• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.50-53
• /
• 2018

Staphylococcus aureus is a well-recognized human pathogen that causes a wide range of infections as a result of its extensive virulence factors. One of these factors is Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL), a potent pore-forming cytotoxin that has been linked to invasive S. aureus infections. PVL is one of the important virulence factors for S. aureus and has been largely recognized as one of the markers for community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus. However, the presence of PVL in methicillin-susceptible S. aureus infections is not widely reported in the literature. Thrombotic sequelae of S. aureus infections associated with PVL expression are uncommon in children. We hereby report two children with thrombotic complications associated with PVL-producing methicillin-susceptible S. aureus. Both patients responded well to antibiotic and anticoagulant therapies, and survived without any long-term sequelae.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• 제44권3호
• /
• pp.229-232
• /
• 2006

We retrospectively examined the charts of travelers admitted to the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Bangkok, Thailand, with malaria during the years 2000-2005. Twenty-one cases of malaria were identified, of which 12 (57%) were Plasmodium vivax infections and 9 (43%) were P. falciparum infections. There was one mixed case with vivax and falciparum infection. Only 1 P. falciparum case had complications. All cases were successfully treated with standard antimalarial drugs. Only 3 of the 21 cases were thought to be acquired in Thailand, the rest were regarded to be imported.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.71-79
• /
• 1995

The purpose of this paper is to review the literature of AIDS/HIV (acquired immune deficiency syndrome/human immunodeficiency virus) and to introduce physical therapy of the AIDS client. It was first reported that five young homosexual men, in 1981 in Los Angeles, died of pneumonia caused by pneumocystis carinii - called "pest of twentieth century". AIDS was implied a fatal breakdown of the functioning of the normal human immune system. The major routes of transmission has occurred via l)sexual contact between men, 2)heterosexual intercourse, 3)contaminated blood and blood products, and 4)intrauterine or pre-natal infection from mothers. AIDS clients who may require physical therapy for a wide range of problems due to respiratory, neurological, musculoskeletal and painful syndromes as well as general decline in fitness and function. AIDS is growing rapidly in our contury as well as all over the world. Therefore, physical therapist has to correct his understandings of AIDS in order to protect himself and to give proper physical therapy to the AIDS clients.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.125-130
• /
• 2015

Introduction: This study investigated whether renal and bladder ultrasonography (RBUS) findings performed in children with the first incidence of febrile urinary tract infection (UTI) can predict UTI recurrence, high-grade vesicoureteral reflux (high-grade VUR), or acquired renal scarring (aRS). Methods: In all, 917 children who were admitted to our hospital from January 2001 to October 2010, owing to the first incidence of febrile UTI were enrolled in this study. All children underwent RBUS during admission. The mean follow-up was 7.9 months (standard deviation $[SD]{\pm}13.3$). UTI recurrence rates were calculated according to various clinical parameters. By using bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses, we determined whether age, sex, abnormal RBUS findings, abnormal dimercaptosuccinic acid renal scan findings, or RBUS findings parameters were predictive of UTI recurrence, high-grade VUR, or aRS. Results: On RBUS, hydronephrosis and congenital anomaly of the kidney and urinary tract significantly predicted UTI recurrence. A small kidney, hydroureter, hydronephrosis, cortical thinning, and increased parenchymal echogenicity significantly predicted high-grade VUR. However, their odds ratios (OR) are low compared to normal RBUS findings (recurrent UTI: OR 0.432 and 0.354 vs. 0.934, respectively, high-grade VUR: .019, 0.329, 0.126, 0.058, and 0.188 vs. 2.082, respectively). No RBUS findings significantly predicted aRS. Recurrent UTI, high-grade VUR, and abnormal RBUS findings significantly predicted aRS (OR of 4.80, 4.61, and 2.58, respectively). Conclusion: RBUS is necessary to exclude severe congenital renal scarring, obstructive uropathy, and renal abscess at the first incidence of febrile UTI and is helpful in determining the need for subsequent clinical imaging.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.289-294
• /
• 1983

