• Korean Security Journal
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• no.44
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• pp.139-167
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• 2015

It is known that Psychopathy is excessively selfish, using as a tool to achieve the purpose to others, irresponsible, easy liars in common. They were recognized that it is people of harmful to society, impulsive, attacking others body, ignorant others safety, enjoying or callousing others suffers. But, another aggressive behaviors are described as pro-social aggressive acts as the cops bring under control by firearms to hostage committing a crime in social norms. The proper aggression is related with national security and safety of the people that is pro-social aggression for nation and human society. Security service with the legal grounds and the convinced commitment needs self-giving works, self-sacrificial security-activity is in the center of security service. These days, psychologists reveal the people of psychopathy are CEO, politician, broadcaster, surgeon, special forces, police officer. And they distinguish themselves and contribute to a community in various fields. Therefor, this research wanted to find out the relationship between fearlessness, coldheartedness in the PPI-R(applying to the university student for checking psychopathy, except anti-social traits) and pro-social aggression, self-sacrificial security-activity.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.39-55
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to provide the necessary fundamental data in composing a systematic text content of the public health by analyzing each text, domain, and teaching contents suggested in the textbooks as well as teachers' guides of the 7th elementary school education curriculum, while the study subjects were as follows. 1. The health education content suggested in the 7th physical education curriculum were analyzed and examined. 2. The health teaching content of each textbook in the 7th elementary school curriculum was to be analyzed and examined. In order to resolve the above research issues, the physical, spiritual, and social domain along with the (1) Proper living habit, (2) Health and nutrition, (3) Sex education, (4) Prevention of the sense-organic diseases, (5) Cleanliness of food, (6) Oral hygiene, (7) Individual health and public health, (8) Safety in living, (9) Abuse and usage of medication, educational content suggested in the 7tand (10) Environment pollution focused around the health of the elementary school education curriculum was analyzed and its outcome was as below First, compared with the 6th elementary school education curriculum, the health content suggested in the 7th elementary school education curriculum was decreased. Second, although each grade's teaching content of the health domain in the physical education was considered in its structure following after the according systems, they were preponderant in partial subjects such as the safety in living, nutrition, proper living habit, sport, and health in sport. oo. Third, the health education content was organized in 4 units such as the physical growth and development, prevention of diseases, safe living, and leisure living(leisure, spiritual health, and etc.) for the 3rd and 4th grade. Then, as for 5th and 6th grade, it was organized in 3 units such as the understanding the human body, prevention of disease, and leisure and safe living. Fourth, in the physical educational health domain, a strong point was constructed within the physical, spiritual, and social areas of the elementary school physical education. Fifth, the number of the public health education contents directly related with the health education was 43 as with 25 indirect contents. Sixth, each grade's domain unit structure of the public health content was heavy upon the physical and social area throughout every grade while in opposite, the spiritual domain' s unit structure was weak. In according to each grade, the physical domain was stressed in 4, 5, and 6 grades while the social domain was stressed in 1, 5, and 6 grades.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.101-107
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• 2000

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of NA formation in the human body with salted and dried yellow corvenia(Gulbi, Pseudosciaena manchurica) steamed for 30 minutes and incubated in 10 ml simulated saliva and 40 ml gastric juice at 37。C for 2 hours. And the experiment studied the NA formation after nitrite, thiocyanate and ascorbic acid treatment under simulated gastric conditions. N-nitrosodimethylamine(NDMA) was not detected when nitrite was not added to the digestate mixture. And then increasing the nitrite concentration from 0.5 mM to 8 mM gave a slight increase in the NDMA formation at all level of Gulbi utilized in the experiment. In contrast to the change of the nitrite concentration, the increase of the amount of Gulbi didn't show any marked influence on NDMA formation. At all level of thiocyanate(1∼6.4 mM) tested, concentration of NDMA was still proportional to the nitrite concentration. In the catalytic ability of thiocyanate at another high level of nitrite(100 mM) no catalytic activity was observed up to the level of 8mM thiocyanate. The same amounts of salted fish(10 g) and ascorbic acid levels in each single digestate were used to prevent NDMA formation. No prevention effect was observed at nitrite concentration of 0.5 mM and 1 mM. Most importantly, the decrease of NDMA concentration, by the increase of ascorbic acid absolutely, was remarkably shown when nitrite concentration was high. On the contrary, according to the degree of ascorbic acid, the higher the amount of nitrite the higher the prevention of NDMA formation.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2007

