• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.243-248
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• 2001

저자들은 생후 2개월부터 지속되는 만성 설사를 주소로 내원한 환아에서 면역글로불린 정량 검사상 IgA의 결핍과 함께 $IgG_2$ 및 $IgG_4$ 결핍이 동반되어 있고 영아기에 빈번한 설사와 감염을 동반한 증례를 경험하였기에 보고하는 바이다.

• Hip & pelvis
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.122-132
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• 2023

Purpose: The dome technique is a technique used in performance of revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) involving intraoperative joining of two porous metal acetabular augments to fill a massive anterosuperior medial acetabular bone defect. While excellent outcomes were achieved using this surgical technique in a series of three cases, short-term results have not been reported. We hypothesized that excellent short-term clinical and patient reported outcomes could be achieved with use of the dome technique. Materials and Methods: A multicenter case series was conducted for evaluation of patients who underwent revision THA using the dome technique for management of Paprosky 3B anterosuperior medial acetabular bone loss from 2013-2019 with a minimum clinical follow-up period of two years. Twelve cases in 12 patients were identified. Baseline demographics, intraoperative variables, surgical outcomes, and patient reported outcomes were acquired. Results: The implant survivorship was 91% with component failure requiring re-revision in only one patient at a mean follow-up period of 36.2 months (range, 24-72 months). Three patients (25.0%) experienced complications, including re-revision for component failure, inter-prosthetic dual-mobility dissociation, and periprosthetic joint infection. Of seven patients who completed the HOOS, JR (hip disability and osteoarthritis outcome score, joint replacement) survey, five patients showed improvement. Conclusion: Excellent outcomes can be achieved using the dome technique for management of massive anterosuperior medial acetabular defects in revision THA with survivorship of 91% at a mean follow-up period of three years. Conduct of future studies will be required in order to evaluate mid- to long-term outcomes for this technique.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.158-170
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• 2020

목적: 이 연구의 목적은 우리 나라 소아에서 Clostridioides difficile 감염(CDI)의 발생률 및 임상양상을 확인하는 것이다. 방법: 2009년 1월부터 2018년 12월까지 세브란스 어린이병원에 입원한 2세 이상 18세 미만의 환자 중 CDI로 진단된 환자들의 의무기록을 확인하였고 환자를 세 군(community acquired [CA], community onset-health care facility associated [CO-HCFA], and health care facility onset [HO] CDI)으로 나누어 임상양상을 비교하였다. 결과: 2009년부터 2018년까지 CDI유병률은 입원환자 10,000명당 1.00명에서 10.01명까지 증가하였다(P<0.001). HO CDI 군은 CA CDI 군에 비해 수술(40.4% vs. 0.0%, P=0.001)과 악성종양(27.7% vs. 0.0%, P=0.027)이 선행된 경우가 많았고 CDI 진단 전 항생제의 사용 빈도(97.9% vs. 31.3%, P<0.001) 및 항생제 개수의 중앙값이(2 vs. 0, P<0.001) 높았으며 CDI진단 이후 재원일수(13일 vs. 5일, P=0.008) 가 길었다. CO-HCFA 군은 CA CDI 군보다 연령의 중앙값이 낮았고(5세 vs. 13세, P=0.012) 악성종양이 선행된 경우가 많았다(30.8% vs. 0.0%, P=0.030). CA CDI 군은 HO CDI 군에 비해 복통(56.3% vs. 10.6%, P=0.001)과 혈변(50.0% vs. 10.6%, P =0.002)이 동반된 빈도가 높았고, 염증성 장질환이 동반된 경우가 많았으며(68.8% vs. 2.1%, P =0.001), 치료로서 정주 metronidazole을 더 자주 사용하였다(37.5% vs. 2.1%, P =0.001). 결론: 국내 소아의 CDI 발생률이 증가되고 있어 이에 대해 경각심을 가지고 역학과 임상적 특징을 파악하는 것은 병원 감염관리를 위하여 중요하다.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.189-193
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• 2012

