• 디자인학연구
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.91-98
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• 2006

제품의 융합과 그 사용 환경의 복잡화로 인하여 다양한 감각을 활용해서 제품과 교감하는 다중 인터페이스의 필요성이 제기되고 있다. 전통적이고 일반적인 정보의 습득에는 시각이 압도적으로 많이 활용되었으나 디지털 네트워크 기술을 기반으로 발달할 미래 정보 사회에서는 보다 편리하고 합리적인 제품의 사용을 위하여 다양한 감각의 활용이 요구될 것이다. 정보 전달에 있어서 시각과 더불어 점차적으로 활용 가능성이 높아지고 있는 청각은 그 쓰임새가 더욱 넓어지고 또한 다양한 방식으로 발전될 것이다. 이러한 배경을 바탕으로 본 연구에서는 정보의 전달에서 사용되는 문자언어와 음성언어의 특성과 그에 대한 반응에 있어서 남성과 여성의 차이점의 비교분석에 관한 연구가 수행되었다. 이를 위하여 일단 언어를 구성하는 여러 가지 요소에 대한 문헌자료의 연구를 수행하였다. 이어서 시각과 청각의 특성을 검토한 후 선행 연구를 기반으로 하여 적절한 실험이 설계 및 수행되었다. 수행된 실험은 객관적인 분석방법을 통하여 실험 결과가 검토되었다. 금번 연구의 결과로는 첫째, 문자언어에 대한 반응 시간이 음성언어에 대한 그것보다 짧다는 것, 둘째 각 자극에 대한 반응에 있어서 남녀간의 차이가 존재한다는 것, 셋째, 시각이 청각에 비하여 선택적인 측면에서 절대적 우위를 점하지 못한다는 점등을 들 수 있다. 이번 연구를 기반으로 하여 보다 다양한 감각에 대한 폭 넓은 연구 방법의 개발이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2017

Background: The skin consists of tightly connected keratinocytes, and prevents extensive water loss while simultaneously protecting against the entry of microbial pathogens. Excessive cellular levels of reactive oxygen species can induce cell apoptosis and also damage skin integrity. Propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol) has antioxidant properties. In this study, we investigated how propofol influences intracellular autophagy and apoptotic cell death induced by oxidative stress in human keratinocytes. Method: The following groups were used for experimentation: control, cells were incubated under normoxia (5% $CO_2$, 21% $O_2$, and 74% $N_2$) without propofol; hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$), cells were exposed to $H_2O_2$ ($300{\mu}M$) for 2 h; propofol preconditioning (PPC)/$H_2O_2$, cells pretreated with propofol ($100{\mu}M$) for 2 h were exposed to $H_2O_2$; and 3-methyladenine $(3-MA)/PPC/H_2O_2$, cells pretreated with 3-MA (1 mM) for 1 h and propofol were exposed to $H_2O_2$. Cell viability, apoptosis, and migration capability were evaluated. Relation to autophagy was detected by western blot analysis. Results: Cell viability decreased significantly in the $H_2O_2$ group compared to that in the control group and was improved by propofol preconditioning. Propofol preconditioning effectively decreased $H_2O_2$-induced cell apoptosis and increased cell migration. However, pretreatment with 3-MA inhibited the protective effect of propofol on cell apoptosis. Autophagy was activated in the $PPC/H_2O_2$ group compared to that in the $H_2O_2$ group as demonstrated by western blot analysis and autophagosome staining. Conclusion: The results suggest that propofol preconditioning induces an endogenous cellular protective effect in human keratinocytes against oxidative stress through the activation of signaling pathways related to autophagy.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.213-223
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• 2021

