• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.93-98
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• 2019

Recently, the rise in the housing burden on young couples has led to a serious housing poverty among young people. The number of young people who move into public rental housing is very small because the eligibility for public rental housing is determined based on income, the status of housing subscription, and the size of the household. With this background, the government launched a public rental housing program called Happy Housing Project, which gives young people the priority to move in first. However, the program is facing an obstacle due to the opposition of local residents. The purpose of this paper is to examine whether public rental housing can induce the NIMBY syndrome through conducting a literature review, followed by an analysis of NIMBY syndrome around the currently supplied Happy House development areas, and finally analyzing the household characteristics in order to identify which households were prone to the NIMBY syndrome. To confirm the existence of the NIMBY syndrome, this paper comparatively analyzed the two groups using binary logit analysis. The first group consists of households that are against the Happy House policy, and the second group consists of households that are aware of the Happy House development taking place in their neighborhoods, and are against the development. This study considered the households against the Happy House development in their neighborhoods to have NIMBY tendencies, and focused on comparing the households with NIMBY tendencies with those who do not. To confirm whether the residents around the Happy House neighborhoods have NIMBY tendencies, this paper compared the two groups and confirmed that about 4% of the households have NIMBY tendencies. This paper subsequently analyzed the households with NIMBY tendencies, and found them to have a higher number of children, reside in apartments and reside in owned homes. The volume of the 2018 Happy Housing (35,000 households) is three times higher than that of 2017. The present study aims to analyze the tendency of residents who oppose the construction of Happy Housing so as to derive policy implications for the smooth provision of public rental housing.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.37-52
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• 2004

The rural living improvement in Japan operates in considerations of socio-eoonomic circumstances of rural community as in Korea. After 1945 the program emphasized the improvement of living conditions such as poverty alienation improvement of house and toilet nutrition after war, From 1955, health programs including better cooking and nutrition, house modification and improved living conditions corresponding to the goal of the developed country were carried out. In 1965. the goal of the rural home economics was focused on the harmonized production and living, improvement of the levels of rural living, health and building rural community. From 1975, the goals of the program were to organize the farming in the better ways and improvement of rural women's role. In 1985, making agreeable living conditions was emphasized under the goal of vital rural society. From the period of Heysey(1989${\sim}$), for better living of rural people the government is emphasizing the programs including farm labor management, utilization of farm products, farm management and rural environments. Recognizing the important influencing resources of agents in extension services, on the job and education was implemented step by step from basic to planning to upgrade competencies. The government is trying to construct better with infrastructures, encouraging direct selling the value-added processed food from local farm products with rural people's real name and other countryside resources. Major programs in the 21st centuries are building better rural society with men and women together and considering elders as well as new farmers.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.71-80
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• 2017

Korea is facing various social problems including single elderly household, increase in the number of disabled people and poverty rate and a difference in the proportion of males to females between urban areas and rural areas along with the advent of rapid aging society. Especially, the ratio of poor households in rural areas residing in housing which falls below the minimum housing level and most of them are in the dead zone of housing welfare. In addition, if it is impossible for them to move (relocate) to new housing, the house remodeling is the only measure for improving their housing welfare. However, we don't have enough prior relevant academic and practical experience, and house remodeling requires a series of process including prior planning construction and post-occupancy evaluation, but almost no fundamental research that provides relevant insight has been carried out. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to describe all field situations that occur in the whole customized house remodeling process for disabled female senior citizens living alone in a rural area. The remodeling process was classified into initial planning stage, field verification and adjustment stage and construction stage as the method to participate in the field directly, and any change in the remodeling plan and its causes at each stage were analyzed. As a result, some remodeling items were changed from the main viewpoint of participating parties before the beginning of construction and for reasons such as the deterioration level of housing site, limitation in building equipment and rearrangement of housing, etc., and the remodeling method and its details were developed. It was identified that constant change that occurred in the remodeling process resulted from 1) unique poor characteristics of existing housing and 2) physical condition of residents and their unique lifestyle characteristics that were two aspects required to be emphasized by customized remodeling.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.39-45
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• 2014

Energy poverty has been defined as low-income households who paid energy cost more than 10% of their ordinary income. Therefore, there are various subsidy programs focused on house remodeling for low-income households and one of them is the Home Energy Efficiency Assistance Program which have done by Korea Energy Foundation since 2007. The aim of the program is to improve the thermal performance of dilapidated dwellings and analyzed the detached house for the low-income households to develop the building typology. The database contained approximately 3,061 households which was obtained from the program in 2013 and the results of the study were like this; 1) For the shape of residential houses, the number of rectangular shaped building was higher than non-rectangular shaped ones. 2) For the orientation of buildings, the south layout of the detached housing was dominant to gain heating energy into buildings. 3) For the floor area, the average floor area was $44.2m^2$, although its size varied wide variations, which range from $6.3m^2$ to $107.1m^2$. 4) For the windows and doors, the south-facing window was larger than the other side. Finally it would be possible to determine the characteristics of residential houses for low-income families. A future study could establish typology of low-income housing that it would estimate the performance of each model building before and after the retrofit to improve the energy performance.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.12 s.202
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• pp.93-106
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• 2004

This study examines the economic status and effect variables of expenditure of single elderly households using the 1996 Expenditure Survey of Urban Families from the Korea National Office. This study examined gender differences in total house income, expenditure and effect variables of expenditure. The results show that women had lower economic condition than men and that income is the most effective variable of expenditure for both. The result imply the need of employment and active support to improve household income especially for women who have a higher possibility of poverty.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.379-382
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• 2005

