• 제목/요약/키워드: Hospital death

검색결과 1,989건 처리시간 0.171초

신라 시조 혁거세왕 신화에 대한 분석심리학적 연구 (A Study of Myth of King Heokgeose, the Founder of Shilla Dynasty from a Perspective of Analytical Psychology)

  • 한상익
    • 심성연구
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    • 제28권1호
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    • pp.50-87
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    • 2013
  • C. G. Jung은 일찍이 신화(神話)나 민담(民譚, Märchen)에서 인간 무의식의 보편적, 원초적 조건이 발견된다고 하였다. 우리의 일상에서 이러한 인간심성의 보편성을 흔히 체험할 수 있는 것은 꿈이다. 그러므로 꿈에 나오는 인간 심성에 있는 보편적인 원형상들을 이해하기 위해서 신화소(神話素)들이 등장하는 신화나 민담들에 대한 분석심리학적 해석을 시도해 보는 것은 실제 임상에서 마주치게 되는 이런 '큰 꿈'들을 충실히 이해하기 위해 매우 중요한 과정이다. 저자는 신화에 대한 분석심리학적 해석에 관심을 가지면서 그 대상에 대한 탐색을 하면서 신화소에 나타나는 '원형'의 보편성을 우리 민족 전래의 신화 속에서 찾아보기 위해 삼국유사를 살펴보던 중 기이편(紀異篇)에 나오는 신라(新羅)의 건국신화인 혁거세왕(赫居世王) 신화에 주목을 하게 되었다. 신라는 일찍 건국이 되긴 하였지만 한반도 남부 끝자락에 위치한 제일 작은 나라로서 고구려, 백제에 비해 정치, 군사적으로나 문화적으로 가장 늦게 발전한 나라였음에도 결국 삼국을 통일하고 우리나라 역사상 가장 긴 거의 1000년(BC57~AD935)의 역사를 이어온 나라라는 점에서 건국과 관련된 남다른 바탕이 있었는지 그들의 건국신화에 있는 원형상(原型像)들을 살펴보고자 하였다. 한반도의 남쪽 작은 나라였던 신라의 건국시조의 탄생신화가 탄생전의 상태에서부터 탄생, 배필의 탄생, 성장, 결혼, 즉위, 다스림, 죽음, 죽음 이후, 계승까지 거의 완전한 줄거리를 갖고 있다는 것은 매우 주목되는 점이다. 이 신화에 나오는 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 13, 61 등 다양한 숫자 상징, 동, 서, 남, 북과 중심을 포함한 모든 방위, 호랑이, 백마, 닭, 용, 봉(鳳) 뱀 등 많은 동물상징, 중심적인 상징인 알을 비롯한 바위, 박(瓢), 전광(電光), 샘물, 내(川), 나무, 숲, 산, 쇠 등 자연의 상징과 선도성모 같은 신상(神像) 등 점차 이야기가 전개되면서 등장하는 온갖 상징들은 이 짧은 신화 속에 온 인류가 경험해온 의식의 탄생, 부성과 모성의 합일을 통한 성장과 발전, 소멸, 재생의 이야기가 펼쳐지고 그런 과정이 다음 세대로 영원히 계승되는 웅대한 이야기가 재현되고 있음을 볼 수 있다. 신화의 한 단어, 한 문장 또는 별로 의미를 찾을 수 없어 보이던 내용들이 점차 그 뜻을 드러내고 있었고, 무의식과 의식의 상호 작용이 그 모습을 달리 하며 계속 반복되며, 중층적으로 표현되고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

중증 근무력증의 수술적 치료 (Surgical Treatment of Myasthenia Gravis)