Purpose: The atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) has been introduced as an effective disinfection method for titanium surfaces due to their massive radical generation at low temperatures. Helium (He) has been widely applied as a discharge gas in APPJ due to its bactericidal effects and was proven to be effective in our previous study. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and effects of He-APPJ application at both the cell and tissue levels. Methods: Cellular-level responses were examined using human gingival fibroblasts and osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1 cells). He-APPJ was administered to the cells in the experimental group, while the control group received only He-gas treatment. Immediate cell responses and recovery after He-APPJ treatment were examined in both cell groups. The effect of He-APPJ on osteogenic differentiation was evaluated via an alkaline phosphatase activity assay. In vivo, He-APPJ treatment was administered to rat calvarial bone and the adjacent periosteum, and samples were harvested for histological examination. Results: He-APPJ treatment for 5 minutes induced irreversible effects in both human gingival fibroblasts and osteoblasts in vitro. Immediate cell detachment of human gingival fibroblasts and osteoblasts was shown regardless of treatment time. However, the detached areas in the groups treated for 1 or 3 minutes were completely repopulated within 7 days. Alkaline phosphatase activity was not influenced by 1 or 3 minutes of plasma treatment, but was significantly lower in the 5 minute-treated group (P=0.002). In vivo, He-APPJ treatment was administered to rat calvaria and periosteum for 1 or 3 minutes. No pathogenic changes occurred at 7 days after He-APPJ treatment in the He-APPJ-treated group compared to the control group (He gas only). Conclusions: Direct He-APPJ treatment for up to 3 minutes showed no harmful effects at either the cell or tissue level.

• 복식
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• 제52권5호
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• pp.91-107
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the experimental design by using deconstructive design and mobile design depicted on Hussein Chalayan' works. Hussein Chalayan, the Turkish-Cypriot who is based in London, says' Challenging is the best word for me'. And so word, 'radical' that has difficult connotations was chosen for this study It implies two menainigs for the word. The first thing is "extreme" - something that is drastic. And 'Applied to clothes', it can probably mean "experimental". He has iconoclastic ideas and his ramp shows are always high on concept, experimentation of art and utility. His approach to fashion derives from philosophical and intellectual theories of deconstruction and mobility, which he expresses through his designs. Deconstructionism, in fashion, rejects customary rules and breaks all conventions. It questions aesthetic norms about bodily proportions and the criteria of beauty, emphasizes the adding on, or discovery of, an irrational moment, and reveals the processes of tailoring in clothing. The shape and the construction of the garment is more important than the color. Cuts. tears, asymmetries, matching different materials are among the most evident features of the deconstructive design. And Chalayan performed the mobile design of transforming furniture into clothes. Chair covers became dresses. a coffee table became a skirt which were designed by Chalayan, with geometric and architectural references. Chalayan says he was inspired by the idea of refugees fleeing. Besides Chalayan uses clothing as an art to reinterpret and reform the human body in a continuous tour de force of body/identity conceptualism and dressmaking. He reflect the body's function in the cultural context of architecture, science, or nature - and then attempt to translate his findings into clothing.dings into clothing.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.167-174
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• 1973

This study included two parts of investigation, the microfloral changes during the brewing process with the changes of pH, total acidity, temperature and alcoholic contents, as well as determination of survival times of major enteric pathogens in Takju. 1. Maximum number of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was $4.3{\times}10^7$ per milliliter on the 5th day of fermentation and gradually decreased. Saccharomyces cerevisiae was one of the predominant strains of the fermentation process. The number of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was $4.3{\times}10^6$ per milliliter at the completion of the brewing and human consumption. In a few days after the completion of the brewing. Bacillus subtilis and some species of Staphylococcus spp. began to grow and those organisms were responsible for the spoilage. 2. Maximum pH, during the brewing, was 5.8 on the first day of fermentation and rapidly decreased until 6th day of fermentation at pH 4.3. 3. Maximum alcholic content was 14.5 degree on the 4th day of fermentation, 10.3 degree on the 5th day and this degree was continued during the experimentation. 4. Maximum temperature, during Takju brewing was 34.deg.C on the 3rd day of fermentation and rapidly decreased up to 23.deg.C on the 6th day and this temperature was continued until the brewing process was finished. 5. Maximum total acidity was 0.57 percent on the 4th day of fermentation and gradually decreased by brewing process was completed. 6. Survival time of major enteric pathogenic bacteria in Takju was as follows : Shigella dysenteriae and Escherichia coli were isolated in two hours and 14 hours respectively, but Salmonella typhi, Vibrio parahemolyticus were not isolated even in an hour after the inoculation of those organisms in undiluted Takju. In diluted Takju, Salmonella typhi, Vibrio parahemolyticus were not isolated even in an hour after the inoculation of those organisms in undiluted Takju. In diluted Takju, Salmonella typhi, Shigella dysenteriae, and Escherichia coli were survived for 50-60 hours, but Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahemolyticus were not isolated even if treated within one hour.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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• 제31권8호
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• pp.991-998
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• 2004

