• 천문학회보
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.63-63
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• 2012

The Square Kilometre Array (SKA) will be the world's largest and most sensitive radio telescope. It will address a wide range of fundamental questions in physics, astrophysics, cosmology and astrobiology. Australia, one of the two countries selected to host the SKA, has spent several years preparing by opening up the Murchison Radio-astronomy Observatory (MRO) as a uniquely radio quiet site in Western Australia, and by constructing the world's most powerful radio survey telescope, the Australian SKA Pathfinder (ASKAP). The SKA will be built in two phases. Phase I will include ASKAP, which will use novel phased-array feeds and grow to become "SKA-survey". Phase I will also include a dish array ("SKA-mid") in South Africa and a low-frequency array ("SKA-low") in Australia, and is slated for operation from about 2020. Phase II of the SKA will consist of further expansion of SKA-low and SKA-mid and is due for completion in the middle of the next decade.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1994년도 추계학술대회 논문집 학회본부
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• pp.385-387
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• 1994

Optical interconnections are more attractive than electronic interconnections because of their higher speed, freedom from planar constraints, immunity to electromagnetic interference effects and higher interconnection capacity. Volume hologram is one of the best way to implement optical interconnections. Diffraction efficiency and crosstalk effect are very important things for ensuring independent interconnections. Recently, a general systematic method that can handle a large number of superposed volume gratings in anisotropic host material is presented. In this study for numerical analysis of diffraction, above method is programmed in general form near Bragg angle. Diffraction orders for variation of grating strength are determined by comparing with the coupled-mode method. The effects of parameter variation are considered. Parameters include vertical and azimuthal incident angle, wavelength and interaction length. Diffraction analyses are also performed for intra-mode and inter-mode diffractions.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.599-617
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• 2017

Due to the rapid growth and expansion of the Internet, the digital multimedia such as image, audio and video are available for everyone. Anyone can make unauthorized copying for any digital product. Accordingly, the owner of these products cannot protect his ownership. Unfortunately, this situation will restrict any improvement which can be done on the digital media production in the future. Some procedures have been proposed to protect these products such as cryptography and watermarking techniques. Watermarking means embedding a message such as text, the image is called watermark, yet, in a host such as a text, an image, an audio, or a video, it is called a cover. Watermarking can provide and ensure security, data authentication and copyright protection for the digital media. In this paper, a new watermarking method of still image is proposed for the purpose of copyright protection. The procedure of embedding watermark is done in a transform domain. The discrete cosine transform (DCT) is exploited in the proposed method, where the watermark is embedded in the selected coefficients according to several criteria. With this procedure, the deterioration on the image is minimized to achieve high invisibility. Unlike the traditional techniques, in this paper, a new method is suggested for selecting the best blocks of DCT coefficients. After selecting the best DCT coefficients blocks, the best coefficients in the selected blocks are selected as a host in which the watermark bit is embedded. The coefficients selection is done depending on a weighting function method, where this function exploits the values and locations of the selected coefficients for choosing them. The experimental results proved that the proposed method has produced good imperceptibility and robustness for different types of attacks.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.63-82
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• 2017

본 연구는 중국 캐시미어 민영기업의 해외진출에 관한 장벽요인을 부패, 정치적 리스크, 시장의 변동성, 문화적 차이, 그리고 기업의 자원부존도 측면에서 탐색하는 것이다. 현존하는 실무적 배경을 조사하기 위하여 내몽고에 위치하고 있는 후허하오터(呼和浩特), 바오터우(包頭), 오르도스(鄂爾多斯)에서 캐시미어 해외수출입 업무를 담당하고 있는 민영기업을 대상으로 조사를 실시하였다. 해외 현지국의 부패 및 정치적 리스크는 중국의 해외진출전략에 유의미한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났으며 해외 현지국의 시장변동성은 기업의 성과에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 문화적인 차이는 비즈니스 성과에 부정적인 영향을 미치고 민영기업의 자원부존은 해외진출전략의 비즈니스 성과에 긍정적인 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 토론에서 중국 민영기업의 해외진출전략의 장애를 극복하기 위한 중국 정부정책 및 산업생태계에 대한 실무적 시사점을 기술하였다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.46-60
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• 2022