구강내의 다발성 색소침착은 애디슨증후군, 포이츠-예거 증후군과 같은 선천성질환에 의하여 유발되거나, 악성 흑색종, 흑색극세포종, 신경섬유종증과 같은 국소적인 질환, 흡연, 만성 외상, 약물 복용 등에 의해서 유발될 수 있다. 이러한 질환 중 악성흑색종과 같은 질환은 생명을 위협할 수 있는 질환이므로 구강 내 색소 침착이 발견될 경우 정확한 진단이 필수적이다. 이러한 병소의 정확한 감별 진단을 위해서는 구강 내 색소 침착을 유발할 수 있는 원인에 대해서 숙지하고 있어야 하며, 상세한 병력 청취가 중요하다. 또한, 필요 시 혈액검사를 비롯한 이화학검사를 시행하거나 생검을 통하여 조직병리학적인 소견을 확인하고, 주기적으로 환자의 임상 소견에 대한 평가를 시행하여 변화를 확인하여야 한다. 그 동안 일반적으로 색소 침착을 유발하는 것으로 알려졌던 약물 외에, 만성 C형 간염 환자에서 페그인터페론 알파와 리바비린의 병용 요법 중 발생한 구강 내 다발성 색소 침착 증례가 있어 문헌 상에 보고되었던 만성 C형 간염 환자의 약물치료와 연관된 구강 내 색소 침착의 증례들과 함께 고찰해 보고자 한다.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.229-243
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• 1997

Especially in NICU(Neonatal Intensive Care Unit), handwashing is an important factor in decresing nosocomial infections due to reduced immunity, prematurity and various invasive procedures. The purpose of this study was to investigate the basic characteristics related to handwashing by NICU nurses. It was composed of three parts ; questionnaire survey I (genoral characteristics of handwashing), questionnaire survey II(the awareness degree of handwashing importance) and actual performance. This study was performed from Oct. 8 to 14 in 1994. The results of this study were as follows ; 1. Frequency of handwashing were different by shift of working about 47.1% of the respondents. They were washing most frequently during day-shift about 75% of above. According to self evaluation to handwashing frequency, 64.7% of the respondents said their frequency of handwashing was inadequate, because of being too busy.(45.1%), bothering caused by detergent or disinfectant(17.6%), and too far from handwashing facilities(17.6%). 2. The most common handwashing agent was soap(88.2%), 52.9% of the subjects experienced adverse effects after handwashing ; rough hand(44.5%), dryness(33.3%) All subjects washed their hands with running water, and 70.6% of the subjects washed upto wrist. In duration of handwashing, 52.9% of subjects washed hands 5 to 10 seconds, 29.5% of them did 11 to 15 seconds. 3. 29.4% among subjects had participated to take in the handwashing educational program. About 60% responded they would like to take the course of handwashing if possible. 4. The important nursing activities that need handwashing were chaning of caring ostomy, suctioning, chaning IV dressing site. On the other hand, they responded handwashing was not essential before dealing with omitus, before and after transfering machine, before chaning diaper(stool) 5. Handwashing performance was 61.7%. Among seven nursing activities, suctioning(73.4%) was the highest, the next was dealing with discharge or sampling(71.1%), the lowest was bathing(34.6%). The performance was better after(70.2%) nursing activities that before(52.5%), and day(63.6%) or evening(68.3%) shift than night(56.7%)

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.763-768
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• 2010

Purpose: Reconstruction of soft tissue defect using tissue expander can provide better flap which is more similar to surrounding tissue in color, skin texture and hair compared to other methods. Many pediatric patients need reconstruction of soft tissue defect because of giant congenital nevi, congenital or acquired malformations and burn scars. Reconstruction using tissue expander is adequate to minimize dysmorphism in these patients. We intended to assess outcomes of using tissue expander in pediatric patients by retrospective study. Methods: Total cases were 168 of pediatric patients who received soft tissue reconstruction using tissue expander by the same surgeon from February, 1982 to May, 2009. All patients who received soft tissue reconstruction were under 10 years old. Mean age was 4.3 years old, the youngest 13 months, the oldest 8 years. Eightynine cases were male and 79 cases were female. Most common cause was giant hairy nevi (67 cases, 39.9%), secondary cause was burn scar/scar contracture (61 cases, 36.3%). Trunk (38 cases, 22.6%) was most common anatomical location. Results: Soft tissue defects were successfully covered using tissue expander in 149 cases (88.7%) without major complications. There was infection on 8 cases (4.7%) and we treated by adequate antibiotics in these cases. There were tissue expander folding or valve displacement on 5 cases (3%). Conclusion: Usage of tissue expander is useful on pediatric patients because tissue expansion is rapid on children and there are less secondary contractures on operation site than full thickness skin graft. Because of psychological stress due to tissue expander, operation should be performed before school age.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.803-810
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• 2022