생물 정보학 등 많은 응용 분야에서 데이타 분석을 할 때는 적은 수의 분류표시된 데이터 (labeled data)와 많은 수의 비분류표시된 데이타(unlabeled data)가 있을 수 있다 분류표시된 자료는 사람의 노력이 요구되기 때문에 얻기가 어렵고 비용이 많이 들지만, 비분류표시된 자료는 별 어려움 없이 쉽게 얻을 수 있다. 이때 비분류표시된 자료를 이용하여 자료를 분류하고 분석하는데 널리 이용되고 있는 방법이 co-training 알고리즘이다. 이 방법은 적은 수의 분류표시된 자료에서 두 가지 뷰(view)로 각 분류자를 학습한다. 그리고 각 분류자는 분석하고자 하는 모든 비분류표시된 자료에서 가장 만족할만한 예측자들을 만들어 나간다. 이렇게 훈련 데이타 셋에서 실험을 여러 번 반복적으로 하게 되면 각 뷰에서 새로운 분류자가 학습되어 분류표시된 자료의 수가 증가한다. 본 논문에서는 비분류표시된 데이타를 이용하여 새로운 co-training 방법을 제시한다. 이 방법은 두 가지 분류자와 WebKB 및 BIND XML의 2가지 실험 데이타를 가지고 평가하였다. 실험 결과로서, 이 논문에서 제안한 co-training 방법이 분류표시된 자료의 수가 매우 적을 때 분류정확성을 효과적으로 향상시킬 수 있음을 보였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.337-343
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• 2020

지난 수십 년간, 소형 로봇 가운데 동물과 곤충을 모방한 생체모방 로봇은 인간이 신체적으로 접근할 수 없는 영역에서 특별한 임무를 위해 개발되어 왔다. 최근 들어, 사람의 접근이 제한되는 공간(예 : 고농축 방사능 보관지역, 바이러스 지역, 대테러 위험지역 등)이 늘어나면서 로봇의 활용범위가 더욱 다양해지고 있으며, 과거에는 사람만 가능했던 많은 행위들이 소형 로봇으로의 대체가 시도 되고 있다. 그 중에서도 보행 로봇의 최적 움직임은 이동하는 표면의 특성(예: 거칠기, 곡률, 경사, 재료 등)에 의해 결정될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 소형 보행 로봇에 적용하기 위한 구조가 간단하고 효율적으로 구동 가능한 압전세라믹 벤더 엑츄에이터를 제안하였다. 유한요소 해석법을 활용한 동적 모델링을 통해 구동원의 형상을 최적화하여 로봇의 이동 성능을 극대화 하였고, 제작과 실험을 통하여 그 결과를 검증하였다. 제작된 엑츄에이터는 무부하 조건에서 최대속도 236mm/s로 이동 하였고, 5g의 부하를 적재하고 156mm/s의 속도로 이동 가능함을 확인 하였다. 제안된 다족형 액추에이터는 수행해야 할 임무와 요구 성능에 따라 모듈식으로 추가가 가능한 장점이 있다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.52-67
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• 2005