Health functional foods refer to food which manufactured in the form of a tablet, capsule, granule or pill, using materials and ingredients with useful function for a human body in Korea. It needs to be confirmed as safe. Microbiological analyses on 37 samples of botanical raw materials used in the health functional food were performed. Microbiological analyses and probability of irradiation using PSL on 4 samples of aloe powder products were studied. In health functional food ingredients APC was $10^{3}-10^{6}\;CFU/g$ and coliform counts were $10^{2}-10^{5}\;CFU/g$. Among 37 samples B. cereus were found in 12 samples. Four samples of aloe powder products were tested for possible irradiation using preliminary PSL, Two samples of aloe powder products showed positive on preliminary PSL test for irradiation.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.526-531
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• 2020

Manganese ions contained in water phase are acting as a toxic substance in the human body and also known to affect the nervous system. In particular, effective treatment technology is required since manganese removal is difficult due to its high solubility in a wide pH range. In this study, Prinus densiflora bark was chemically modified with hydrogen peroxide, and the modified adsorbent was used for removing manganese ions in an aqueous solution. The modified adsorbent showed high removal capacity of 82.1 and 56.2%, respectively, at conditions of 5 and 10 mg/L manganese ions. Also, the adsorption isotherm from the data was applied to the theoretical equation. As a result, the adsorption behavior of manganese ions was better suited to the Langmuir than Freundlich model, and it was also found from kinematics that the pseudo-second order kinetic model was more suitable. In addition, the changes of Gibbs free energy indicated that the adsorption reaction became more spontaneously with increasing temperature. Consequently, these experimental results may be used as a water treatment technology which can efficiently treat manganese ions contained in water.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.24 no.10
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• pp.1008-1016
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• 2013

SAR measurement which was applied only to the mobile phone has been expanded in the Korean radio regulation law to the portable wireless communication equipments within 20 cm from the human body since Jan. 2012. The two-way radio operating at 150 MHz frequency band was newly included following the revised radio regulation in the target equipment of measurement. SAR measurement system at 150 MHz satisfying this regulation is necessary accordingly for SAR conformity assessment. The international SAR measurement standard(IEC 62209-2) includes the evaluation method on frequencies above 300 MHz, and the commercial SAR measurement system can measure SAR above 300 MHz only. The size of the reference dipole antenna(760 mm, return loss: -27.57 dB) and flat phantom ($1,300 mm(L){\times}900 mm(W){\times}200 mm(H)$), targeted SAR values for numerical analysis(1 g: 1.08 W/kg, 10 g: 0.77 W/kg) for SAR validation evaluation at 150 MHz frequency are proposed in this paper. The suggested dipole antenna and flat phantom are assembled and used to verify the conformity assessment of commercial SAR measurement system. The measured SAR values of 1 g and 10 g were obtained respectively to be 1.13 W/kg, 0.81 W/kg, and they satisfied the effective range(within ${\pm}10$ %) of IEC international standard. The standards based on this study are expected to be used for the domestic SAR measurement standard and IEC(International Electrotechnical Commission) international standard.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.45-55
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• 2020

