• Human Ecology Research
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.637-647
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• 2013

This study aims to develop an educational program for healthy families using Christoph's team performance coaching (TPC) model and evaluate the program by program participant feedback. The educational program is unique in terms of helping the program participants measure the health level of their families, setting goals for the health improvement of their families based upon minimum family performance and seeking ways to achieve these goals. The educational program was designed as 3-hour-course for the convenience of implementing education and recruiting participants. The overall program was based on the characteristics and principles of coaching. Those with a master's degree or above and professional coaches were recruited as instructors. The first workshop for the instructors was conducted in 2 sessions, for 12 hours each (Dec 29-30, 2010 and Feb 12-13, 2011) and the second workshop was conducted Mar 25-26, 2011, for 12 hours. During the workshop for the instructors, the final education program was completed based upon the instructors' impression and evaluation. 8 instructors conducted the educational programs in educational institutions and facilities across the nation. The results of the program evaluated by 419 adults of education participants demonstrated the applicability of Christoph's team performance coaching model to the educational program for healthy family and its effects. If various educational programs with flexible education hours and content according to the needs of subject groups are developed, this educational program can be used as a basic educational program for in-depth education and further service for the improvement of family health.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.275-289
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to examine the middle aged's perception of aging and the degree of physical/financial/social preparation for later life and to explore the effect of the middle aged's perception of aging, who live in Gwangju & Jeonnam of Korea, on physical/financial/social preparation for later life. This research also explores gender differences in perception of aging, preparation for later life and related factors. For the purpose, the survey data was gathered from 424 middle aged (40's & 50's) citizens who live in Gwangju and Jeonnam, using structured questionnaire. The statistical methods used for data analysis are descriptive statistics, cross tables, t-test, correlations and regression with Spss/win 17.0 program. The major findings of this study are as follows: Most of the respondents perceive that the age of being aged is 65 or 70 years old. Respondents feel anxiety about health (84%), finance (57%) and roleless role (22%) of later life. Female group feel health anxiety more than male group. Many people perceive that social preparation for later life is better than financial preparation and physical preparation for later life. The result shows that female group perceives their physical preparation level more positively than male group generally. But, there were no differences in financial and social preparation between gender groups. Finally, the result shows the meaningful relationships between male group's perception of aging and financial preparation for later life. Monthly income is the most important variable predicting preparation for later life.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.1225-1233
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• 2015

This study aims to clarify the psychosocial reactions of female patients with gynecological cancer undergoing chemotherapy and in the process of suffering from alopecia and to examine their nursing support. The target group comprised female patients who had received two or more cycles of chemotherapy, were suffering from alopecia, and were aged 30-65. Data were collected from semi-structured interviews, conducted from the time the patients were informed by their doctors that they might experience alopecia due to chemotherapy to the time they actually experienced alopecia and until they were able to accept the change. Inductive qualitative analysis was employed to close in on the subjective experiences of the cancer patients. The results showed the existence of six phases in the psychosocial reactions in the process of alopecia: phase one was the reaction after the doctor's explanation; phase two was the reaction when the hair starts to fall out; phase three was the reaction when the hair starts to intensely fall out; phase four was the reaction when the hair has completely fallen out; phase five was the reaction to behavior for coping with alopecia; and phase six was the reaction to change in interpersonal human relationships. The results also made it clear that there are five types of reaction patterns as follows: 1) treatment priority interpersonal relationship maintenance type; 2) alopecia agitated interpersonal relationship maintenance type; 3) alopecia agitated interpersonal relationship reduction type; 4) alopecia denial interpersonal relationship reduction type; and 5) alopecia denial treatment interruption type. It is important to find out which of the five types the patients belong to early during treatment and provide support so that nursing intervention that suits each individual can be practiced. The purpose of this study is to make clear the process in which patients receiving chemotherapy come to accept alopecia and to examine evidence-based nursing care on patients with strong mental distress from alopecia.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권10호
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• pp.1500-1506
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• 2017

