• 설비공학논문집
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• 제3권5호
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• pp.404-414
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• 1991

The purpose of this study is to compare the amount of heating, domestic hot water, and cooking fuel consumption with that of heating fuel consumption by the existing calculation method and to provide rational heating system design and energy conservation through presenting the simplified equation which can anticipate the amount of heating, domestic hot water, and cooking and the load mechanical equipments. The affecting factors to the amount of energy consumption are the case of Heating, Domestic Hot Water and Cooking in addition to the energy conservation intention.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.175-180
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• 2008

Flow quantity to supply to a coil in floor heating system is important to achieve comfortable indoor air condition in the winter season. The hot water header is used to distribute the water into the coil. Experimental study has been performed using the water header that have 5 branches consisted of flow control valves and automatic shut-off valves. Each branch line connected it with X-L pipe. Experimental tests accomplished it to investigate the flow distribution characteristics of the hot water header. Experimental results show that the selection of the pump head and differential pressure are very important to save running energy of the system, and high differential pressure needs more friction loss in the case of suitable differential pressure for balancing of the header.

• 한국윤활학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국윤활학회 1998년도 제28회 추계학술대회
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• pp.175-180
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• 1998

This paper describes evaluation of oxidation stability for diesel engine oils by Hot-tube oxidation tester at high temperature. Evaluation was rated by visual inspection of lacquer in capillary glass tube and TAN determination of used oil. Air, NO$_2$-air and SO$_2$-air mixed gases were used as oxidizing gas. One oil which has low oxidation stability is selected and reformulated by addition of some additives such as antioxidant, detergent and disperant to improve oxidation stability. As a results of reformulation, antioxidant and detergent was effective for improvement of high temperture oxidation stability on diesel engine oil.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.588-592
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• 2006

PV Thermal combined system produces the electricity and thermal energy which are needed for buildings. The system removes heat from PV module through air or liquid, so that its efficiency will be improved. The heat as the forms of hot air or hot water can be utilized for building use, like space heating and hot water. This paper describes the concept of PV Thermal combined system and its research and development trend at local and international levels. This materials can be used as a fundamental study source about PV Thermal combined system to apply fur building space heating.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.857-864
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• 2007

In the current residential building, hot water supply system consumes the second largest energy in order to make the thermal comport condition of residential space. The more residential environment improves the more the demand for hot water and water consumption is increasing gradually. So this study examines the possibility of applying the recirculation for individual hot water supply system compared with the existing method for waiting time for hot water, wasted water and energy consumption. The results are as follows. (1) In case of recirculation system method the waiting time for hot water can be reduced up to $69\sim85%$ in spring and fall period and so dose up to $77\sim85%$ in winter period. (2) The total wasted water has a little change compared with the existing method which can make the total wasted water reduced about $77\sim86%$. (3) The efficiency of hot water supply system can be improved, if the method which blocks the inflow of cold water is applied, when return pump is operated to recirculate hot water in recirculation system.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.69-76
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• 1979

This study attempted to characterize the powder and sintered specimen of Mn-Zn ferrite that was prepared by Hot Petroleum Drying Method. The results of the experiment were as follows: 1. The mixed sulfate powder prepared by Hot Petroleum Drying Method was homogeneous and very reactive. The ferrite formation of this powder occurred at lower temperature than the one prepared by Sulfate Dry Mixing Method. 2. The calcined oxide powder prepared by Hot Petroleum Drying Method was found to be agglomerated, and therefore it was very difficult to compact this powder. 3. The sintered density was 4.95g/㎤, 97% of the theoretical density, when the specimen was prepared by Hot Petroleum Drying method, calcined at 90$0^{\circ}C$ in air for 3h, sintered at 1,30$0^{\circ}C$ in air for 3h, and then cooled in nitrogen. 4. The discontinuous grain growth occurred at lower temperature in the specimen prepared by Hot Petroleum Dyring Method than in the one prepared by Sulfate Dry Mixing Method. The discontinuous grain growth was considered to be due to the presence of liquid formed by addition of CaO and $SiO_2$.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.503-511
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• 2002

