• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.185-193
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• 1999

Purpose: Proliferation of bile duct-like structures and fibrosis is a hepatic cellular reaction observed in most forms of human liver disease and in a variety of experimental conditions associated with liver injury. The aim of this study was to investigate the activation of Ito cells and bile duct proliferation in the rat after common bile duct ligation (CBDL). Methods: Hepatic morphological abnormalities were examined in rats whose bile ducts had been irreversibly ligated for 15, 21, 24 and 28 days. The liver was examined by immunohistochemical staining for ${\alpha}$-smooth muscle actin, the known marker of activated Ito cells, and light and electron microscopes. Results: After CBDL, the bile canalicular proliferation and interstitial fibrosis were gradually increased in the periportal areas extended to hepatic sinusoids. Ito cells positive for ${\alpha}$-smooth muscle actin were frequently observed in the periductular space and in perisinusoidal space of Disse. Ito cells and myofibroblasts were gradually increased in the interstitial fibrosis until the 28th day after CBDL. Ito cells and myofibroblasts had microfilaments with dense body at the periphery of the cell. Conclusions: Our results suggest that Ito cells may be fibroblastic or myogenic. It has also been postulated that during the development of hepatic fibrosis, Ito cells become myofibroblasts or fibroblast like cells.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.35-43
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• 2015

Morinda officinalis (Rubiaceae) is a medicinal herb that has traditionally been used for the treatment of skin inflammation. The present study was to investigate the inhibitory efficacy of matrix metalloproteinases-1 (MMP-1) of the extracts of the root of M. officinalis, which was autoclaved at $132^{\circ}C$ and $1.2kgf/cm^2$ for 15 min using an autoclave. The composition of the extracts were compared with that prepared without autoclaved treatment. Total phenol and flavonoid contents were analyzed for the autoclaved M. officinalis root extract (AME) and M. officinalis root extract (ME). Results showed that the autoclaved AME contained total phenol and flavonoid contents 1.5-fold times more than those from ME. AME showed DPPH and superoxide radical scavenging activities as 79.25% and 94.5%, respectively, at the concentration of $500{\mu}g/mL$. In anti-inflammatory assay, AME inhibited the activity of COX-2 and 5-LOX metabolites. In addition, AME showed higher an inhibition rate in MMP-1 expression than ME in UVA-irradiated human dermal fibroblast (HDF) without any significant cytotoxicity. UVB-induced cytotoxicity and cell death were effectively suppressed by AME. In conclusion, autoclaving the M. officinalis root increased the phenol and flavonoid contents. The extracts of the autoclaved M. officinalis enhanced the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-MMP-1 effects. Thus, the extracts could be an useful active ingredient in cosmetics.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.351-359
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• 2015

Acute and chronic ultraviolet (UV) irradiation triggers severe skin photoaging processes, which directly disrupt the normal three-dimensional integrity of skin. UV light stimulates the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) which degrade constituents of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. These MMPs reduce collagen synthesis and decrease skin elasticity and integrity, resulting in wrinkle formation. In this study, we identified Rosa multiflora hip extract (RME) as an effective anti-photoaging ingredient. First, cell proliferation activity of RME was verified using Hs68 human dermal fibroblast cell line. RME downregulated MMPs expression through the inhibition of activator protein (AP)-1. In addition, type I and IV collagen expressions were increased with RME treatment and UVB-induced inflammatory responses were also reduced after RME treatment. In conclusion, R. multiflora hip extract may effectively improve UVB-induced skin aging and wrinkle formation which may provide as an anti-aging, anti-wrinkle, and anti-inflammation ingredient in cosmetic industry.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.644-651
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• 2022

The skin is the largest organ of the human body and protects the inside of the body. Ultraviolet rays cause various inflammatory reactions in the skin, including photoaging and oxidative damage. The purpose of this study is to investigate the protective effect of Saponaria extract by irradiating UVB on fibroblasts. In this study, the effectiveness of Saponaria showing protective activity against UVB-induced cytotoxicity, oxidative cell death, and NO and PGE₂ production was evaluated. HS68 cells were irradiated with UVB(120 mJ/cm²) and treated with Saponaria extract at various concentrations of 100, 200, and 400 ㎍/mL for 24 hours. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by ultraviolet B were detected using a spectrofluorometer after DCF-DA staining. Lipid peroxidation was also analyzed by measuring the level of 8-isoprostane secreted into the culture medium. As a result, treatment with Saponaria extract effectively inhibited UVB-induced cytotoxicity. Oxidative cell damage was mediated by PGE₂ in UVB-induced HS68 fibroblasts, which was significantly inhibited by Saponaria extract treatment. In addition, it was evaluated that the protective effect of these extracts was mediated by the inhibition of intracellular ROS production and lipid peroxidation in a concentration-dependent manner. These results suggest that Saponaria extract can be used as an anti-aging functional material because it inhibits skin damage mediated by oxidative stress caused by UVB and exhibits a cellular protective effect.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.389-399
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• 2021

