• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.113-122
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• 1997

This study analyzes behavior characteristics of illegal urban stall keepers scattered in the metropolitan area and their effects to urban life. The main findings of this study are follows. First, the stall keepers are different in terms of 1) items 2) opening hour and 3) user characteristics depending on locational environment of market boundaries. Second, the stall keepers exit in any time and any place if demand exists. Third, the effects of stall keepers to urban life are twofold ; they facilitate urban life by providing cheap and various commodities/services and they bring about negative effects such as obstacle to traffic flows, waste generation, and so on.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2001

This study was investigated the actual usefulness of bathrooms in individuals living in apartment. We performed a randomized questionaire study involving 487 individuals who use a unit-bathroom and live in apartment in Taegu and its rural cities for the period from May to June, 2000. Most of the individuals used bathroom for washing behavior of daily living, such as, washing hands, feet, face, and hair, except bathing. Almost all the individuals reported some complaints about the height and size of wash-stand when they wash face or hair. And most of the individuals does not use the bath-tube when they shower or bathe.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.9-17
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• 1996

The Purpose of this study is to understand the relationship between residential environment and healthy behavior by examining the effect of environmental stress on psychology and physiology. With anxiety, the acute environmental stressor activates sympathy nerve system and the chonic environmental stressor activates the intenal secretion system because this stress induces depression. Thus, we could find that the continuity of these kinds of stresses brings the chronic disease.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.59-67
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• 2003

The development of science technology and high growth of economy have influenced on the change of living environment and have changed people's way of thinking and behavior. Also, apartments has appeared to solve the shortage of housing in cities. This study has a thorough grasp about problems of juvenile playground in the apartments and comes the following conclusion as a result that all sorts of details for amusement behavior have been analyzed. First, juvenile playground should be harmonized with nature, and needs a construction of amusement place that include fixed amusement facilities. Second, for a constitution of dynamic amusement place, a school playground should be opened in the public and parking lots should be utilized for dynamic amusement place in a different time. Third, juvenile playground should be classified by age, especially infant amusement facilities should be installed where a landscape architecture has placed between buildings. Also a daylight should be shined into the place, under considering the installation of bench for parents and rest space. Fourth, a location of amusement place is needed a careful consideration of the environment and building placement, in addition that suitable distance should be set up for children to come into contact easily. Fifth, insufficient things should be complemented as compared with the standards of foreign amusement facilities and guideline should be suggested for maintenance and management of amusement place.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.106-122
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• 1994

The purpose of this study to investigate the awareness of environmental management knowledge and behavior and the effect of independent variables (The environmental management behavior of housewives are composed of five activities-clothing, eating, housing, buying, family management. The independent variables are composed of objective variable and subjective variable). The Research Questions are as follows; 1. Are there significant differences in the housewife's awareness of the environmental management knowledge according to the objective variable and the subjective variable? 2. How much are the effects of related variables on the awareness of environmental management knowledge? 3. Are there significant differences in the housewife's environmental management behavior according to objective variable and subjective variable and awareness of environmental management knowledge? 4. How much are effects of related variables on the housewife's environmental management behavior? For these purpose, a theoretical framework was developed by literature review and applied to empirical test. The data was collected through the questionnaire those respondents were 477 housewives in seoul. It was analyzed by various statistical methods such as Frequency. Percentile, GLM, F-test, T-test, Duncan's Multiple Range Test, Pearson's Correlations Analysis Simple Regression Analysis, and Multiple Regression Analysis. The results of this research are as follows; 1. The awareness of environmental management knowledge had significant differences according to the variables such as housewife's age, husband's job, family number, education experience of environment, frequencies of contracting mass media, the perceived adequacy of resources, social-altruistic orientation. 2. Among all of these variables affecting the awareness of environmental management knowledge, the perceived adequacy of resources had the highest effects and the next were family number, social-altruistic, type of residence in order. 3. Total Environmental management behavior of housewives had significant differences according to the variables such of environment, frequencies of contracting mass media, the satisfaction of household labor, the perceived adequacy of resources, biospheric orientation, social-altruistic orientation, egoism orientation, the awareness of environmental management knowledge. The clothing, eating, housing, family management behavior had the high level, the buying management behavior had the average level. The clothing, eating, housing, buying, family management behavior had significant differences according to the variables such as the satisfaction of household labor, the perceived adequacy of resources, biospheric orientation, social-altruistic orientation, egoism orientation, the awareness of environmental management knowledge. In particular, the clothing, eating, housing, buying management behavior had significant differences according to the variables such as education experience of environment. And the housing, buying management behavior had significant differences according to the variables such as frequencies of contracting mass media. 4. Among all of theses variables affecting environmental management behavior, the most influence variables was awareness of environmental management knowledge and the next were influence of housewife's job, biospheric orientation, the satisfaction of household labor, education experience of environment, frequencies of contraction mass media, egoism orientation in order. Among all of theses variables effecting the clothing, eating, housing, buying management behavior the variables affecting the family management behavior, the most influences variables was housewife's job. In the result of analysing the housewife's environmental management behavior and awareness of environmental management knowledge, influences of education experience of environment had the highest effect and frequencies of contracting mass media may more influencial than other variables. And Concrete and systematic knowledge and technique of environmental education is requisite. The result of this study could be attributed to develop the efficient environmental information. More emphasis should be given to environmental education and a long range environmental policy. in particular, environmental education be effectively related to environmental behavior, life-education and systematic support must be provided. In addition, further study of environmental problem is needed for and application of various theoretical approaches and research method.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.64 no.3
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• pp.564-573
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• 2022