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to determine whether Rhus verniciflua Stokes with Latin name Lacca Sinica Exsiccata, and Eucommia ulmoides Oliver with Latin name Eucommiae Cortex Extract Combination (ILF-RE) improves laboratory test results in participants with liver function disorder. Methods : This study was conducted at Woosuk university Korean medicine hospital where participants with high serum alanine transaminase (ALT) levels from 45 to 135 U/L were enrolled. Subjects received ILF-RE 3.6 g (1.2 g/day as ILF-RE) or placebo 3.6 g for 12 weeks. It was confirmed that urushiol was not detected in ILF-RE. The primary outcomes were the decrement degree of serum ALT and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels between two groups. The secondary outcomes were the decrement degree of serum aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LD), total bilirubin, total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG) and fatty liver index (FLI) levels between two groups. Adverse events, skin prick tests, laboratory tests, and vital signs were observed and analyzed to confirm the safety of ILF-RE.1) Results : In the ILF-RE group, the liver function index ALT, GGT, lipid metabolism index TG, and fatty liver index FLI were significantly decreased compared to the placebo group. There was no significant difference in ILF-RE group in terms of adverse events, severe adverse events, skin prick test, laboratory test, and vital signs compared with placebo group. Conclusions : ILF-RE was found to be effective in improving liver function. In addition, no clinically significant adverse events or body changes were observed during this study.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.605-612
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• 2021

Amid growing global damage due to abnormal weather caused by global warming, the introduction of eco-friendly cars is accelerating to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from internal combustion engines. Accordingly, many studies are being conducted in each country to prepare for the explosion of hydrogen fuel in semi-closed spaces such as tunnels and underground parking lots to ensure the safety of hydrogen-electric vehicles. As a result of predicting the explosion pressure of the hydrogen tank using the equivalent TNT model, it was found to be about 1.12 times and 2.30 times higher at a height of 1.5 meters, respectively, based on the case of 52 liters of hydrogen capacity. A review of the impact on the human body and buildings by converting the predicted maximum explosive pressure into the amount of impact predicted that all predicted values would result in lung damage or severe partial destruction. The predicted degree of damage was applied only by converting the amount of impact caused by the explosion, and considering the additional damage caused by the explosion, it is believed that the actual damage will increase further and safety and disaster prevention measures should be taken.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.65 no.6
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• pp.433-440
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• 2021

Surfactants are organic compounds that have both hydrophilic and non-polar parts in one molecule, classified as non-ion, anion, cation, and amphoteric surfactants according to the charge of hydrophilic parts in aqueous state. A trace amounts may remain when vegetables and fruits are washed using type1 detergent (Vegetable and fruit detergent), and there is a possibility of exposure to the human body through ingestion. This study developed the simultaneous analysis method for 5 surfactants with LC-MS/MS for analysis of detergent residues after washing vegetables and fruits with detergent. The mobile phase used distilled water and acetonitrile containing 50 mM ammonium formate and 0.1% formic acid and was analyzed using a gradient method using XBridge BEH C8 column. The accuracy of the established method was 83.9-112.1%, and the precision was less than 20%. The detection limit was 7.0 (SLS) to 29.0 (SLES-N3) ㎍/L, and the correlation coefficient (r²) of calibration line regression was greater than 0.99, it is considered suitable for the analysis of trace amounts of surfactant components remaining in vegetables and fruits.

• Clean Technology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.123-130
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• 2022

Nanoparticles are used in various fields such as chemistry, medicine, the environment, and information and communication. With the increasing use of engineered nanomaterials, exposure to nanoparticles is expected to increase in the workplace and the environmental media. However, while nanotechnology industries are expanding, research on the exposure assessment of nanomaterials to humans and the environment is only at a beginning stage. Especially, if nanoparticles with a size of 100 nm or less that are contained in nano-products are released unintentionally, they may pose potential risks to the human body through breathing or skin exposure. Therefore, in this work, the possibility of potential exposure of nanoparticles moving from the laboratory to the office was confirmed, and nanoparticle safety guidelines are proposed. A nano-collector was used to detect nanoparticles in the atmosphere, and through use of a scanning mobility particle sizer it was found that nanoparticle concentrations in the laboratory and the office tended to be similar. On the assumption that nanoparticles attached to a lab-coat move out of the laboratory, a lab-coat to which nanocarbon black was attached was shaken and the concentration of the remaining particles on the lab-coat determined. The results confirmed that sufficient amounts of nanoparticles attached to the lab-coat could move from the laboratory to the office along the path of a researcher; thus, safety guidelines for the handling of lab-coat nanoparticles are required.