  • 강정수;김길동
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • 제29권9호
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    • pp.1010-1016
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    • 1996
  • 중증근무력증환자에 있어서 흉선 절제술은 대상이 되는 환자의 선택 기준이나 수술시기, 수술 방법에 있어서 아직까지 논란이 되고 있지만 긍정적으로 적용될 수 있는 치료 방법이다. 연세대학교흉부외과 학교실 신촌 세브란스병원에서는 1983년 1월부터 1994년 12월까지 중증근무력증으로 흉선 절제술을 시행한 82명의 환자를 대상으로 연구하였다. 수술 사망은 1명에서 발생하였고 수술 후 추적은 75명에서 가능하였고 평균 추적기간은 56.9개월 이었다. 완전관해된 28명(37.3%)을 포함하여 64명(85.3%)에서 수술로 인한 효과를 볼 수 있었다. 동반된 질환으로는 갑상선 질환이 8예로 가장 많았는데 이중 7명(87. 5%)이 완전관해를 보여 갑상선 질환을 동반하지 않은 환자 67명중 21명(31.3%)의 완전관해보다 높은 치료 성공율을 나타내었다. 수술 전 병력 기간이 2년 미만인 환자 32명중 16명(50%), 2년 이상인 환자 43명중 12명(27.4%)이 완전관해를 보여 수술전병력 기간이 2년 미만인 경우 높은 치료율을 보였다. 결론적으로 중증근무력증환자에 있어서 흉선 절제술 후 완전관해율은 갑상선 질환의 동반 여부와 수술 전 병력기간에의해 영향을 받음을 알 수 \ulcorner었으며 병의 발생 연령(40세 이상),흉선종의 동반,고령 및 남자의 경우 수술 후 완전관해율을 떨어뜨리는 것으로 나타났지만 통계적 의의는 없었다. 흉선의 조 직학적 소견으로 정상과 흉선 비후사이에 있어서 완전관해율의 차이는 보이지 않았다. 일반적으로 흉선 절제술은 대부분의 중증근무력증환자에 있어서 효과가 있었으나 임상증상적 분류로 기 속한 환자군은 수술로 인한 효과가 없었다.

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I, II병기 비소세포폐암의 예후에 대한 수술 전 양전자방출 컴퓨터 단층촬영기의 임상적 의의 (Prognostic Value of Preoperative Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography in Surgically Resected Stage I and II Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer)

  • 송성헌;손장원;곽현정;김사일;김상헌;김태형;윤호주;신동호;최윤영;박성수
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • 제71권6호
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    • pp.425-430
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    • 2011
  • Background: High 2-[$^{18}F$] fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) uptake on positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) is a prognostic factor for poor survival in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), especially in Stage I. We determined whether the high FDG uptake value of a primary tumor was associated with recurrence and death in patients with resected Stage I and Stage II NSCLC. Methods: We identified consecutive patients who underwent complete surgical resection for Stage I and II NSCLC between 2006 and 2009, who had preoperative PET-CT, and reviewed clinical records retrospectively. FDG uptake was measured as the maximal standardized uptake value (SUVmax) for body weight. Patients were divided into two groups based on SUVmax: (i) above or (ii) below the cut-off value (SUVmax=5.9) determined by a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: Of 57 patients who were enrolled consecutively, 32 (56%) had Stage I NSCLC and 25 (44%) had Stage II. The 5-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) for patients with high (${\geq}5.9$) and low (<5.9) SUVmax were 31% and 57%, respectively (p=0.014). The 5-year overall survival (OS) rates were 39% and 60%, respectively (p=0.029). In univariate analyses, SUVmax (p=0.014), T staging (p=0.025), and differentiation of tumor tissue (p=0.034) were significantly associated with RFS. But, multivariate analyses did not show that SUVmax was an independently significant factor for RFS (p=0.180). Conclusion: High FDG uptake on PET-CT is not an independent prognostic factor for poor outcomes (disease recurrence in patients with resected Stage I and II NSCLC).

Potential Impact of Atelectasis and Primary Tumor Glycolysis on F-18 FDG PET/CT on Survival in Lung Cancer Patients

  • Hasbek, Zekiye;Yucel, Birsen;Salk, Ismail;Turgut, Bulent;Erselcan, Taner;Babacan, Nalan Akgul;Kacan, Turgut
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제15권9호
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    • pp.4085-4089
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    • 2014
  • Background: Atelectasis is an important prognostic factor that can cause pleuritic chest pain, coughing or dyspnea, and even may be a cause of death. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential impact of atelectasis and PET parameters on survival and the relation between atelectasis and PET parameters. Materials and Methods: The study consisted of patients with lung cancer with or without atelectasis who underwent $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT examination before receiving any treatment. $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT derived parameters including tumor size, SUVmax, SUVmean, MTV, total lesion glycosis (TLG), SUV mean of atelectasis area, atelectasis volume, and histological and TNM stage were considered as potential prognostic factors for overall survival. Results: Fifty consecutive lung cancer patients (22 patients with atelectasis and 28 patients without atelectasis, median age of 65 years) were evaluated in the present study. There was no relationship between tumor size and presence or absence of atelectasis, nor between presence/absence of atelectasis and TLG of primary tumors. The overall one-year survival rate was 83% and median survival was 20 months (n=22) in the presence of atelectasis; the overall one-year survival rate was 65.7% (n=28) and median survival was 16 months (p=0.138) in the absence of atelectasis. With respect to PFS; the one-year survival rate of AT+ patients was 81.8% and median survival was 19 months; the one-year survival rate of AT-patients was 64.3% and median survival was 16 months (p=0.159). According to univariate analysis, MTV, TLG and tumor size were significant risk factors for PFS and OS (p<0.05). However, SUVmax was not a significant factor for PFS and OS (p>0.05). Conclusions: The present study suggested that total lesion glycolysis and metabolic tumor volume were important predictors of survival in lung cancer patients, in contrast to SUVmax. In addition, having a segmental lung atelectasis seems not to be a significant factor on survival.