In this study, considering the difficulties for all farms to convert farm styles to animal welfare-based housing, an experiment was performed to observe the changes in the behavior and welfare of sows when the slat floor was changed to a collective breeding ground. Twenty-eight sows used in this study were between the second and fifth parities to minimize the influence of parity. Using a flats floor cover, the flattening rates were treated as 0%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%. Data collection was the behavior of sows visually observed using a camera (e.g., standing, lying, fighting and excessive biting behaviors, and abnormal behaviors) and the animal welfare level measured through field visits. Lying behavior was found to be higher (p < 0.01) as the flattening rate increased, and sows lying on the slatted cover also increased as the flattening rate increased (p < 0.01). Fighting behavior wasincreased when the flattening rate was increased to 20%, and chewing behavior was increased (p < 0.05) as the flattening rate increased. The animal welfare level of sows, 'good feeding', it was found that all treatment groups for body condition score and water were good at 100 (p < 0.05). 'Good housing' was the maximum value (100) in each treatment group. As the percentage of floor increased, the minimum good housing was increased from 78 in 0% flattening rate to 96 in 50% flattening rate. The maximum (100) 'good health' was achieved in the 0% and 20% flattening rates, and it was 98, 98, and 99 in the 30%, 50%, and 40% flattening rate, respectively. 'Appropriate behavior' score was significantly lower than that of other paremeters, but when the flattening ratio was 0% and 20%, the maximum and minimum values were 10. At 40% and 50%, the maximum values were 39 and 49, respectively, and the minimum values were analyzed as 19 for both 40% and 50%. These results will be used as basic data about sow welfare for farmers to successfully transition to group housing and flat floors.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.35 no.12
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• pp.1817-1826
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• 2022

Public concern on the methods of raising food-producing animals has increased, especially in the last two decades, leading to voluntary and mandated changes in the animal production methods. The primary objective of these changes is to improve the welfare of farm animals. The use of gestational stalls is currently a major welfare issue in swine production. Several studies assessed the welfare of alternative housing systems for gestating sows. A comparative study was performed with gestating sows housed in either individual stalls or in groups in a pen with an electronic sow feeder. This review assessed the welfare of each housing system using physiological, behavioral, and reproductive performance criteria. The current review identified clear advantages and disadvantages of each housing system. Individual stall housing allowed each sow to be given an individually tailored diet without competition, but the sows had behavioral restrictions and showed stereotypical behaviors (e.g., bar biting, nosing, palate grinding, etc.). Group-housed sows had increased opportunities to display such behavior (e.g., ability to move around and social interactions); however, a higher prevalence of aggressive behavior, especially first mixing in static group type, caused a negative impact on longevity (more body lesions, scratch and bite injuries, and lameness, especially in subordinate sows). Conclusively, a more segmented and diversified welfare assessment could be beneficial for a precise evaluation of each housing system for sows. Further efforts should be made to reduce aggression-driven injuries and design housing systems (feeding regimen, floor, bedding, etc.) to improve the welfare of group-housed sows.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.1417-1429
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• 2004