Objective: To investigate the clinical application of differential subsampling with Cartesian ordering (DISCO) contrast-enhanced (CE) magnetic resonance angiography for anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap transplantation, using operative findings as a reference. Materials and Methods: Thirty patients (21 males and nine females; mean age ± standard deviation, 45.5 ± 15.6 years) who were scheduled to undergo reconstruction with ALT flaps between June 2020 and June 2021 were included in the prospective study. Before ALT flap transplantation, patients were scanned using CE-DISCO imaging. All acquired DISCO images of the 60 lower limbs (both sides from each patient) were analyzed using maximum intensity projection and volume rendering methods. Two experienced radiologists were employed to examine the patterns of the lateral circumflex femoral artery (LCFA), its branches, and perforators and their skin termini, which were compared with the operative findings. Results: Using CE-DISCO, the patterns of the LCFA and its branches were clearly identified in all patients. Four different origins of the LCFA were found among the 60 blood vessels: type I (44/60, 73.3%), type II (6/60, 10.0%), type III (8/60, 13.3%), and type IV (2/60, 3.3%). Owing to a lack of perforators entering the skin, two patients did not undergo ALT flap transplantation. For the remaining 28 patients, the ALT flaps in 26 patients were successfully operated without flap reselection during the operation, while the remaining two patients underwent other surgical procedures due to the thin diameter of the perforator or injury of the perforator during the operation. The success rate of flap transplantation was 92.8% (26/28). All transplanted flaps exhibited good blood supply and achieved primary healing without infection or delayed healing. Conclusion: CE-DISCO imaging can be an effective method for preoperative perforator imaging before ALT flap transplantation.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.30-35
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• 2010

목 적 : 소아 요로 감염은 가장 흔한 세균성 질환의 하나로, 특히 요로계의 해부학적 기형이 동반되면 재발하기 쉽고, 치료가 되지 않을 경우 고혈압, 신부전, 말기 신질환 등을 초래할 수 있다. 따라서 조기 진단과 적절한 치료 및 반복 감염의 예방이 중요한데, 이를 위해서는 정확한 원인 균주의 파악이 선행되어야 한다. 이에 저자들은 지역사회를 기반으로 하는 2차 병원에서 진단되는 소아요로감염의 원인균 및 항생제 감수성을 조사하여 적절한 항생제 선택에 도움이 되고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법: 2005년 1월 1일부터 2008년 12월 31일까지 관동대 명지병원 소아과에 입원하여 농뇨(WBC>5/HPF)와 요배양검사 상 $1.0{\times}10^5CFU/mL$ 이상의 배양검사결과를 보인 환아를 대상으로 소변 검사, 소변 배양 검사소견, 항생제 감수성 결과, 방사선 소견 등의 검사 결과를 의무 기록을 통해 후향적으로 조사하였다. 결 과:국내 3차 기관 등에서의 보고와는 다르게 대부분의 요로감염은 E. coli에 의한 것이었으며 ESBL 생성균주 또한 낮게 나타났다. 1) 전체 환아 62명의 평균 연령은 20개월이었으며, 1세 미만에서 호발(50명, 78.1%)하였다. 전체 환아 62명의 남녀 비는 1.6:1이었고, 1세 미만에서는 2.6:1, 1세 이상에서는 1:3.7이었다. 2) 전체 62명의 소변 배양 검사에서 분리된 균주는 E.coli가 가장 많았고(53명, 82.8%), K. pneumoniae (5명, 8.1%), Enterobacter (4명, 6.5%) Enterococcus, $\beta$-streptococcus, diphtheroides 각각 (1명, 1.6%)순이었다. 3) E. coli의 항생제에 대한 감수성은 ampicillin 30.2%, cefotaxime 98.1%, gentamicin 94.9%, amikacin100%, levofloxacin 98.1%, trimethoprim/sulfame-thoxazole 73.6%의 결과를 보였으며, 이 중 ESBL 생성균주는 1주가 검출되었다. 최근 3차 병원에서 실시한 감수성 결과와 차이를 보이는 것으로 의료기관에 따라 항생제 내성율의 차이가 있음을 시사하는 결과로 생각되며, 이는 일차 항생제 선택에 있어 지역별, 병원별 차이를 시사하는 것으로 생각할 수 있다. 결 론 : 향후 요로 감염 원인균 및 항생제 감수성에 대한 기관별, 지역별 지속적인 조사가 필요할 것으로 사료되며, 이에 기반한 적절한 항생제 사용이 요구된다.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.61-66
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• 2008