The report is concerned to our experience of 12 cases of open heart surgery under the extracorporeal circulation at the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chosun University Hospital during the period between Nov, 1979 and April, 1983. 1. There were 4 cases of congenital anomaly and 8 cases of acquired heart disease. 2. There were 6 male and 6 female patients with a mean age of 20 years. [range 9 to 33 years]. 3. The cases induced 2 ventricular septal defect, 2 atrial septal defects and 8 acquired valvular heart diseases. 4. The surgical managements were 2 primary repair for atrial septal defect and 2 patch closure for ventricular septal defect, 1 triple valve replacement [AVR MVR TVR], 1 aortic valve replacement, 4 double valve replacement [AVR MVR] and 2 open mitral commissurotomy for pure mitral stenosis. 5. The average cardiopulmonary bypass time was 61.5 minutes for congenital heart disease and 201.4 minutes for acquired valvular heart disease and the average aortic cross clamping time was 36.75 minutes for the former and 165.6 minutes for the latter. 6. Postoperatively, there were 1 Alopecia, 1 Electric burn and 1 wound infection as complication. 7. Overall operative mortality was 8.3%. 7. All patients received valve replacement were recommended anticoagulation with persantin.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
• /
• 제46권3호
• /
• pp.120-126
• /
• 2021

Background: This paper aims to evaluate the clinical utility and radiation dosimetry, for the mobile X-ray imaging of patients with known or suspected infectious diseases, through the window of an isolation room. The suitability of this technique for imaging coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients is of particular focus here, although it is expected to have equal relevance to many infectious respiratory disease outbreaks. Materials and Methods: Two exposure levels were examined, a "typical" mobile exposure of 100 kVp/1.6 mAs and a "high" exposure of 120 kVp/5 mAs. Exposures of an anthropomorphic phantom were made, with and without a glass window present in the beam. The resultant phantom images were provided to experienced radiographers for image quality evaluation, using a Likert scale to rate the anatomical structure visibility. Results and Discussion: The incident air kerma doubled using the high exposure technique, from 29.47 µGy to 67.82 µGy and scattered radiation inside and outside the room increased. Despite an increase in beam energy, high exposure technique images received higher image quality scores than images acquired using lower exposure settings. Conclusion: Increased scattered radiation was very low and can be further mitigated by ensuring surrounding staff are appropriately distanced from both the patient and X-ray tube. Although an increase in incident air kerma was observed, practical advantages in infection control and personal protective equipment conservation were identified. Sites are encouraged to consider the use of this technique where appropriate, following the completion of standard justification practices.

• 대한의생명과학회지
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.117-125
• /
• 2001

This study was performed in order to evaluate the risk factors for nosocomial urinary tract infection and the frequencies of organisms isolated, and to provide the epidemiologic and basic data of hospital acquired urinary tract infection in intensive care unit. A prospective analysis was performed with 1,235 urine samples following urinary bladder catheterization in 569 patients, who had no evidence of UTI at the time of catheter insertion, admitted to intensive care unit in Pusan P hospital between June 1997 and May 1998. To identify risk factors for UTI, clinical characteristics of infected patients were analyzed. We analyzed these data by percentage, chi-square and odd ratio. Obtained results were as follows: A total of 569 patients (male 341 and female 228) were an average age of 50.8 years and catheterization of 8.04 days. Incidence of UTI was 16.1% (199/1,235) and The risk factors of UTI were duration of catheterization over 7 days, no use of systemic antibiotics, summer and female, and During the first 7 days these risk factors were no use of systemic antibiotics, summer, place of first catheter insertion (ICU) and type of intensive care unit (NSICU). A total of 220 the isolated strains were Gram negative rod 83 (37.7%), yeast like fungi 74 (33.6%) and Gram positive cocci 63 (28.6%). The common organisms isolated were Enterococcus faecalis 23 (10.5%), Serratia marcescens 19 (8.6%), Pseudomonu spp.17 (7.7%), E. ooh 16 (7.3%), Staphylococcus epidemidis 11 (5.0%) mdklebsiellapneumoniae 8 (3.6%). Therefore, in these results 199 of 569 (35%) patients in ICU with indwelling urinary catheter developed UTI. The risk factors for UTI are prolonged duration of catheterization, no use of systemic antibiotics, summer, and female.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.152-161
• /
• 2008