This study determined the effects of Centella asiatica leaf on H₂O₂ induced cell cycle arrest, mitochondrial activity, and proinflammatory cytokine production in human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells. We used an 80% methanol extract of C. asiatica, its ethyl acetate fraction, and asiaticoside, the major constituent of C. asiatica. The C. asiatica extract, its ethyl acetate fraction, and asiaticoside attenuated G1 cell cycle-arrest and the apoptotic effect caused by H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress. The cells treated with C. asiatica extract, its ethyl acetate fraction, and asiaticoside secreted lower levels of TNF-α and IL-6. The antioxidant effect of asiaticoside was higher than that of C. asiatica extract and its ethyl acetate fraction. Treatment with C. asiatica extract, its ethyl acetate fraction, and asiaticoside also increased the mitochondrial membrane potential and restored normal mitochondrial morphology. Following H₂O₂ stress induction, cells treated with C. asiatica extract, its ethyl acetate fraction, and asiaticoside showed increased mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates and decreases in the TLR4-MyD88-TRAF6-p65 pathway activity. These findings suggest that C. asiatica extract, its ethyl acetate fraction, and asiaticoside have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, as well as the ability to control the mitochondrial activities of HDF cells.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.12
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• pp.938-946
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• 2022

This study aims to evaluate the effects of antioxidant activities, protein and mRNA expressions of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) -1 and procollagen type I C-peptide (PIP) in 70% ethanol extract from Hydnocarpus anthelmintica Pierre (HE). DPPH and ABTS⁺ radicals scavenging assays were measured for antioxidant activities and HE had 73.5% and 74.4% of scavenging activities at 1,000 ㎍/ml concentration, respectively. And we investigated the inhibition of collagenase by HE, and the result was a 78.8% inhibition effect on concentrations of 1,000 ㎍/ml. In addition, an MTT assay was performed to confirm the toxicity of the CCD-986sk fibroblasts to the HE, and as a result, the cell viability rate was about 91.7% at a concentration of 50 ㎍/ml or less, and subsequent cell experiments were performed at a concentration of 50 ㎍/ml or less. We treated the cells with UVB (20 mJ/cm²) for stimulation, treated HE at various concentrations, and performed ELISA tests and RT-PCR experiments. And HE increased the PIP and mRNA in a dose-dependent manner and showed an expression rate of about 64.2% and 83.4%, respectively, at a concentration of 50 ㎍/ml compared with Cont (50.3% and 45.8%, respectively). And HE suppressed the MMP-1 protein and mRNA in a dose-dependent manner and showed a low expression rate of about 48.7% and 35.9%, respectively, at a concentration of 50 ㎍/ml. These results can be applied to developing anti-wrinkle materials for functional food and cosmetics with HE.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.18-32
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• 2022

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the safety, effects on proliferation of hair papilla cells, and anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms of Artemisia sieversiana Ehrh. ex Willd. (AS) extract. Methods: Safety tests through purity testing, acute toxicity tests, and repeated toxicity tests were performed using AS extract (ASE) which had been dried for over two years. Cell culture and proliferation tests were conducted; VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), bFGF (basic fibroblast growth factor), and EGF (epidermal growth factor) and protein expression analyses were performed for mechanistic evaluation; and inhibitory effects of ASE on the RNA expression of testosterone, 5𝛼-reductase, and aromatase was assessed. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant efficacy of ASE was confirmed by measuring the levels of nitric oxide, inflammatory mediators (TNF-𝛼 and PGE2), inflammatory cytokines (IL-1𝛽, IL-6, and IL-8), and chemokine MCP-1. Results: The safety of ASE was confirmed. The mechanism of cell proliferation in human hair follicle dermal papilla cells involved the promotion of VEGF, bFGF, and EGF expression. ASE decreased mRNA expression of testosterone, 5𝛼-reductase, and aromatase-1 in a concentration-dependent manner. PGE2 and TNF-𝛼 production by inflammatory mediators was also significantly decreased in a concentration-dependent manner, and inflammatory cytokine and chemokine expression was inhibited. Conclusions: ASE is suggested to promote papillary cell growth at the cellular level, to suppress expression of various enzymes involved in hair cycle and cell death, and to inhibit hair loss through anti-androgen, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.533-547
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• 2022