The modern has been the aged society. It is also the result of the improvement of the whole living conditions such as the improvement of medical health and national income level. But, as nuclear family has been extended according to industrialization and urbanization, the consciousness of supporting the aged has been weakened. And the problems of old people such as poverty, disease and alienation has been raised. This study propose the three activation methods for paid elderly welfare house which will be another measures for solving the aged problems

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.39-45
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the energy saving and cost benefit analysis of the Low-income Energy Efficiency Treatment Program supported by KOREF(Korea Energy Foundation). This program was launched in 2007 and performs building energy retrofit for the low-income and energy poverty houses. Method: Energy simulation and cost benefit analysis were accomplished for the low-income detached houses. The structure of detached house was a lot og block structure, wood frame (single glass) and concrete roof. Baseline model of the low-income detached houses was proposed. Result: Annual heating energy consumptions were decreased by about 3.2% with the window system replacement(Case 1), 9.3% with reinforcement of insulation(Case2), and 12.5% with both(Case 3) compared to those of baseline model. The construction cost will be recouped within 5 years for the Case 1, 3 years for the Case 2, and 3 years for the Case 3. Case 3 was the most cost beneficient construction method in the analyzed cases in this study.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.171-184
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• 2015

This study aims to explore the realities of life and the utilizing experience of housing improvement service among the vulnerable living in the indecent house. For this purpose of this study, we conducted in-depth interview with nine interviewees. As the result of this study, we figured out that the vulnerable living in the poor house had experienced psychological withdrawals, restricted of social activities, health problems, and feelings of insecurity. However, they could not afford to improve their houses because they were living below or near the poverty line. Local government provided the housing improvement service to cope with this problem. The people received this service gave positive reviews. Since their residential environment was improved, they felt easiness, strengthened social relationships, and expected a warm winter. Despite of 'thankful service', the housing improvement service had some limitations. Because of the limited budgets, full-scale construction services were unfeasible. Also we figured out it is necessary to make a change in housing policies for the people living in the poor houses. In the conclusion, we discussed and proposed the policies and practical suggestions.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.77-86
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• 2010

This study is about Tak Mok theory of feng-shui ideology which was main thought in Choson dynasty or some other thoughts and noble families' thought of garden building : planting trees and properties of the noble families garden. The result from the study of noble family's garden molding is as follows. In the noble family's garden molding, there were considerations of plant ecology known through long experience and the functional aspect of planting tree and esthetic sense of housing circumstances, in addition to feng-shui thought, Taoist thought and the doctrine of the five natural elements of the positive vs. negative. We can learn Choson's noble family's garden included playroom as well as symbolic and incantatory meaning. Also in the thought of noble family's garden molding we can found proper element for modern housing plan such as an ecological peculiarity or functional aspect of dwelling circumstance. And we can also found they didn't show a rejection symptoms against nature but enclosed with straight form which was traditional trait, and each space of it is composed organically. Also we knew they selected a diverse and refined technique with it's decorating the Choson dynasty playful and meditative space. We found that the key point of the thought of noble family's garden molding were on the basis of Confucianal mood, content amid poverty thought and free technique of it.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.577-592
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• 1996

The forming process of poverty region in Taegu and the feature of its spatial distribution which are reviewed hitherto can be summarized like this. 1) In the froming porcess of poverty region in Taegu, during the soverignty of Japanese Empire petty farmers became tenantry by the colonial agricultural policy of Japanes Empire and some of those came into the city and g\became urban poor class. They generally lived in poor houses or dugouts in the city, and 6.6$\circ$ of poor house and dugouts of the whole country were in Taegu and 4.9$\circ of the popolatio in Taegu resided there. During the period of disorder, because of the historic accidents, such as the restoration of independence and Korean War, the returnees from aboad and refugees converged into the big city so that those who need the country's relief stood out as new poor class. They generally made their dwellings with tents and straw-bags on vacant grounds in suburbs living form hand to mouth and shaped the poor houses area, so-clalled "Liberated Village". During the developing period, the number of those who need aid gradually decreased, but the problem of poor people by the city-concentration of the poeple who shifted from agricultrual jobs by economic development came to the front. They mostly lived in squatter area forming large poor class area, and generally located near the center of Taegu consisiting of West. South. East Ward. 2) Reviewing the the feature of spatial distribution, the proportion of poor class are highest within 1~2km from the center of the city and also high within 2~3km form the center and suburbs. The poor class area in the center of the city are mostly cleared and removed area and in suburbs by the construction of permanently leased, and leased apartments large grouped poor class areas are forming. In Taegu, 16 low-income class group residence areas and residential environement improving areas are dispersed so that they came under the so-called poor class area. But by the improvement of dewelling environment and living the poor people who lived in groups dispersed or bettered their living for themselves, so the poverty area is greatly chaning into average-levelled residence area, and on the other hand, large poor people's apartment complexes are being constructed in suburbs. 3) Up to now, the distribution of poverty area could be limited its scale to generally the area within 1~3km because the poverty region which had been in suburbs relatively came near the center of the city by the rapid urbanization and poor people preferred that area because of the living convenience facilities as well as the transportation facilities and job-hunting being near the center of the city. But now poor people's apartment complex is being constructed regardless of their zone of job sites, so the low proportion of occupation is pointed as a new problem.