The objective of the paper was to study the drinking and other related behavior of dairy cows (Bos taurus). There were 142 Holstein dairy cows observed and compared in this study. The experiment was designed on the basis of two different housing systems (wet pad with forced ventilation cooling house and open house); two different seasons (winter and summer); four different stages (high milk yielding cows, low milk yielding cows, dry cows, and heifers); and grouping (home and visitor animals). All cows had free access to water. Dairy cows spent 13.8 min/day drinking in wet-pad house and 11.7 min/day in open house. owever, there was no significant difference in the duration of water drinking between these two housing systems (p>0.05). The water consumption was significantly higher in wet-pad housed animals (68 L/day) than open-housed animals (31.5 L/day) (p<0.05). A significant interaction between housing and grouping (p<0.05) was found. Home and visitor animals spent more time drinking in open house, wet-pad house, respectively. A highly significant interaction was found between housing and drinking time during the day (p<0.001). Animals in open house drank more during the morning (6:00 to 10:00 h), whereas wet-pad housed animals drank in the afternoon (14:00 to 15:00 h) and evening (18:00 to 20:00 h). The average time a cow spent in drinking in summer was not ignificantly different from that of drinking in winter. However, the water intake was significantly higher in summer (61.9 L/day) than in winter (38.6 L/day) (p<0.05). Drinking activity showed a highly significant interaction between season and physiological stage (p<0.01). High milk yield cows spent more time drinking in summer than in winter, whereas cows in all other stages followed the opposite drinking pattern. Grouping exchange did not influence the drinking behavior of dairy cows in either season (p>0.05); both home and visitor animals spent almost the same time in drinking water. A strong significant interaction between season and time during the day was found(p<0.01), suggesting that animal's high drinking frequency occurred during the daytime for both seasons, with a peak midday in winter and two peaks at 10:00 h in the morning and 19:00 h in summer. Thus, drinking behavior was associated with the cooler time of day in summer and with the warmer hours of day in winter. High and low milk yielding cows and heifers spent 15.3 min/day, 14.3 min/day, and 12.8 min/day, respectively, in water drinking activity, but there was no significant difference among them (p>0.05). There was, however, a significant difference in water drinking activity found in dry cows, which spent less time in drinking at 8.2 min/day (p<0.05).

• 한국노년학
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.563-579
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to examine predictors of move intention to welfare housing in Korea. Participants completed a questionnaire which included measures of socioeconomic variables, variables of the theory of planned behavior. The data was collected from 380 elderly women over the age of 60 in Korea. This study was examined by statistical analysis on SPSS program 18.0. The results of this study are as follows. First, the attitude of elderly women have a positive effect on welfare housing. Second, the subjective norm of elderly women have a positive effect on welfare housing. Third, the perceived behavioral control of elderly women positively effect on welfare housing. The results of this study prove that attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control is part of the theory of planned behavior. The finding shows that modified, the theory of planned behavior can be used as a guide in predicting behavioral intention. we should be responsible for the follow-up and monitoring of situations and reevaluate periodically to ensure that needs are being met and services are appropriate. These things are very important to succeed for senior citizens in Korea.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.215-226
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• 2015

In this research, The impact factor based on previous studies was composed of attitudes, subjective norms, and executive organization. The purpose of this study was to analyze how these factors have affected on the behavior intention and the behavior the parking regulatory policy using The theory of reasoned action. In addition, The effect of moderate variable(residence, housing type) to be verified. Conducted a survey of the area that was subjected to the parking regulatory policy, and the survey result was analyzed. After verifying the hypothesis using structural equation modeling, Two factors (Attitude, subjective norm) were found to be on the positive effect on the behavior intention and Two factors (Attitude, executive organization) were found to be on the positive effect on the behavior. As a result of verifying the effect of moderate variable(residence, housing type), The residence variable showed a significant moderating effect on the relationship between attitudes and behavior and the housing type variable turned out a significant moderating effect on the relationship between enforcement agency and behavior. On the basis of this analysis, presented a practical way for regulatory compliance or Non compliance on the parking regulatory policy.