Objective: High $NH_3$ emissions from poultry houses are reported to have negative impacts on health, welfare and safety of birds and humans, and on the environment. Objective of the present study was to determine the effects of two litter amendments on the $NH_3$ levels in broiler closed houses under hot-humid conditions. Methods: Giving a completely randomize design, nine closed houses, each housed 32,500 birds on paddy husk litter, were randomly allocated into two treatment (Mizuho; a bacterial culture mix and Rydall OE; an enzymatic biocatalyst) and control groups. $NH_3$ levels were determined thrice a day (0600, 1200, and 1800 h), at three heights from the litter surface (30, 90, and 150 cm), at 20 predetermined locations of a house, from day 1 to 41. Results: Rydall significantly reduced the $NH_3$ level compared to control and Mizuho. $NH_3$ levels at 30 cm were significantly higher than that of 90 and 150 cm. The $NH_3$ levels at 30 cm height were higher than 25 ppm level from day 9, 11, and 13 in Mizuho, control, and Rydall groups, respectively to day 41. $NH_3$ levels at 150 cm height were higher than maximum threshold limit of 50 ppm for human exposure from day 12, 14, and 15 in Mizuho, control, and Rydall groups, respectively to day 33. Being significantly different among each other, the $NH_3$ level was highest and lowest at 0600 and 1800 h. Litter amendments had no significant effects on growth performance. Rydall significantly increased the litter N content on day 24. Conclusion: It was concluded that the $NH_3$ levels of closed house broiler production facilities under tropical condition are so high that both birds and workers are exposed to above recommended levels during many days of the growing period. Compared to microbial culture, the enzymatic biocatalyst was found to be more effective in reducing $NH_3$ level.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권12호
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• pp.1667-1673
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• 2017

Antibiotics have long been of great benefit for people, both in the medical treatment of human disease and in animal food where they improve the growth performance and feed utilization during animal production. Antibiotics as in-feed supplements affect all stages of pork production, including the gestation, nursing, growing, and finishing stages, although the effects show stage-dependent differences. However, the use of antibiotics in animal feed has become a worldwide concern. This review describes why sub-therapeutic levels of antibiotic additives in animal feed have become an integral part of animal feeding programs for more than 70 years, particularly in pork production. It also discusses the threat of the long-term use of sub-therapeutic levels of antibiotics in pork production. In recent years, the effectiveness of in-feed antibiotics has tended to decrease. This review analyzes this change from various perspectives. First, the equipment used at pig farms has improved dramatically and is more sanitary. Worldwide, more pig farms use pig farrowing crates, gestation crates, piglet nursery crates, flooring devices, piggery ventilation and cooler systems, automatic pig feeders, piggery heating equipment, and artificial insemination systems. In addition, scientists have replaced the use of antibiotics with organic acids, fermented mash, probiotics, prebiotics, minerals, oligosaccharides, enzymes, herbs/flavors, and protein/amino acids, and have improved management and husbandry techniques. In addition, animal welfare legislation has been aimed at improving the quality of the floors and living space, ensuring that animals have permanent access to fresh water, and setting a minimum weaning age. Finally, the prospects and the possibility of replacing antibiotics in pork production are described, in line with recent research results.

• 의료법학
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.137-177
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• 2007

The medical expenses review system in Korea has developed under fee-for-service system with its own unique structure. The importance of reviewing medical expenses has been emphasized, as the size of medical expenditures moving through the health insurance legal context and its weight in the national economy have increased very rapidly. It is, however, analyzed that the feuds and arguments continue among the stakeholders for the lack of laws supporting the medical expenses review system. The medical expenses review is a series of administrative procedures, deciding whether claims from medical care institutions to the insurer are legal and valid or not. It mainly controls the increase of unnecessarily excessive health insurance claim and prevents fraudulent claim and abuse and checks the less use or unsuitable use of medical resources. It also works a function guarantees medical benefits for the appropriate treatment according to the object of health insurance system as a social insurance scheme. The dispute on legal base of the medical expenses review is about the source of law in the medical expenses review. There are the Health Insurance Act and administrative laws as jus scriptum and the guidelines of review as administrative orders. The medical expenses review should reflect various factors, such as the development of medical healthcare technologies, the health expenditures distribution, the financial situation of the health insurance, and the evaluation on the level of appropriate benefits. It is also likely to adapt to the traits of characters of medicine, and trends and transition, Besides it should judge the legality and the validity of medical benefits expenditures by synthesizing these all factors. And the evaluation system of appropriateness of medical benefits was administrative procedure which was consecutive with reviewing the medical expenses system and it was intended to make up for the result of reviewing the medical expenses in more comprehensive levels.