The genetic variability and population structure of apple mosaic virus (ApMV) have been studied; however, synonymous codon usage patterns influencing the survival rates and fitness of ApMV have not been reported. Based on phylogenetic analyses of 52 ApMV coat protein (CP) sequences obtained from apple, pear, and hazelnut, ApMV isolates were clustered into two groups. High molecular diversity in GII may indicate their recent expansion. A constant and conserved genomic composition of the CP sequences was inferred from the low codon usage bias. Nucleotide composition and relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) analysis indicated that the ApMV CP gene is AU-rich, but G- and U-ending codons are favored while coding amino acids. This unequal use of nucleotides together with parity rule 2 and the effective number of codon (ENC) plots indicate that mutation pressure together with natural selection drives codon usage patterns in the CP gene. However, in this combination, selection pressure plays a more crucial role. Based on principal component analysis plots, ApMV seems to have originated from apple trees in Europe. However, according to the relative codon deoptimization index and codon adaptation index (CAI) analyses, ApMV exhibited the greatest fitness to hazelnut. As inferred from the results of the similarity index analysis, hazelnut has a major role in shaping ApMV RSCU patterns, which is consistent with the CAI analysis results. This study contributes to the understanding of plant virus evolution, reveals novel information about ApMV evolutionary fitness, and helps find better ApMV management strategies.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2007년도 춘계종합학술대회
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• pp.695-698
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• 2007

최근 유 무선 홈 네트워크를 위한 다양한 기술들이 개발되고 있는데, 이러한 기술들을 수용하여 가정내 유무선 정보가전기들을 인터넷을 통해서도 통합제어 가능한 효율적인 미들웨어를 필요로 한다. UPnP(Universal Plug and Play)는 기본적으로 표준 TCP/IP 프로토콜에 근거하여 PnP(Pulg and Play)개념을 네트워킹에 확장한 것이다. 지능형 가전, 무선기기 및 모든 종류의 PC들을 연결하기 위한 파급력이 있는 P2P(Peer to Peer) 네트워크 연결 구조를 지닌다. UPnP는 TCP/IP를 기본으로 하여 가정내 정보가전들을 통합제어 하기위한 홈 네트워크 미들웨어로 제시되어 상용화 되고 있지만 그 한계가 내부 네트워크에 국한되고 기능의 한계와 다른 기기들을 제어하기가 힘들다. 본 논문에서는 인터넷 홈 네트워크 가전 제어를 위해 UPnP를 확장하여 인터넷 게이트웨이를 통하여 인터넷망을 통하여 서로간의 모든 기능 및 컨트롤이 가능한 시스템 구축을 연구한다.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.36-50
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• 2021

In the COVID-19 era, globally, companies in the fashion industry are pursuing new convergence methods through digital technology. Conventional fashion shows have become difficult to run exclusively, instead, the shows are run through a combination of offline and digital arrangements. This paper examines the trends of seven digital fashion show weeks in London, Paris, Milan, New York, Seoul, Shanghai, and Tokyo, and presents strategies applicable in Korea's Seoul Digital Fashion Week. We focused on the digital technology used in the digital fashion weeks fashion brands, and the characteristics of the host cities. The study conducted a literature review and case study through corporate and research report data, and the Fashion Week website. Based on the study results, changes in fashion industry calendars like 'See now, Buy now', seasonless, and unified collections for men and women, expansion of D2C system, the rise of short-form contents, and the expansion to the virtual world space and physical limitations can be cited as changed trends. The study provides insight into the incorporation of the Korean Wave and K-Pop singers, industrial structure change, and the establishment of B2B system in the Seoul digital fashion week. The shift to the digital runway is not only an alternative method to cope with the COVID-19 era but also a new "new normal". Fashion shows are no longer fixed and planned in free spaces. As a venue displaying the creator's personality, digital fashion week is expected advance in the future.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.14.1-14.26
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• 2024

