• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.15-20
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to develop of portable thermal comfort measurement tool for elderly. Using prediction expression of thermal comfort for elderly which derived at previous study, a field studies were conducted. The objects of this survey are old persons over 60 years old and total 296 (male:111 persons, female:145 persons) persons were measured. The actual thermal sensation was compared with predicted thermal sensation calculated with PMV model, and the results shows that there were no correlation between them. Also, appling cheek temperature and hand temperature were useful to predict thermal sensation of elderly people. Especially, predicted thermal sensation using cheek temperature were closely connected with actual thermal sensation of elderly and presented most similar trend to actual thermal sensation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2012

Human thermal sensation based on a human energy balance model was analyzed in the study areas, the Changwon and Nanaimo sites, on clear days during thesummer of 2009. The climatic input data were air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and solar and terrestrial radiation. The most effective factors for human thermal sensation were direct beam solar radiation, building view factor and wind speed. Shaded locations had much lower thermal sensation, slightly warm, than sunny locations, very hot. Also, narrow streets in the Nanaimo site had higher thermal sensation than open spaces because of greater reflected solar radiation and terrestrial radiation from their surrounding buildings. Calm wind speed also produced much higher thermal sensation, which reduced sensible and latent heat loss from the human body. By adopting climatic factors into landscape architecture, the human thermal sensation analysis method promises to help create thermally comfortable outdoor areas. The method can also be used for urban heat island modification and climate change studies.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.83-89
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• 2017

Purpose: Thermal sensation or thermal comfort was randomly used in many studies which focused on combined effects of thermal and acoustic environments on human perception. However, thermal sensation and thermal comfort are not synonyms. Thermal comfort is more complex human perception on thermal environment than thermal sensation. This study aims to investigate effects of noise on thermal sensation and thermal comfort separately, and also to investigate effects of temperature on acoustic sensation and comfort. Method: Combined thermal and acoustic configurations were simulated in an indoor environmental chamber. Twenty four participants were exposed to two types of noise (fan and babble) with two noise levels (45 dBA and 60 dBA) for an hour in each thermal condition of PMV-1.53, 0.03, 1.53, 1.83, respectively. Temperature sensation, temperature preference, thermal comfort, noisiness, loudness, annoyance, acoustic comfort, indoor environmental comfort were evaluated in each combined environmental condition. Result: Noise did not affected thermal sensation, but thermal comfort significantly. Temperature had an effect on acoustic comfort significantly, but no effect on noisiness and loudness in overall data analysis. More explicit interactions between thermal condition and noise perception showed only with the noise level of 60 dBA. Impacts of both thermal comfort and acoustic comfort on the indoor environmental comfort were analyzed. In adverse thermal environments, thermal comfort had more impact than acoustic comfort on indoor environmental comfort, and in neutral thermal environments, acoustic comfort had more important than thermal comfort.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 1995

The purpose of this study is to analyse the distribution of thermal sensation response and thermal environment condition in convective heating space. The contents of this study are as follows: 1)the spatial distributions of thermal conditions are measured 2)the thermal sensation vote of residents is taken in order to investigate the relation between thermal condition and human thermal sensation in sedentary condition 3)to analyse the distribution of subject's thermal sensation vote and thermal environment condition by two methods-regression method and graph method.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.1-8
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• 2009

The present study was conducted with the object of measuring sensibility image through an experiment with human bodies and indexing human feelings according to land cover types. The temperature by land cover types formed the lowest temperature in planted areas and the highest temperature in paved areas. The wind velocity is stronger in bare grounds, the surface of water and building areas than planted areas, grassland and paved areas. In the case of using a globe thermometer, a solar controled device confirmed the planted areas. In summer, an increase of thermal sensation are indicated a decrease of amenity, and the sensation which has high correlationship is in order by amenity, thermal sensation, airflow sensation and humidity sensation.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.129-135
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• 2004

The study was carried out through measuring the temperature and humidity of the indoor/outdoor space and the distribution of interior thermal condition, and investigating the effect of loess materials on human body. The purpose of this study is to analyze the change of dry bulb temperature and relative humidity and correlation of thermal reaction of human body with ASHRAE (American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-conditioning) comfort chart in the loess interior space. In the view point of biomedical sciences, loess interior space provides optimum thermal conditions for human thermal sensation.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.312-323
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• 2008

