• 대한상한금궤의학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-22
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• 2020

Objectives: To define the difference in the identity of the authors of 『傷寒論』 and 『黃帝內經』 by analyzing the etymology of 巫, 毉, 醫, and 工. Methods: We analyzed the meaning of three Chinese characters based on oracle bones and bronze inscriptions, and considered examples of their utilization in two books. Results:In 『Gangpyeong-Shanghanlun』, 巫appears once, 醫appears 28 times, and 工appears once. In 『Huangdi Neijing』, 巫appears twice, 醫appears 24 times, and 工appears 64 times. Conclusions: The authors of 『傷寒論』 recognized themselves as '醫', and they were doctors who mainly treated prescriptions in the liquid form represented by 湯(tang). The authors of 『黃帝內經』 recognized themselves as '工', and they were doctors who treated them with a tool represented by "acupuncture."

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.181-189
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• 2013

Huangdi Neijing was completed during the several decades after Shijiand before Qilue, whose main content draws from the medical achievements of Qin and Han Dynasty, and is deeply influenced by Confucianism, Buddhism and Daoism of Qin and Han Dynasty. What creates the profound impact on its construction of medical theories are the thoughts of this period, such as "Valuing life", "people", "Valuing Yang", "Valuing earth", "the Heaven theory", "the Unity of Man and Nature", and the important works of this period, such as Huai Nan Zi, Chun Qiu Fan Lu, Shiji. Even the astronomy, calendar and medical achievements of this period are the basic material absorbed into the theories of Huangdi Neijing.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.1271-1278
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• 2023

Objective: The 19 Mechanisms of Disease were first described in Huangdi Neijing. When examining Yixuexinwu, three descriptions that were different from Huangdi Neijing were found. Methods and Results: After examining the two books, three differences in the description of the 19 Mechanisms of Disease were discovered: 1) The upper and lower locations of dyspnea (喘症) are reversed. 2) The ratio of provisions for "fire (火)" and "cold (寒)" is different. 3) The organ affiliation for pain is different. Conclusion: 1) The upper and lower locations of dyspnea (喘症) are reversed. : Regarding external contraction dyspnea (外感喘), Yixuexinwu used the disease of the upper location (lung 上, 肺) in the same way as in Huangdi Neijing. In terms of internal damage (內傷喘), it was separately classified as a disease of the lower location (kidney 下, 腎). 2) The ratio of provisions for "fire (火)" and "cold (寒)" is different. : Arithmetically, if you round off the number after calculating the fraction, the difference between the two ratios becomes the same. Theoretically, five provisions of "fire" are replaced by four provisions of "heat (熱)", and the difference in ratios is exactly the same. Empirically, it emphasizes that there are more illnesses from fire and heat than from cold. 3) The organ affiliation for pain is different. : Huangdi Neijing described general inflammatory pain, while the Yixuexinwu described only stress-related abdominal pain (肝木乘脾 腹痛).

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.71-81
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• 2017

Objectives : The purpose of this paper is to clarify the social characteristics of the authors of Huangdi Neijing such as status, class, and political ideology. Methods : We analyze the Neijing text and the social order and historical situations in the Han dynasty. Results : Some authors of the Neijing were the local medical officers whose salary was 100~400shi. Their positions were medical craftsmen(yigong) or chief medical craftsmen(yigongchang). They would have published the Neijing after the administrative reforms(146-145 BCE) that began after the suppression of the Rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms. The bureaucrat yigong(chang) would have expected to participate in the public health policy of the empire or kingdom as an acupuncture expert. They would have also expected to contribute to the welfare and health of the privileged intellectual group and the public, hoping to ascend in status and class. Conclusions : By investigating the social characteristics of the authors who composed the Neijing, its various aspects would be newly understood.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.15-28
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• 1998

One's constitution is formed congenitally and is also acquired, and is relatively stable in its individually manifested function, structure and temperament. It has characteristics of universality, complexity, generality and continuity. It is also manifested in physiological responses and expresses pathologic tendencies including susceptibility. Attempts at understanding constitution has had a long history throughout the world. In Oriental Medicine, the constitution had been acknowledged from the "Huangdi Neijing", which has been a bible in Oriental Medicine for about two thousand years. In many aspects, the "Huangdi Neijing" provides the basis for both basic and practical fields. In order to derive the ideal structure from the "Huangdi Neijing" to Lee Je-ma's(Lee Jayma's) Sasang Constitutional ideas, which can strengthen the understanding of ideal core of Oriental Medicine's constitutional characteristics, the author launched his analysis of the constitutional understandings in the "Huangdi Neijing" as a first step and came to the following: 1. The constitutional understanding in the "Huangdi Neijing" was done both via the physiological responses to heat, pain and acupuncture treatment and the pathologic tendencies via body structure, strength, body heat, courage and obesity. 2. It was recognized that the constitution was formed congenitally and also acquired factors like living conditions including food customs, residents and geographical conditions were explained in detailed. 3. The constitutional typology was suggested both by the general and systematic criterion according to the Yin-yang and the Five phase theories and by single criterion such as obesity, courage and the response to acupuncture treatment. 4. As diagnosis is related to the constitution, courage was adopted for the disease caused by emotions, obesity was for its manifestations of qi and blood, the quantities of qi-blood and Yin-yang in the typology by the Yin-yang and Five phase theories were suggested. 5. In the case of obesity, Yin-yang and Five phase theory, treatment according to the constitutional ideas was mentioned, and their goals were concluded as "being the balancing between Yin and Yang" which means the Yin-yang theory is more practical than the Five phase theory in Oriental Constitutional Medical field. According to the above understandings, the author would like to suggest that the constitutional ideas in the "Huangdi Neijing" based on the Yin-yang theory blossomed via the practical spirit of Zhang Zhong-jing's "Shanghanlun" and at last from Lee Je-ma's(Lee Jayma's) Sasang Constitutional Medicine which realized "the balancing between Yin and yang" through the practical applications of herbal treatments.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.55-72
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• 2021

