• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.445-454
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• 2003

Concept and establishment of essential amino acids in animals and human beings rendered immeasurable contributions to animal production and human health. In ruminant animals, however, essential amino acids have never been completely established. The present review proposes a hypothesis that histidine may not be an essential amino acid for normal growing cattle (Japanese black) at least at the growing stage after about 450 kg of body weight on the basis of the experimental results of histidinol dehydrogenase activities in some tissues of the cattle together with hints from which the hypothesis was derived. At the same time, histidinol dehydrogenase activities in liver, kidney and muscle of swine, mouse, fowl and wild duck will be shown and the essentiality of histidine in these animals will be discussed. Finally, the essentiality of histidine for adult human will briefly be discussed.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.68-73
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• 2004

Ferritin is an iron storage protein found in most living organisms. For expression and industrial use, human light chain ferritin (L-ferritin) was cloned from human liver cDNA library and expressed in Pichia pastoris strain GS115. The recombinant L-ferritin in Pichia pastoris was glycosylated. In a fed-batch culture, the cell mass reached about 57 g/l of dry cell weight, and the L-ferritin in the cell was increased to about 95 mg/l after 150 h. In an atomic absorption spectrometry analysis, the intracellular content of iron in the L-ferritin transformant was measured as $1,694{\pm}85\;\mu\textrm{g}g/g$, which is 5.4-fold more than that of the control strain. This L-ferritin transformant could serve as iron-fortified nutrients in animal feed stock.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.987-992
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• 1998

This study was investigated to observe the cytotoxicity effect of Ligularia fischeri extracts against cancer cell lines including human lung carcinoma(A549), human cervix epitheloid carcinoma(HeLa) and human hepatocellular carcinoma(HepG2) using SRB(sulforhodamine B) method. The ethanol and methanol extracts of 1$\mu\textrm{g}$/${mu}ell$ showed approximately 79.2% and 86.4% cytotoxicity effects on HepG2 cell line and the ethyl acetate fracton fractionated from ethanol extracts showed the strongest cytotoxicity effect with 94% inhibition. The inhibitory effect of ethanol extract on HeLa cell line was somewhat low with 50~56% inhibition, but ethyl acetate fraction showed higher cytotoxicity effect with 91% and 91.9% inhibition on the HeLa and A549 cell line. On the contrary, the ethanol and methanol extracts showed the lower inhibition effects on the normal liver cell, WRL68, compared to human cancer cell lines.

• 약학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.366-377
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• 2001

Persistent organochlorine pesticides has been used intensively in agriculture for a long time. The occurrence of organochlorine pesticides in the environment and subsequently in parts of the food chains, results in the intake of these compounds by human and animal. The measurement of the levels of organochlorine pesticides in tissues or blood of human populations is a good marker in evaluating the extent of exposure and hazards. So, most countries have conducted initial monitoring programs to determine organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in human tissues. But, in Korea, a few research has been reported. In this study, the legally prohibited organochlorines, such as, $\alpha$-BHC, $\beta$-BHC, ${\gamma}$-BHC, $\delta$-BHC, p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDE, endrin, dieldrin and aldrin were determined in human blood, brain, adipose tissue, kidney cortex and liver tissues collected at autopsy of 10 men and 10 women, 16~65 years of age. Almost all the organochlorine pesticides mentioned previously were determined in human tissue samples indicated that they have been widely distributed in Korean human body. No significant difference was found in the levels of organochlorine pesticides between sexes, districts and ages.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.386-398
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• 2020

Tissue fibrosis is an eventual pathologic change of numerous chronic illnesses, which is characterized by resident fibroblasts differentiation into myofibroblasts during inflammation, coupled with excessive extracellular matrix deposition in tissues, ultimately leading to failure of normal organ function. Now, there are many mechanistic insights into the pathogenesis of tissue fibrosis, which facilitate the discovery of effective antifibrotic drugs. Moreover, many chronic diseases remain a significant clinical unmet need. For the past five years, many research works have undoubtedly addressed the functional dependency of ginsenosides in different types of fibrosis and the successful remission in various animal models treated with ginsenosides. Caveolin-1, interleukin, thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), liver X receptors (LXRs), Nrf2, microRNA-27b, PPARδ-STAT3, liver kinase B1 (LKB1)-AMPK, and TGF-β1/Smads are potential therapy targeting using ginsenosides. Ginsenosides can play a targeting role and suppress chronic inflammatory response, collagen deposition, and epitheliale-mesenchymal transition (EMT), as well as myofibroblast activation to attenuate fibrosis. In this report, our aim was to focus on the therapeutic prospects of ginsenosides in fibrosis-related human diseases making use of results acquired from various animal models. These findings should provide important therapeutic clues and strategies for the exploration of new drugs for fibrosis treatment.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.242-247
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• 2005