The purpose of this paper is to analyze thermal sensation which is measured by human physioclimatic reactions in South Korea. Relationships between Temperature-Humidity Index(THI) and human thermal sensation scale are derived from a questionnaire, which investigates degree of volunteer's thermal sensation with respect to each biometeorological condition. Analyses of these empirical relationships make it possible to calculate thermal sensational indices and to classify bioclimatic types for individual weather stations based on long-term(1971-2000) averages of monthly temperature and humidity data. A generalized annual physioclimatic maps for each Annual Cumulative Thermal Sensation Index for the 68 stations are constructed to show men tend to feel in various areas. The Monthly thermal sensations are affected by latitude, altitude, orographic effects and systems of airmasses. The Annual Cumulative Thermal sensations are increasing towards northern areas and inland, and that the major factors are largely derived from cold stress in winter. The Annual Physioclimatic Types are grouped 8 climatic types(M, ES, M-ES, M-S, W-ES, C-ES, C-M, C-M-ES) according to climatic stress. Results of this study can be applied for evaluation of thermal environment in our daily activities, and for searching relevant sports training-sites, climatherapy etc.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.1115-1129
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• 2016

To analyze human thermal environments in protected horticultural houses (plastic houses), human thermal sensations estimated using measured microclimatic data (air temperature, humidity, wind speed, and solar and terrestrial radiation) were compared between an outdoor area and two indoor plastic houses, a polyethylene (PE) house and a polycarbonate (PC) house. Measurements were carried out during the daytime in autumn, a transient season that exhibits human thermal environments ranging from neutral to very hot. The mean air temperature and absolute humidity of the houses were $14.6-16.8^{\circ}C$ (max. 22. $3^{\circ}C$) and $7.0-12.0g{\cdot}m^{-3}$ higher than those of the outdoor area, respectively. Solar (K) and terrestrial (L) radiation were compared directionally from the sky hemisphere (${\downarrow}$) and the ground hemisphere (${\uparrow}$). The mean $K{\downarrow}$ and $K{\uparrow}$ values for the houses were respectively $232.5-367.8W{\cdot}m^{-2}$ and $44.9-55.7W;{\cdot}m^{-2}$ lower than those in the outdoor area; the mean $L{\downarrow}$ and $L{\uparrow}$ values were respectively $150.4-182.3W{\cdot}m^{-2}$ and $30.5-33.9W{\cdot}m^{-2}$ higher than those in the outdoor area. Thus, L was revealed to be more influential on the greenhouse effect in the houses than K. Consequently, mean radiant temperature in the houses was higher than the outdoor area during the daytime from 10:45 to 14:15. As a result, mean human thermal sensation values in the PMV, PET, and UTCI of the houses were respectively $3.2-3.4^{\circ}C$ (max. $4.7^{\circ}C$), $15.2-16.4^{\circ}C$ (max. $23.7^{\circ}C$) and $13.6-15.4^{\circ}C$ (max. $22.3^{\circ}C$) higher than those in the outdoor area. The heat stress levels that were influenced by human thermal sensation were much higher in the houses (between hot and very hot) than in the outdoor (between neutral and warm). Further, the microclimatic component that most affected the human thermal sensation in the houses was air temperature that was primarily influenced by $L{\downarrow}$. Therefore, workers in the plastic houses could experience strong heat stresses, equal to hot or higher, when air temperature rose over $22^{\circ}C$ on clear autumn days.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.87-94
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• 2012

Kruithof demonstrated the preferred combination of illuminance levels and color temperatures. However, as Benett pointed out, difference of themal variables in such preference may be expected. The purpose of this study is to clarify the combined effects of lighting conditions(illuminance, color temperature), operative temperature on the human physiological and psychological responses. In order to observe operative temperature change in preference of color temperatures for three illumination levels, three subjects were exposed to two different conditions of color temperatures of 2,850K, 4,200K and 6,850K combined with operative temperatures(OT) of $25{\sim}31^{\circ}C$ at 100~1000lx. Thermal sensation vote and comfortable sensation vote, brightness perception vote were reported in each experiment conditions. The following results were obtained : 1) When illuminace level was at 100lx in operative temperatures of OT $20^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$, $30^{\circ}C$, Color temperature affect not themal sensation but Warm-cool sensation. 2) Operative temperatures affect not brightness perception vote but visual comfort sensation vote, satisfactive sensation vote, warm-cool sensation vote and themal sensation vote.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.69-74
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• 2008

In this paper, a comfort evaluation system based on a product-focused process design (PFPD) has been proposed for high comforts interior seat covers. Correlations between comforts properties and physical/thermal properties of interior seat covers were examined by combining traditional regression analysis and data mining techniques. A skin sensorial comfort of leather samples was evaluated by only human tactile sensation. The adjectives of leather car seat covers are 'Soft', 'Sticky' and 'Elastic'. Thermo-physiological comfort properties of leather samples were evaluated by only human tactile sensation. The adjectives of leather car seat covers are 'Coolness to the touch' and 'Thermal and humid'. Skin sensorial comforts of cloth samples were evaluated by only human tactile sensation. The adjectives of cloth car seat covers are 'Soft', 'Smooth', 'Voluminous' and 'Elastic'. Thermo-physiological comforts of cloth samples were evaluated by only human tactile sensation. The adjectives of cloth car seat covers are 'Coolness to the touch' and 'Thermal and humid'.