The inflammatory response during cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) involves immune and non-immune cell cooperation to contain and eliminate Leishmania parasites. The orchestration of these responses is coordinated primarily by CD4⁺ T cells; however, the disease outcome depends on the Th cell predominant phenotype. Although Th1 and Th2 phenotypes are the most addressed as steers for the resolution or perpetuation of the disease, Th17 cell activities, especially IL-17 release, are recognized to be vital during CL development. Th17 cells perform vital functions during both acute and chronic phases of CL. Overall, Th17 cells induce the migration of phagocytes (neutrophils, macrophages) to the infection site and CD8⁺ T cells and NK cell activation. They also provoke granzyme and perforin secretion from CD8⁺ T cells, macrophage differentiation towards an M2 phenotype, and expansion of B and Treg cells. Likewise, immune cells from the inflammatory infiltrate have modulatory activities over Th17 cells involving their differentiation from naive CD4⁺ T cells and further expansion by generating a microenvironment rich in optimal cytokines such as IL-1β, TGF-β, IL-6, and IL-21. Th17 cell activities and synergies are crucial for the resistance of the infection during the early and acute stages; however, if unchecked, Th17 cells might lead to a chronic stage. This review discusses the synergies between Th17 cells and the inflammatory infiltrate and how these interactions might destine the course of CL.

• 융합보안논문지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.57-68
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• 2001

컴퓨터망의 확대 및 컴퓨터 이용의 급격한 증가에 따른 부작용으로 컴퓨터 보안 문제가 중요하게 대두되고 있다. 이에 따라 침입자로부터 침입을 줄이기 위한 침입탐지시스템에 관한 연구가 활발하다. 본 논문은 멀티레벨에서 감사자료를 수집하고, 필터링하여 오용행위 탐지기법에 대한 선천성면역, 비정상행위 탐지기법에 대한 후천성 면역을 사용한 하이브리드 침입탐지 시스템이다. 다중호스트 기반에서 감사자료를 하나의 시스템으로 모아서 탐지하므로 하나의 호스트에서 탐지한 침입보다 여러 호스트에서 탐지가 가능하며, 비정상행위 탐지 기법에서 탐지한 침입은 오용행위 탐지 기법에서 신속하게 탐지할 수 있는 면역력을 가진 침입탐지 시스템의 설계 및 구현한다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.107.2-119
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• 1992

Fish pathology is one of the main scientific bases upon which this expansion in aquaculture has been dependent and requires a wide knowledge of the environmental constraints, the physiology and characteristic of the various pathogens, the responses of the host, and the methods by which they may be controlled. The primary disease and parasite problems in aquaculture animals related to viral, bacteria, fungal and protozoan epizootics. Parasitic nematodes, trematodes and cestodes are commonly found in aquaculture animals, but seldom are they present in concentrations sufficient to cause significant problems, When an epizootic does occur and chemical treatment is indicated, the appropriate chemical must be selected an properly applied. We have antibiotics, sulfa, nitrofuran and other chemicals for treatment of fish diseases, Some may be mixed with the feed during formulation, added to the pellets of feed as a surface coating, given in the form of an injection or used as a bath. Even though a drug or chemical has been officially approved for use in aquaculture, the substance should never be used unless there is a clear need, Some of the reasions for this view are as follows: (1) the constant use of antibiotics can leak to the development of resistant strains of bacteria, (2) biofilter efficiency may be impaired or destroyed by chemicals added to closed recirculating water systems, and(3) the injudicious use of chemical can have a damaging effect on the environment as well as on human.