The purposes of this study were to classify the changing periods of apartment outdoor space in Korea and to clearly understand the specific characteristics of each period. The study has been done through on-site observation of apartment complexes, and through the analysis of housing estate planning techniques, rules and regulations affecting outdoor spaces during the rapidly developing era. The results of this study shows that three major periods with distinct characteristics were found, which were as follows: 1) The first well defined period spans from 1960 to 1990. In this period, apartment construction was rapid, and as a result, quality of housing environments were sacrificed. As little attention was given to the landscapes in apartment complex, they were constructed very simple and identical in outdoor space of apartment complex. This period can be referred to as the 'commonly universal period in apartment outdoor space'. 2) The second period spans from 1991 to 1996, during which time a housing construction project for two million residences was completed in order to significantly stimulate the provision of houses to the general public. As a result, regulations were relaxed causing housing environments to deteriorate. Although apartments were constructed very close together, there was some diversification and experimentation in outdoor styles. This period can be referred to as the 'congestion period of apartment outdoor space'. 3) The third period spans from 1997 to the present. During this time the number of unsold apartments has grown considerably throughout the country. Many different apartment complex marketing strategies have been employed to reduced the glut of unsold apartments. This experimental trend has continued and been well-received since the IMF period. The distinguishing characteristics of this period are the introduction of a rich natural landscape, the increase in communications among residents, the human oriented design, and the refined and elegant design for the outdoor street furnitures. As a result, this period can be named the "differentiation period of apartment outdoor space".

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.506-511
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• 2004

최근 몇 년 동안 사람들의 고유한 생리적인 특징을 이용한 생체 인식은 새로운 학문으로서 연구 및 개발이 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 지금까지, 오로지 지문 인식만이 다른 생체 인식에 비해 확인과 식별 시스템들이 더 정교하고, 비싼 취득 인터페이스들과 인식 과정을 필요로 하기 때문에 온라인 보안 검사를 위하여 한정된 성공을 보았다. Hand-Geometry는 생체 인식의 확인 그리고 취득의 편리 때문에 식별 그리고 확인을 위하여 사용되고 있다. 그러므로, 본 논문은 이러한 특징을 가지는 손의 기하학적인 Hand-Geometry 인식 시스템을 제안하고자 한다. 해부학적인 관점에서, 인간의 손은 길이, 폭, 두께, 기하학적인 모양, 손바닥의 모양, 그리고 손가락들의 기하학적인 모양까지 특성으로 나타내어질 수 있다. 본 논문에서 제안한 Hand-Geometry 인식 시스템은 30개의 특징 데이터를 가진다. 그러나 특징 데이터 가운데 사용자의 Hand-Geometry의 특징에 따라 길이 데이터가 변하는 것을 실험적으로 발견하였다. 따라서 이와 같은 가변적인 길이 데이터를 안정화시키기 위하여 본 논문에서는 길이 데이터의 기준점을 손톱 아래 점으로 정하고, GA를 적용하여 보다 안정된 특징점을 추출하였다.

• 복식
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• 제66권7호
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• pp.124-138
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• 2016

The present study observes collaboration methods in which 3D printing was a part of the fashion manufacturing process, expression methods of such cases, and their ripple effects. As a result, the three types of collaborations between fashion designers and other industry fields, fashion brands and 3D printing companies, and fashion designers and artists. Case analysis results and ripple effects found according to each collaboration method were as follows. First, in collaborations found were between fashion designers and other industry fields, 3D printed fashion works with futuristic images were seen through the fusion of future industries, which claim to support cutting edge digital technology, and creative fashion design. As they were mainly collaborations between automobile industries with cutting edge images or digital related industries and fashion designers, they were expressed as a new form of experimental clothing, and were used as strategies to improve future corporate images of the high tech industry. Second, in collaborations between fashion brands and 3D printing technology businesses, the sporting good brands and the shoe industry attempted to let their products be known through the promotion of functional material or ergonomic technology. While they emphasize practicality by mainly using flexible material, they were mainly proposed as functional sporting goods for famous players or as shoe accessories, so methods are still used for public distribution as brand promoting marketing strategies. Third, with collaborations between fashion designers and artists, creative pieces were shown through the grafting of 3D printing technology, the artistry of artists, and the experimentation of fashion designers. In particular, the innovative value of fashion as art was created through the union of the artistic 3D modeling technology support of artists and the creativity of designers. Like this, 3D printing fashion can graft the cutting edge nature of fashion to other industry fields through collaborations, enhancing pacesetting images, and in the fashion field, it can improve possibilities for innovations in the fashion industry through the support of 3D printing technology businesses and artists, raising expectations towards future human living.