• 의료법학
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.119-164
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• 2007

Improving the formal objection system regarding reviewing medical expenses requires authority and confidence in the aspect of well-functioning the health insurance review and assessment system, legally and appropriately. The purposes of improvement of the formal objection system should aim for protecting the people's right of health. On handling the formal objections, the disputes of the rights should be settled economically and promptly by fairness, specialty, and objectivity in the health insurance review and assessment administration. Therefore, in order to promote the administrative specialty of health insurance, the formal objection committee needs to be organized independently and guaranteed expertly. Under the current formal objection system, however, the organization of committee lacks right-relief function, recognition and public relation as a health insurance appeal system, and related professional man powers. It is also analyzed that there are several controversial points, such as mass deliberation to the formal objection committee and its conference procedure. As a measure of improvement, it is analyzed that the committee needs to be organized independently with a proper number of professional man powers. The strict deliberation procedures and the prohibition of the decision-making by non-conference are also required to be empowered. The formal objection procedure provides the beneficiaries and the claims legitimately, so that it secures the legal relations on the health insurance system. Therefore, on the conference process of formal objection, the expert and guaranteed protection should be provided promptly, and its procedures to the appellants should also be assisted kindly.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.103-116
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• 2011

Objective: The study analyzed degrees of participation in physical activities, demographic and sociological characteristics of middle and high school students, and the relations to mental health related factors, based on "Korea youth risk behavior web-based survey." Therefore, the study can be used as preliminary data for establishing mental health promotion plans for youth and setting contents and directions of health education. Methods: The study analyzed the data, collecting from 75,066 middle and high school students, regarding their demographic and sociological characteristics, mental health, and relations to physical activities by using SPSS Win 15.0. Results: 19.1% of the students answered they had seriously contemplated suicide during the past 12 months, and 43.2% said they are usually under enormous pressure. 55.3% answered that academic achievements and the pressure from future paths are major factors of their stress. The students showed noteworthy differences in whether they think about suicide depending on whether the students live with their father or mother. The study found that the students whose parents' levels of education are low, or their academic records are low, or economic conditions are poor are more likely to think about suicide. The students tend to think more about killing themselves if they spend more time sitting to study than being engaged in physical activities, or spend little time walking. And they are more likely to think about committing suicide if they spend little time exercising, or are not engaged in physical activities on the playground or a gym in PE classes.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.91-102
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• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to identify the extent of the health behaviors of juveniles with experience in drug and the extent of their oral health behaviors. Then the impact of such factors on the oral health was analyzed. Methods: The analysis in this study used the raw data from 'The Fifth Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey' after getting approval for use from the Center for Disease Control. The research subjects of this study were juveniles with experience in drug. Analysis was done by using 8 socio-demographic variables, 6 health behaviors related variables, 4 oral-health behaviors related variables and 1 oral health related variable. All survey data were analyzed by SPSS WIN 17.0 program. as frequency analysis and logistic regression. Results: The factors that give impact on the oral health of juveniles with drug experience were found as: gender, academic year, study grade, school type, school class, city scale, economic status, residential type, experience in alcohol, experience in smoking, obesity, frequency of medium-level physical exercise, eating breakfast frequency, hours of sleeping, number of tooth-brushing in one day, brushing teeth after lunch frequency, experience in dental treatment and experience in oral health training. Conclusions: In order to improve the oral health of juveniles with drug experience, health behaviors such as stop-smoking, stop-drinking and regular physical exercise are recommended. In addition, they should stop using drugs that threats their oral health. The development of nursing intervention to maintain the continuous enhancement of their oral health is also required.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.47-56
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• 2017

Sustainable development is one of the important concept of the 21st century. Especially, Social sustainability is an important factor in today's society with the weakened community, and is needed exploring social sustainability in the residential environment as a container of human life. The purpose of this study was to develop the evaluation indicators and evaluation system of social sustainability in residential environment. In order to develop evaluation indicators first, the delphi expert survey was conducted to assess the adequacy of selected the evaluation indicators in previous studies. Second, expert survey using the method of AHP was progressed in order to analyze importance and weight of evaluation indicators and was analyzed using Expert Choice. The findings of this study are as followings; the evaluation system was composed of locality, communality and organisms. The communality is the most important. The locality was composed of historical and cultural, reflection of regional identity and homogeneous of regions. Reflection of local identity is the most important in locality area. The communality was composed of social integration environment, community activities and the community space. The community activities are the most important in communality area. The organism was composed of employment, self-sufficiency, welfare, population, safety and housing. Safety is the most important in the organism area.