Objectives : This paper investigates the significance of the transmission ritual (TR) documented in the Huangdi Neijing (HN) and its effects on medicine pursued by HN's authors (medical bureaucrats). Methods : Descriptions of knowledge transmission and related ritual were identified from HN texts. They were compared with similar types of actions in ancient China, then historically reconstructed. They were also approached from the perspective of ritual studies. Results : It appears highly probable that TR in HN had actually been performed by the authors themselves, which shows characteristics of rites of passage. The participants accepted the in-group order based on patrimonial piety. TR consecrates the participants as well as its object, which is medical knowledge. Conclusions : In the field of TR, the participants shared not only a specific document or knowledge, but also their common experiences of medical perfection and sanctity. They constructed their noble group identity through TR. At the same time, TR inhibited arguments inside the group, in favor of one-way communication.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.145-166
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• 2017

Objectives : The paper aims to study the philosophical background of Huangdineijing by taking into account the fact that its ideas are identical to that of the period between the Warring States and Han. Methods : Through considering the period and the historical backdrop in which Huangdineijing was published, and through considering the book with other texts such as Huangdisijing, the paper draws the common spirit of the time and analyzed the cause and flow of philosophies and ideas that influenced Huangdineijing. Conclusions : 1. Books that upheld Huangdi contained within Hanshu・Yiwenzhi have a common point with the mythical symbol of Huangdi in that they are related to the rule of a nation and the creation of a civilization. Huangdi, who in Huangdineijing bears a need to be understand at this common point of view. 2. The spirit of the period between Warring States and Han can be deduced as "a movement towards unification" and "the development of a civilization infused with spirit of unification." Such spirit of time are reflected in Huangdineijing as Nine Acupuncture(Official Acupuncture) and the establishment of the measuring standards for meridian, bone, and internal organ, and the establishment of the concept of 'Pyungin.' Especially the construction of waterways that connected Huanghe and Yangzijiang river with their tributaries that formed a direct composition of unification was applied to human body in Huangdineijing, thereby establishing the concept of 'Mai'. 3. Unlike Lao Zhuang School of Taoism was not interested in the act of ruling at all, Huangdineijing and its contemporary publication Huangdisijing, present their readers with Number, Law, Rule, Regulation and Governance. Here, the philosophy and the idea which seek "Law" as the methods of ruling the nation by actively participating in the governance of the nation based on the model of natural law and rule appear. Such philosophy and idea is an evidence of the influence of Fajia in accordance with the social and realistic changes witnessed during the time.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.577-584
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine how the term Yin-Yang and Sasang categorized in the book "Huangdineijing". In order to investigate how the terms are used, we reviewed the text including the terms expressed in the manner of [(Yin/Yang) within (Yin/Yang)] and [Sasang]. We found three forms of expressions; [(Yin/Yang) within (Yin/Yang)], [Sasang], [(Sasang) within (Yin/Yang)]. Two paragraphs of [(Yin/Yang) within (Yin/Yang)] was found in one chapter, two paragraphs of [(Sasang)] was found in two chapters, and three paragraphs of [(Sasang) within (Yin/Yang)] was found in three chapters. We found five types of relation between [(Yin/Yang) within (Yin/Yang)], [Sasang], and five phases in "Huangdi neijing" as follows; (1) Yang within Yin, lesser Yang, and wood (2) Yang within Yang, greater Yang, and fire (3) ( ), ( ), and extreme Yin (4) Yin within Yang, lesser Yin, and metal, and (5) Yin within Yin, greater Yin, and water. And, as for the [(Yin/Yang) within (Yin/Yang)] and [(Sasang) within (Yin/Yang)], the classification criteria for Yin-Yang were brightness, abdomen/back or lumbar. The order of Sasang with the description form of [Sasang] or [(Sasang) within (Yin/Yang)] in "Siqi Tiaoshen Dalun" and "Liu Jie ZangXiang Theory" was lesser Yang, greater Yang, greater Yin, and lesser Yin, which is based on the meridian system or a plant-shaped change order. We discussed the results and its implication for the analysis of medical classics with the consideration of previous studies on Yin-Yang theories in "Huangdi neijing".

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.222-231
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• 2018

본 연구는 푸드테라피가 다차원적 건강 증진에 미치는 영향을 분석하고, 그 결과를 토대로 현대인들의 식생활에 시사점을 제공하고자 한다. 연구대상은 서울시와 경기도에 거주하는 30대 이상의 성인이었다. 총 230부의 설문 중, 최종적으로 220부의 설문을 분석에 활용하였다. 다차원적 건강은 주관적 건강(리커트 5점 척도), 기능적 건강(EQ-5D), 의학적 건강(이환의 합)으로 측정하였고, 푸드테라피는 황제내경의 원리에 입각하여 개개인의 체질을 고려하였다. 푸드테라피는 경험 여부(있음/없음), 복용 종류(종류의 합), 복용 기간(개월)으로 측정하였다. 회수된 설문은 독립표본 t검정과 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 의학적 건강상태에 유의한 영향을 미치는 독립변수는 복용종류와 복용기간이었다. 둘째, 기능적 건강에 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미치는 독립변수는 없었다. 셋째, 주관적 건강에 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미치는 독립변수는 없었다. 결국 푸드테라피는 의학적 건강에 유의한 영향을 미치고 있었다. 분석결과 현대인들의 건강수준에 푸드테라피가 유의한 효과가 있다는 사실을 확인하였다.