목 적 : 과거 비교적 드물었던 포도알균 피부 증후군(이하 4S)은 최근 발생 보고가 증가하고 있다. 이에 4S 발생 추이와 관련 인자를 조사하고자 한다. 방 법 : 1998년 1월부터 2007년 12월까지 특징적인 임상양상을 보여 4S으로 진단된 신생아 27명과 소아 36명, 총 63명을 대상으로 의무기록과 균배양 결과를 후향적으로 검토하였다. 결 과 : 본원에서는 2003년 이후 지속적인 4S 발생을 경험하였다. 평균 연령은 16.3개월이었으며, 남녀비는 1:1로 비슷하였다. 임상 유형은 부전형이 38례(60%)로 가장 많았고 중간형 19례(30%), 전신형 6례(10%) 순이었다. 균배양 결과 Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) 36례, Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) 4례, 배양 음성인 경우가 17례를 보였다. 치료는 반합성 페니실린을 투여하였고, MRSA가 배양된 환아중 호전이 없던 9례는 vancomycin으로 교체하였다. 전 례에서 예후는 양호하여 합병증은 보이지 않았다. 2005년 신생아에서 발생한 4S 급증은 주로 MRSA에 의한 신생아실 감염(18례)으로 추정된다. 발생과 관련된 요인으로 신생아에서는 2005년 발생한 신생아실 감염 18례를 포함한 27명 전원이 입원력이 있었고, 농가진성 피부염이 1명이었다. 소아에서는 아토피 피부염 9명과 입원력 3명을 제외한 24명에서는 특별한 위험인자가 없어 지역사회 획득감염을 시사하였다. 결 론 : 2003년 이후 지속적인 4S의 발생을 경험하였다. 발생과 관련 요인으로는 신생아실 감염 및 입원력, 아토피 피부염의 증가 그리고 원인 미상인 경우 지역사회 획득 감염이 관련있을 것으로 보인다.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
• /
• 제53권1호
• /
• pp.11-18
• /
• 2021

호흡기 바이러스는 감염된 방문자와의 직접적인 접촉을 통해 병원 환경에서 감염된다. 감염관리 분야에서 호흡기 바이러스에 의한 병원내 획득 감염의 주요한 문제를 유발한다. 임상 검사실에서 파생된 감시 데이터는 또한 의료 서비스를 제공하는 기관과 공중 보건 분야에서 치료, 소모품 및 진단 제품 구매를 위해 병원과 지역 사회에 의료자원을 적절하게 배분하기 위해 종종 사용된다. 호흡기바이러스의 감염에서 조기 진단은 필수적이며 호흡기 검체를 사용하는 진단법에 활용될 수 있는 방법에는 바이러스 배양, 분자 진단 및 분석 등이 포함된다. 랩온어칩(LoC)/마이크로칩은 보다 다양하고 강력한 기술인 차세대 현장검사 시험법을 개발할 수 있는 새로운 전략으로 제공한다. 호흡기계의 중요성은 의료관련 종사자의 직업적 건강과 안전을 보장하기 위해 감염 관리 지침에 엄격히 적용되어야 한다. 이 연구를 포함하여 점점 더 많은 임상적 효능 증거가 감염 전파에 대한 오랜 패러다임에 도전하고 있다. 바이러스의 감염 가능성을 의심하는 새로운 호흡기 증상이 시작된 입원 환자로부터 호흡기 바이러스를 탐지하기 위한 빈번한 검사에 대해 추가 지원이 요구되고 감염통제의 노력에 집중적으로 도움이 이루어져야 할 것이다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.71-76
• /
• 1993

Nasal carrige of Staphylococcus was studied in relation to its significance as a source of the Staphylococci that caused hospital-acquired infection. Due to the trend of the increasing r esistance of S. aureus to many antimicrobial agents, it is necessary to study the sensitivity to antibiotics of this infectious microorganisms. 50 persons from general hospital and 50 college students were the object of this study. The following results were obtained 3 0 Strains of S. aureus were isolated. The rate of S. aureus nasal carrying were 26% in college students and 34% in hospital personnel. S. aureus which showed resistance to penicillin were 90%, tetracyclin 43%, erythromycin 37% and oxacillin 17%. The number of penicillin resistance of S. aureus were 11 (84%) in college students and 16 (94%) in hospital personnel. The number of strains of penicillin resistant S. aureus which produced 13-1actamase were 9 (82%) in college student and 14 (88%) in hospital personnel. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) which showed resistance to erythromycin and penicillin G were 100%, tetracyline, cephalothin and clindamycin were over 40% respectively, gentamicin 20%, SAM 20% and chloramphenicol 0%.