This study investigated the hair growth effect of Schisandra chinensis extract (TS-SC) and TS-SC fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum (TS-SCLF) on human dermal papilla cells (hDPCs). The production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), keratinocyte growth factor/fibroblast growth factor 7 (KGF/FGF-7) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) were examined. The secretion rates of VEGF and KGF/FGF-7 were high in TS-SC, and the secretion rates of IGF-1 and HGF were high in TS-SCLF. TGF-β1 was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner in all samples. Gene expression of VEGF, IGF-1, KGF, HGF and alkaline phosphatase, relevant to hair growth, were examined. The data revealed that TS-SC and TS-SCLF successfully promoted hair growth in hDPCs. The IGF-1 gene was expressed in a dose-dependent manner in TS-SCLF. These results indicate that TS-SC and TS-SCLF fermented extract effectively promoted hair growth and gene expression relevant to hair growth in hDPCs. Used in clinical trials the test substance 'CMK-LPF01' showed a statistically significant increase in the number of hairs at 8 weeks, 16 weeks, and 24 weeks compared to before product use, and a change in hair growth, a secondary efficacy evaluation variable. Through additional research in the future, it is expected that "CMK-LPF01" can be developed as a functional material that can help alleviate symptoms of hair loss.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 2003.09b
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• pp.26-31
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• 2003

Korean Ginseng is a medicinal herb which grows naturally in korea. an ancient country situated in north-eastern Asia. Its medical use was already well known to herb doctors in this region about five thousand years ago since the effectiveness of korean ginseng has been recognized through practical use for a long time. Korean Ginseng has always been regarded as a devine cure. The name "Ginseng" can be found in various medicinal books. many of which were written as early as B.C. 100. In the records of many chinese medical books. dating from the inception of publishing, it was noted that Korean Ginseng was of the highest level of quality. Korean Ginseng originally grew in the mountains of korea. However, this wild Korean Ginseng(js called SANSAM) could not meet the ever-increasing demands. and from the 16th century. it has been cultivated on farms for mass processing and supplying in korea(js called INSAM). It was already recognized in korea a long time ago(B.C. 57 - A.D. 668) that Korean Ginseng possessed the qualities of panacea, tonic and rejuvenator, and had other medicinal properties as well. The effectiveness of Korean Ginseng is widely recognized among south-eastern Asians as well as Chinese. As its effect has been proved scientifically. Korean Ginseng is now becoming the ginseng for all human beings in the world. Korean ginseng is differently called according to processing method. Dried thing is Insam(white ginseng), boiled or steamed is Hongsam(red ginseng). 장뇌삼(long headed ginseng) is artificially grown in the mountain no in field for a long time. So the body is thin and some long. but ingredients are concentrated. Korean wild ginseng(SANSAM) is rare in these days but we developed cosmetic ingredient. The scientific name of Korean Ginseng is Panax Ginseng. It has acknowledge as a natural mysterious cure among the notheastern peoples. because of its broad medicinal application. The origin of the word" Panax" derived from panacea. a Greek word meaning cure-all. According to the classification method of herb medicines in the Chinese medicinal book. "God-Farmer Materia Medica(A.D. 483-496) korean Ginseng was described as the superlative drug: panacea. tonic and rejuvenator. We studied skin immunological effect. collagen synthesis. cell growth and whitening effect of SANSAM extract. IN cosmetics.. SANSAM extract had skin fibroblast cell growth effect. recover damaged skin in the sun and protect fine wrinkle. Also. In hair product.. inhibits hairless, white hair.its hairless, white hair.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.51-65
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of three types of Yongdamsagantanggamibang(YSTG) which has been medicated the patient with inflammatory disease of female genitourinary system. Methods: To verify the anti-inflammatory mechanism of YSTGs, expressions of IL-1${\beta}$, IL-6, MCP-1, COX-2 and TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA in THP-1 cells were examined. And we investigated the production levels of IL-1${\beta}$, IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ in mouse following LPS co-treatment. Results: 1. YSTG1, YSTG2 and YSTG3 extract did not show any cytotoxic effect on human fibroblast cells at any of the concentrations evaluated(500, 250, 125, 62.5, 37.25 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$) 2. YSTG1, YSTG2 and YSTG3 extract showed scavenging activity on DPPH free radical and SOD-like activity. 3. YSTG1, YSTG2 and YSTG3 extract decreased production levels of IL-1${\beta}$, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-${\alpha}$ and MCP-1 in LPS-treated THP-1 cells. 4. YSTG1, YSTG2 and YSTG3 extract decreased expressions of IL-1${\beta}$, IL-6, MCP-1, COX-2 and TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA in LPS-treated THP-1 cells. 5. YSTG1, YSTG2 and YSTG3 extract decreased production levels of IL-1${\beta}$, IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ in serum of LPS-treated mouse. Conclusion: Based on results above, it is revealed three types of YSTG have the anti-inflammatory effect, and may be effective in the treatment for inflammatory disease of female genitourinary system.