목 적 : 본 연구는 발열로 입원한 신생아 중 임상 경과가 불량했던 환자의 특징을 조사하고 입원 후 경과가 양호했던 환자와의 임상증상, 이학적 진찰 소견과 검사 결과를 비교하여 중증 감염의 가능성을 예측하는 척도로 이용할 수 있는지 평가하였다. 방 법 : 2000년부터 2006년까지 입원한 30일 이하의 만삭아 중 액와 체온으로 38$^{\circ}C$ 이상의 발열을 보인 123명을 대상으로 하였다. 산전 위험요인이 있었거나 선천성 기형아, 병원을 방문하기 전까지 항생제를 투여받거나 원내 감염이 의심되는 경우는 제외하였다. 입원기록을 후향적으로 검토하여 진단명과 임상경과를 기준으로 고위험군과 저위험군으로 분류하고 두 군 간에 증상, 진찰 소견 및 검사 결과를 비교하였다. 결 과 : 고위험군에는 30명(24.4%)이 포함되었고 진단명을 빈도순으로 나열하면 무균성 수막염, 요로감염, 세균성 수막염, 감염성 장염, 파종성 혈관내 응고장애를 동반한 패혈증, 균혈증, 폐렴, 연조직 감염, 제대 감염순이었다. 총 백혈구 수의 증가와 혈소판 감소증은 두군 간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였으나 C-반응 단백은 그렇지 않았다. 경련, 끙끙거림, 맥박수, 입원 전까지의 발열 일수, 총 발열 기간 및 입원시까지의 최고체온은 고위험군과 저위험군 사이에서 차이가 있었다. 결 론 : 본 저자들은 이전의 보고와 달리 배양검사 양성인 경우 외에도 임상적으로 명확한 패혈증이나 무균성 수막염 환자 등을 고위험군으로 포함시켰다. 그러나 이런 대상 선정의 차이에도 불구하고 두 군은 백혈구의 수의 증가, 혈소판 감소증 및 활력징후의 이상에서 유의한 차이를 보였다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.371-382
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• 1999

Nurses are at the forefront of providing hands-on care to patients infected with HIV(Human Immunodeficiency Virus). Therefore, appropriate and sensible infection control precaution should be taken at all times. The purpose of this study is to find out nurse's loaming needs about HIV/AIDS ; and nurse's willingness to perform nursing care to HIV/AIDS patients ; and the degree of fellowing universal precautions in nursing care ; and the degree of knowledge of HIV/AIDS to provide information on the guide for the further continuing education. The respondents of this study were 280 nurses in a university hospital in Kwang-Ju city. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire and analyzed by using percentages, means, Pearson's correlation, t-test, ANOVA, Duncan's grouping. The findings were as follows ; 1. The mean age of the nurses was 28.9 years, and the mean duration of their clinical experience was 6.8 years. Majority of the nurses(83.9%) had no experience in taking care of the AIDS patients. 2. The content s nurse's need to learn were showed in order such as clinical manifestations, infection control, patient care, and the mode of transmission of HIV/AIDS. 3. Even though the nurses had quite low knowledge about HIV/AIDS(mean score was 12.2 from the total of 26), they are willing to take care of the AIDS patients (mean score was 39.5 from the total of 60), and the degree of following universal precaution was also not so bad (mean score was 40.8 from the total of 50). 4. Nurses who are over 35 years old and had informal education regarding HIV/AIDS better following universal precautions. Nurses who had over 12 years of clinical experiences have more willingness to perform nursing care to the AIDS patients. Nurses who had experiences in taking care of the AIDS patients were more knowledgeable about HIV/AIDS. These findings suggest that some strategies should be develope to increase the willingness to perform the nursing care to the AIDS patients. And also continuing education program should be develope and run for the clinical nurses so that they can provide effective and appropriate nursing care to the AIDS patients.