• 한국가정과학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.37-48
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the proper combination of ensemble suit details for the body silhouette of elderly women. In this study, the principal component analysis was used to search for the proper combination of suit details for covering defects of body which has been changed unbalanced. The designs of evaluated suits were manipulated in 18 different kinds by the essential elements such as collars, neckline(round neckline, shirt collar, tailored collar), types of one-piece dress(pleats type, gather type, flare type), and opening(opened, closed). The data evaluated by a multiple ranking test was analyzed by mean, paired t-test, ANOVA and Duncan's multiple ranged test. The results were summarized as follows: In case of normal body type, it had complementary effects for upper body with closed round neckline jacket or shirt collar jacket, and for lower and the whole body with a combination of closed tailored collar jacket or shirt collar jacket with pleats or gored type one piece dress. The visual effect for elderly women's body shape was different in opened or closed jacket. And that enhanced by Jacket with collar.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.135-151
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• 2007

This study is human body measurement of 200 adult males in their 20s by both direct and indirect methods in order to reveal the representative male upper body types. Composition factors of body types were classified while the combination of direct-indirect measurement values was chosen. The following are the findings: 1) The analysis of direct-indirect measurement statistics showed the following results: 173.80cm (height), 69.87kg (weight), 95.58cm (chest girth), $24.67^{\circ}$ (right shoulder angle), and $9.34^{\circ}$ (shoulder width angle). 2) The factor analysis of the body types by direct measurement produced 5 factors: 1 (front length of upper body), 2 (front length of upper body), 3 (back length of upper body), 4 (circumference of upper body), and 5 (shoulders length). These factors accounted for 90.08%. Also, the cluster analysis of factor scores led to 3 types: 1 (33%, short, comparatively wide shoulders and full in the hips), 2 (25.1%, well-developed upper body in tall, inversed triangle), 3 (41%, average height, short upper body). 3) The body-type factor analysis by indirect measurement resulted in 6 factors with the explanation of 83.24%: 1 (rear upper bady thickness), 2 (front upper body width), 3 (front chest thickness), 4 (left-right shoulder angle), 5 (front width of protrusion distance in chest and shoulders), and 6 (neck's front-rear side angle).In addition, the cluster analysis of factor scores brought about 4 types: 1 (15%, well-developed front chest, beardless waist), 2 (23.5%, flat chest, with shoulder, drooping shoulders, strait neck), 3 (39%, with shoulder, curved back), and 4 (22.5%, narrow and thin, curved waist). 4) Among the 118 subjects (75%), 58 subjects commonly appearing in indirect measurement values group and direct measurement values group were chosen the representative body type group according to asterisk indexes. They had the highest frequency in direct type 3 and indirect type 3, whose combination represented the physical characteristics of the representative body types.

• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.22-41
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• 2008

Background: Eight-Constitution Medicine (ECM) devides the human body into eight constitutions. Up until now, checking the pulse types is only way to classify the eight constitution. Recently we try to make a questionnaire that is based on the Eight-Constitution characters and analyze the answer from patients who were classified into one of the eight constitutions according to their pulse types and their responses to constitution-acupuncture therapy Objective: This study intends to analyze each answer of the Eight-Constitution Questionnaire with independent sample t-test. Methods: Participants of this study were outpatients in ECM clinics located in Korea. The resources were collected from 925 patients who were classified into one of the eight constitutions according to their pulse types and their responses to constitution-acupuncture therapy. SPSS 13.0 for Windows was used for independent sample t-test. Results and Conclusions: 1. The proportion of participants' constitutions is in the order of Pancreotonia (28.0%), Colonotonia (17.3%), Pulmotonia (18.1%), Hepatonia (18.1%), Vesicotonia (8.5%), Cholecystotonia (7.0%), Renotonia (2.6%) and Gastrotonia (0.4%). 2. Eight-Constitution Questionnaire consists of 5 parts; Appearance, Character, Body reaction, Physiology & Pathology and Food reaction. 3. 10 items were chosen among 42 question about Appearance. 4. Due to the deficiency of Gastrotonia examples, useful items have to be given up. If we can gather Gastrotonia examples, we can use meaningful items more than 10.

• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.89-110
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• 2009

Background : Eight-Constitution Medicine (ECM) devides the human body into eight constitutions. Up until now, checking the pulse types is only way to classify the eight constitution. Recently we try to make a questionnaire that is based on the Eight-Constitution characters and analyze the answer from patients who were classified into one of the eight constitutions according to their pulse types and their responses to constitution-acupuncture therapy. Objective : This study intends to analyze each answer of the Eight-Constitution Questionnaire with independent sample t-test. Methods : Participants of this study were outpatients in ECM clinics located in Korea. The resources were collected from 925 patients who were classified into one of the eight constitutions according to their pulse types and their responses to constitution-acupuncture therapy. SPSS 13.0 for Windows was used for independent sample t-test. Results and Conclusions : 1. The proportion of participants' constitutions is in the order of Pancreotonia (28.0%), Colonotonia (17.3%), Pulmotonia (18.1%), Hepatonia (18.1%), Vesicotonia (8.5%), Cholecystotonia (7.0%), Renotonia (2.6%) and Gastrotonia (0.4%). 2. Eight-Constitution Questionnaire consists of 5 parts; Appearance, Character, Body reaction, Physiology & Pathology and Food reaction. 3. 18 items were chosen among 81 question about Character. 4. Due to the deficiency of Gastrotonia examples, useful items have to be given up. If we can gather Gastrotonia examples, we can use meaningful items more than 18.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.200-211
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• 2021

This study examines the effects of fashion influencers' body types (realistic versus ideal body types) on self-expression, self-representation, and recommendation intentions, as mediated by familiarity toward influencers. Although fashion influencers lead to a positive consumer response compared to traditional advertisements, previous research on the effects of fashion influencers on consumers is limited. Thus, this study tests the role of consumers' socio-psychological aspects in understanding how and why fashion influencers affect consumers' behavioral intentions associated with self-expression, self-representation, and influencer recommendation. A total of 180 women in their 20s and 30s participated in the survey. The responses were collected after showing them stimuli featuring fashion influencers with either ideal or realistic body shapes. The data were analyzed using SPSS18.0 for descriptive statistics, and AMOS 18.0 for confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. The results showed that participants who were shown realistic body types perceived familiarity, which generated positive effects on self-expression, self-representation, and recommendation intentions. Hence, the effects of influencers' body types on recommendation intention are mediated by familiarity. Self-expression and self-representation intentions also increase influencer recommendation intention. Comparatively, participants who were shown ideal body types only induced higher self-representation intention, which increased their recommendation intention. The current findings can help fashion marketers select the appropriate influencers who fit their target customers as promotional models, as well as to induce changes in consumers' behavioral intention.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.495-503
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• 2020

This study classified lower body shape according to thigh and waist shape to improve the fit of skinny blue jeans in adult women in their 20s. We analyzed the three-dimensional automatic measurement data, three-dimensional indirect measurement data, and index data using the three-dimensional female (20-29 years old) body scan data provided by Size Korea (6^th Korean Human Dimensional Survey Project). Factor analysis was performed to classify body type. We selected and analyzed 34 items related to thigh shape based on index items, angle items, and protrusion amount items from 99 items; consequently, seven factors were extracted and 82.39% of the total variance was explained. Cluster analysis according to factor analysis classified it into 4 types, and a post-test Duncan test was conducted to classify thigh features according to classified types. As a result, the characteristics of lower body shape according to the thigh types of women in their 20s are as follows. Lower Body Type 1 is shape with a more prominent belly and less prominent thighs. Lower Body Type 2 is a slender body figure with larger hips. Lower Body Type 3 has more prominent thighs compared to the waist and belly. Lower Body Type 4 has both a prominent belly and prominent thighs.