Caseinomacropeptide (CMP) is a glycopeptide of 64 amino acid residues derived from the C-terminal of mammalian milk K-casein. Recently, human CMP (hCMP) was produced from the recombinant yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this study, the antiobesity activity of the recombinant hCMP (rhCMP) was investigated in vivo using Sprague-Dawley rats. The rhCMP did not affect the rats fed with a normal fat diet (fat content, $5.0\%$), but decreased the body weight gain of the rats fed with a high fat diet (fat content, $20\%$) by up to $19\%$. Autopsies revealed that the weights of the liver, kidney and adipose tissues decreased when the rats were given the rhCMP, which also reduced the lipid concentrations in the plasma and liver, but enhanced the fecal excretion of lipids. These results suggest that rhCMP prevent the accumulation of lipid by stimulating its fecal excretion, so could be used as a food supplement to alleviate the obesity problem caused by a high fat diet.

• 생약학회지
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• 제38권2호통권149호
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• pp.176-180
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• 2007

Five liglans, sauchinone (1), di-0-methyltetrahydrofuriguaiacin B (2), manassantin A (3), manassantin B (4) and saucerneol B (5), have been isolated from the MeOH extract of Saururus chinesis roots. The evaluation for protective effect of compounds 1-5 against tacrine-induced cytotoxicity in human liver-derived Hep G2 cells was conducted. Compounds 1,2, and 5 showed significant protective effects with the EC$_{50}$ values of74.2${\pm}$0.9, 111.3${\pm}$0.8,64.3${\pm}$0.8 ${\mu}$M, respectively. Silybin, one of the well-known hepatoprotective agents, used as a positive control, and also showed protective effect with an EC$_{50}$ value of 86.2${\pm}$0.5 ${\mu}$M.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.78-84
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• 2002

Taurine (2-ethaneaminosulfonic acid, $^+{NH}_3{CH_2}{CH_2}{SO_3^{-}}$) is endogenous amino acid with functions as modulator of osmoregulation, antioxidation, detoxification, transmembrane calcium transport, and a free radical scavenger in mammalian tissues. Taurine transporter(TAUT) contains 12 transmembrane helices, which are typical of the $Na^+$- and $Cl^-$-dependent transporter gene family, and has been cloned recently from several species and tissues. To analyze the expression of TAUT mRNA, one step RT-PCR was performed from human and mouse cultured cell lines and from various mouse tissues. The primers were designed to encode highly conserved amino acid sequences at the second transmembrane domain and at the fourth and fifth intracellular domains. RT-PCR analysis showed both of the human intestine HT-29 and mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cell lines expressed mRNA of TAUT. To define the expression patterns of the TAUT mRNA in the murine organs, RT-PCR was performed to detect cDNA representing TAUT mRNA from seven different mouse tissues. The TAUT was detected in all of the mouse tissues analyzed such as heart, lung, thymus, kidney, liver, spleen and brain. A large amount of transcript was fecund from heart, liver, spleen, kidney, and brain, while lung contained a very small amount of transcript.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.688-696
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• 2018

Ginseng and probiotics have anti-obesity effects in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Absorption of ginsenoside and colonization of probiotics occur in the intestine. In this study, a mixture of fermented ginseng and two probiotics, Bifidobacterium longum BORI and Lactobacillus paracasei CH88, was administered to HFD-fed mice for 9 weeks. The mixture significantly suppressed weight gain (p < 0.05, n = 8) and lipid deposition in the liver and adipose tissues as well as increased the mice's food intake. The adipocyte size of the adipose tissue was significantly decreased in the mixture-fed group, especially when 0.5% fermented ginseng and $5{\times}10^8/ml$ of the two probiotics were used (p < 0.05, n = 10). The expression of TNF-${\alpha}$ in adipose tissue was efficiently downregulated in the mixture-fed group (p < 0.05, n = 4). The supplement also improved the mice's fasting blood glucose levels (p < 0.05, n = 8) and total cholesterol feces excretion (p < 0.05, n = 8). The mixture of fermented ginseng and B. longum BORI and L. paracasei CH88 could have an anti-obesity effect and suppress lipid deposit in the liver and adipose tissues.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제33권11호
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• pp.1202-1208
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• 2009

An inverse finite element (FE) model parameter estimation algorithm can be used to characterize mechanical properties of biological tissues. Using this algorithm, we can consider the influence of material nonlinearity, contact mechanics, complex boundary conditions, and geometrical constraints in the modeling. In this study, biomechanical experiments on macro and micro samples are conducted and characterized with the developed algorithm. Macro scale experiments were performed to measure the force response of porcine livers against mechanical loadings using one-dimensional indentation device. The force response of the human liver cancer cells was also measured by the atomic force microscope (AFM). The mechanical behavior of porcine livers (macro) and human liver cancer cells (micro) were characterized with the algorithm via hyperelastic and linear viscoelastic models. The developed models are suitable for computing accurate reaction force on tools and deformation of biomechanical tissues.