Heat flow characteristics during hot water extraction process was studied experimentally. Data were taken at various outlet port type for the fixed inlet port type, inlet-outlet temperature differences and mass flow rates. In this study, the temperature distribution in a storage tank and an outlet temperature were measured to predict a degree of stratification in the storage tank, and a useful rate of hot water was analysed with respect to the variables dominating a extraction process. Experimental results show that the degree of stratification and useful rate of hot water are all high in a low flow rate in case of using modified distributor I (MDI) as the outlet port type.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.123-128
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• 1990

여러 가지 해동방법 중에서 비교적 급속해동을 할 수 있는 열풍해동방법과 microwave 해동방법으로 냉동 돈육을 해동하여 해동육의 이화학적 성질을 조사하였으며, $4^{\circ}C$ 냉장해동육의 이화학적 성질을 비교하여 최적 해동방법을 모색하고자 하였다. 열풍온도를 높이고 해동육 표면온도를 낮출수록 열풍해동속도는 빨랐으며, microwave 해동시에는 출력이 크고 해동육심부온도가 낮을수록 해동속도가 빨랐다. 이 때 microwave 해동방법은 열풍해동방법보다 유의적으로 빠른 해동속도를 보였다. $4^{\circ}C$ 냉장해동육의 TBA가와 microwave 해동육의 TBA가는 유사하였으나 열풍해동육인 경우에는 열풍온도가 높아질수록 TBA가는 유의적으로 높았다. Microwave해동육의 가용성단백질추출성은 $4^{\circ}C$ 냉장해동육과 유사하였지만 열풍해동육보다는 높았다. 해동육의 보수성과 조리손실과의 관계는 고도의 상관성을 나타냈으며, microwave 해동육이 열풍 해동육보다 보수성이 좋았고 조리손실은 줄었다. 육표면에 존재하는 세균수는 $4^{\circ}C$ 냉장해동육에서보다 열풍 해동육과 microwave 해동육에서 적었다. 이상의 결과에서, 냉동육을 해동할 때, 육량감소를 줄이고 해동육의 기능성을 좋게 유지할 수 있는 해동조건으로서는 열풍해동에서는 $50^{\circ}C$ 열풍으로 육표면온도를 $25^{\circ}C$까지 해동시킬 때가, microwave로 해동하면 195W의 출력으로 육심부온도를 $-2^{\circ}C$까지 해동시키는 것이 가장 좋은 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.2407-2414
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• 1992

본 연구에서는 정온도 열선식 공기유량계의 전체적인 회로를 구성한 다음, 여 기에 간단한 온도보상시스템을 첨가함으로써 유동온도의 변화에 관계없이 일정한 출력 이 나오도록 하고, 이에 관련된 온도보상시스템의 메카니즘을 규명하고자 한다. 온 도보상시스템은 여러 가지가 알려져 있으나, Drubka(1977)가 열선브릿지에 단지 온도 센서(thermistor)를 삽입하고, 과열비(overheat ratio), 열선의 냉저항과 작동 중의 저항차, 열선의 브릿지상단에서의 출력 중 한 가지를 일정하게 유지시켜 온도보상을 수행하는 방법을 제안하였다. Takagi(1985)는 위의 방법 중 과열비를 일정하게 유지 시키는 방법을 택하고, 출력으로 브릿지상단의 전압이 아닌 열선에 흐르는 전류를 감 지함으로써 더욱 더 간단한 온도보상시스템을 제안하였다. 본 연구는 바로 이 방법 을 채용하여 온도보상을 수행한다.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.740-750
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• 2003

It has been observed that the cooling capacity of an impinging water jet is affected by the seasonal conditions in large-scale steel manufacturing processes. To confirm this phenomenon, cooling experiments utilizing a hot steel plate cooled by a laminar jet were conducted for two initial ambient air temperatures (10$^{\circ}C$ and 40$^{\circ}C$) in a closed chamber, performing an inverse heat conduction method for quantitative comparison. This study reveals that the cooling capacity at an air temperature of 10$^{\circ}C$ is lower than the heat extracted at 40$^{\circ}C$. The amount of total extracted heat at 10$^{\circ}C$ is 15% less than at 40$^{\circ}C$ , These results Indicate the quantity of water vapor, absorbed until saturation, affects the mechanism of boiling heat transfer.