Korea showed significantly lower frequencies of overeating, snacking while watching TV or using the computer, and eating food when stressed, than children living in China. In living habits, children living in Korea do less regular exercise and use buses or cars more frequently for short distance transportation and spend more time to watch TV or computer than the children living in China. Therefore, it seems that different living environments may somewhat influence the dietary behaviors and living habits of children even if they have the same ethnic background.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.131-152
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• 2012

The aims of this study were to analyze middle-aged households' financial preparation for retirement. Specifically, this study surveyed the relation between human capital investment for children and the middle-aged households' financial preparation for retirement and investigated factors influencing financial preparation for retirement. Data were obtained from the 3rd Korean Retirement and Income Study (KReIS) in 2009, and a sample of 757 households was selected. The statistical methods were frequency, percentile, mean, standard deviation, ${\chi}^2$, t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and logistic regression analysis. The findings of this study are as follows. First, the percentile of preparation for living costs for old age was 49.9% for the middle-aged households. In terms of the types of preparation for living costs for old age, the results showed 61.6% of personal preparation, 33.9% of pension system, and 1.3% for children and relatives. In relation to the adequacy of the preparations for living costs for old age, preparations made by 57.4% of the middle-aged households were inadequate. Observing the minimum living costs for old age and adequate living costs after retirement for single and couple, the minimum living costs of the middle-aged households was 1.46 million won for couple and 0.91 million won for single. The adequate living costs for old age was 2.07 million won for couple and 1.34 million won for single. Second, there were 757 households with total education expenditure. Of these, 208 incurred annual expenditure on public education, and the annual expenditure for public education was 7.28 million won. There were 170 households with annual expenditure for private education, and the annual expenditure for private education was 2.50 million won. 243 households of middle-aged households had annual expenditure for human capital investment, including both public and private education, with annual expenditure for human capital investment for children of 7.82 million won. Furthermore, in the human capital investment factor, there was a difference in the middle-aged households' financial preparation for retirement according to their annual expenditure for human capital investment including both public and private education. In addition, there was a difference in financial preparation for retirement based on their public education expenditure. Third, in the logistic regression model 1, which included human capital investment, the significant variables affecting the preparation for retirement of the middle-aged households were as follows : annual household income, total amount of annual household income, experience of inadequate living costs, existence of financial assets, total amount of annual household savings, financial independence, adequate living costs (for single) for old age, and human capital investment. In the logistic regression model 2, which included annual expenditure for public education and annual expenditure for private education, the significant variables affecting the preparation for retirement of the middle-aged households were as follows : annual household income, total amount of annual household income, experience of inadequate living costs, existence of financial assets, total amount of annual household savings, financial independence, adequate living costs (for single) for old age, and annual expenditure for public education.

• Proceedings of the KSCN Conference
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• 2004.12a
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• pp.136-136
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• 2004

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.12-22
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of householder's job status m the family life style. Data was collected from 475 parents in Chonbuk province by using a self administered questionnaire from June 10 to 30, 1998. Frequencies, percentages, and averages were calculated T-test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression analysis were followed. The results were as follows; 1. The families who suffered householders' job loss were 1/4 of the respondents and over 4/5 of the families felt economic stresses. 1/3 of the respondents had debts and 1/5 had not any savings. Most of the families were in good or normal marriage relationships, experienced economic crises, and had sparing habit. 2. In out-of-job families, couple cohension, couple satisfaction, and total marriage relationships were lower than in-job families. Also, out-of-job families spared more in buying and using clothes and foods, total clothes living and total food living. 3. In out-of-job families, the economic pressures on marriage relationships, clothes living, and food living were stronger than in-job families. 4. Family resources such as savings, ordinary marriage relationships, and sparing habit effected on the marriage relationships, clothes living, and food living in out-of-job families and in-job families. (Korean J Human Ecology 1(2):12∼22. 1998)

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.237-253
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to examine the relative deprivation of the households in poverty, comparing with the households in non-poverty, and to find out the characteristics of household groups by the level of relative deprivation. The data for this study was from the 6th Korea Welfare Panel Survey(KOWEPS), consisting of total 5,552 households. The results are as follows: There were statistically significant differences in the objective cost of living, the subjective minimum cost of living, and the subjective adequate cost of living between households in poverty and households in non-poverty. There was statistically significant difference in the relative deprivation between households in poverty and households in non-poverty. Poverty was the factor for the relative deprivation of households.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.491-504
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• 2005

This research studies the residential environment of the elderly and its trend. Our main focus is on the residential condition and its type between parents and their child/ren in korea which has already entered the aging society. The results are as follows: (1) This paper finds that the residence type of the households with elderly people becomes multifarious, as in a two-generation household, a couple and their single child, a couple family, etc. (2) The parents living separately from their child/ren account for 63.3%, which is becoming predominant in the residence type of the elderly. On the other hand, those living with their child/ren take up merely 24.5%. Thus, we can infer that the number of the parents with the former type is on the increase. (3) The residence type in reality is different from the one intended by elderly people, so we can estimate future change in the residence type. (4) The residence type varies, as in living together with young family, living separately from young family, separation at a distance, etc. In conclusion, we need appropriate living programs for each various residence type between elderly people and their children.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.53-60
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• 1998

The purposes of this study are to investigate the leisure life, focused on the leisure participation of the elderly living alone or living with their spouse in Chungbuk, and to provide some suggestions from the perspective of the well-being of the elderly. Two hundred fourty four elderly persons were selected, and questionnaire was utilized for collecting data. The results are as follows: The elderly who were living alone or living with their spouse frequently participated in time spending activities and family oriented activities. The structure of leisure participation differed significantly according to the respondent's age, educational level, health status, and monthly average income. The significant independent variables influencing the leisure participation of the elderly were educational level and monthly average income, and further, the most important variable in influencing the elderly leisure participation was the educational level.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2010

Furniture is a medium to interconnect the living space to human, and it is the closest environmental element that limits the functions of the space, defines the style of the living, and adjusts the actions and behaviors of human. Therefore the furniture can be said to be one of the craft arts that reflects the culture and living style as they are according to the periodical, regional, and social stratum characteristics. Within this context, this study tries to suggest new design and living culture that can harmonize with the modern residence living culture and incorporate the traditional varnishing technique with lacquer that had been discontinued. Coming to the modern days, the varnishing with lacquer is getting attention again with its environment friendly characteristics and antibiotic functions, and is being applied to various applications. To inherit and maintain such an excellent traditional culture, I would like to improve the practicality by applying to modern furniture, and to contribute to develop and tell the world about the superiority of our culture.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.83-93
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• 2006

The purpose of this research is to analyze the perception and satisfaction of QOL (Quality of Life) in daily living activities in the area of Hongseung-gun. The subjects included 467 residents in the area. The results of this study are as follows: First, the factors affecting the satisfaction with daily living activities were three types such as social system & welfare service, living convenience & cultural service, and public administration & medical service. Second, those who are young, females, highly educated, and holding professional jobs showed lower satisfaction of QOL than their counterparts. Lastly, the surveyees were more satisfied with public administration & medical service than social system & welfare service and living convenience & cultural service. The results of this study can be applied to the decision-making of public administration and welfare-policy.