• 한국컴퓨터그래픽스학회논문지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2022

선형 스키닝 기반 3D 인체 생성 모델 SMPL (Skinned Multi-Person Linear Model)은 1990년대 미국 거주 미국인들 3천 8백여명을 대상으로 만들어진 3D 신체 데이터베이스인 CEASAR 로부터 최적화 기법을 통해 만들어진 가장 널리 쓰이는 통계적인 3D 모델이다. 본 연구는 한국인 체형의 통계적 특성을 보다 정확히 표현하는 SMPL기반의 한국인 체형 3D 모델을 제안한다. 이를 위해 우리는 한국인 여성 2천7백여명의 신체 각 부위의 실측 데이터에 기존 3D SMPL 모델을 피팅하는 비선형 최적화 알고리즘을 개발한다. 이를 사용하여 한국인 3D 신체 데이터베이스를 구축하고, 주성분 분석 방법으로 한국인 체형 기반 매개화된 3D 모델을 개발한다. 본 연구를 통해 제안하는 한국인의 체형적 특징을 가진 블렌드쉐입과 새로운 체형 파라미터는 기존 모델이 표현하는 체형에 비해 한국인 체형 데이터 특성을 잘 반영함을 확인하였다. 뿐만 아니라, 우리의 모델은 SMPL에 비해 신체 실측 데이터에 대한 피팅 정확도를 개선함을 확인하였다. 제안된 모델은 향후 아바타 생성이나 인체 형상 측정 등 다양한 용도로 사용될 수 있다.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.107-122
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• 2012

This thesis takes it an aim to analyze and compare the visual images which results from attaching the voluminous changes of the waist gathering to the basic Sarrouel pants, one of the Islamic costume, and also from the three body type influenced by these changes. The method of the investigation was to select basic designs of the Sarrouel pants, then the three pieces of the experimental clothes called pattern 1(50%), pattern 2(100%), and pattern 3(150%) were made respectively. The 3 types of the adult women were selected as models in a way to represent the S(S1), M(S2), L(S3) the female body indices of the K. S. The models wearing the 3 types of experimental clothes were taken pictures from the front, side and back, which the pictures were used for the evaluations for the visual effects. For the evaluation, the questionaire from 12 to 18, associated with the body types and images respectively were completed and collected in an investigative way. The visual effects by the waist gathering and body size are composed body and image emerged the four factors. Conclusively, the volume of the waist gathering gives a benefit only in terms of the appropriateness in which the voluminous gatherings compensate for the defects of the body type while too much gathering leads to the negative effects. The visual effects from the increased gathering gives the impressions of the more activity with the snugness as it decreases the feminine effects. The evaluation indices like the stiffness or the masculine images might be more or less predominant in this case. This might be ascribed to the fact that the Sarrouel pants were originated from the men's trousers in a real sense.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.11-27
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• 1994

The morphological development of the carotid body was studied by electron microscope in human fetuses from 40mm to 260mm crown rump length (10-30 weeks of gestational age). At 40mm fetus, the carotid body was composed of cluster of primitive glomus cells, primitive supporting cells, unmyelinated nerve fibers, and blood capillaries. In connective tissue between internal and external carotid arteries adjacent to the superior cervical sympathetic ganglion, two types of glomus cells through all prenatal period were found. Dark cells contained a dense cytoplasm with conspicuous large dense-cored granules, whereas light cells had a less dense cytoplasm with dense-cored granules. The light cells contained dense-cored granules that were smaller and less abundant than those in the dark cells. The primitive supporting cells appeared star-shaped with attenuated cytoplasmic extensions intervening between the adjacent glomus cells. Synaptic contact between the axon terminals and soma of the glomus cells were first observed at 40mm fetus. In 80-100mm fetus, the carotid body contained tightly packed collection of glomus cells and supporting cells which surrounded the abundant thin-walled blood vessels. Intercellular junctions between the glomus cells and adjacent cells were commonly seen. Nerve endings on the glomus cells have the form of small boutons and the other from of large calyces. During the second half of the fetal period, the glomus cells were completely enveloped by supporting cells and nerve terminals. At 260mm, the morphological features of carotid body were similar to those of human adult. The result of this study demonstrates that there are differences between the carotid body and aorticopulmonary bodies, especially with respect to their synaptic complexes, abundant blood capillaries, and two glomus cell types.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.495-501
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to evaluate the convenience of the tractor seatbelt. We selected four healthy men as subjects. We measured their body pressure and examined the comfort of the seatbelt, while driving 50m on three different types of agricultural road with two types of seatbelts: automatic and manual. As results, when they used manual seatbelt, subjective uncomfortable rate was much higher than the automatic seatbelt on all types of road. Especially, body pressure was undistributed while using manual seatbelt on rough road.