119구급대의 법적분쟁 예방에 관한 연구 (Research on the prevention of legal dispute over 119 rescue team)

  • 임재만
    • 한국응급구조학회지
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    • 제13권1호
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    • pp.19-33
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    • 2009
  • Purpose : To check the legal relation between rescue team and patient as well as legal responsibility for patient's damage intentionally or erroneously caused by rescue member, a public official, in the performance of relevant job ; to prevent legal dispute over rescue team and to present program for fair settlement of dispute and equitable and feasible burden of damage. Method : First, the legal principle of Civil Law, Criminal Law and Administrative Law related to the theme of this research will be investigated around research by literature. Second, the case of dispute related to rescue team will be introduced. Result: 1. If 119 rescue members as a public official intentionally or erroneously cause damage to patient in the performance of job, they shall bear civil, criminal and administrative responsibility. They shall bear civil responsibility for indemnity for damage due to default or tort. The typical criminal responsibility includes accidental homicide arising out of duty, preparing falsified official document, dereliction of duty, etc. In the administrative side, the state is responsible for indemnity for peculiar status of the rescue member, public official. 2. Though raising civil petition or legal dispute over unsatisfactory rescue service may be reasonable to guarantee the right of nation, such action may cause stress to rescue member as well as may lead to mental shrinking and defensive attitude only to take the basic first aid treatment which has low possibility of mistake instead of active first aid treatment so as to avoid legal responsibility. 3. The program that may prevent legal dispute over 119 rescue team includes expansion of manpower specialized in first aid treatment, enhancement of education on legal environment, development and application of standard job guideline, formation of mutual trust with patient, detailed explanation, preparing and keeping minute record, improvement of the rescue members' ability of first aid treatment and development of medical instruction mode. Conclusion : The best policy is to prevent legal dispute. If it is impossible to basically exclude the possibility of dispute, however, we need to make effort to minimize the occurrence, settle fairly and divide damage equitably and feasibly. To improve the preventible death rate of our first aid system to the level of advanced country, 119 rescue team which is in charge of the stage before hospital needs to positively enforce special first aid by improving the qualitative level of rescue service and to strive to prevent legal dispute that may occur in the process.

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주의력결핍 과잉행동장애 아동에서 Osmotic-Controlled Release Oral Delivery System Methylphenidate의 치료순응도 (Treatment Adherence of Osmotic-Controlled Release Oral Delivery System Methylphenidate in Korean Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)

  • 김봉석;이정섭;김의정;성형모;신윤미;황성혜;유한익
    • Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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    • 제25권2호
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    • pp.65-72
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    • 2014
  • Objectives : The objective of this study was to evaluate the treatment duration and adherence of osmotic-controlled release oral delivery system (OROS) methylphenidate for treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods : A total of 843 children with ADHD were recruited : 213 children (25.3%) who had previously taken medications for ADHD and 630 drug-na$\ddot{i}$ve children (74.7%) were recruited. The dosage was adjusted according to the clinician's judgment. The primary efficacy endpoint of this study was treatment retention rate, which was estimated at Week 12 and Week 20 using the Kaplan-Meier curve. The Swanson, Nolan and Pelham-IV (SNAP-IV), Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S), Clinical Global Impression-Improvement, and the side effect rating scale were measured at every visit. Remission rates were presented based on SNAP-IV and CGI-S, respectively. Results : The treatment retention rate at 12 weeks and at 20 weeks was 76.2% and 66.8%, respectively. Divided according to 6-8, 9-11, 12-14 and 15-18 years of age, younger children tended to show a statistically higher treatment retention rate (p=.02). Based on SNAP-IV and CGI scores, children with better response to medication showed tendencies of statistically higher treatment retention rate. The most common adverse events included loss of appetite (7.1%) and insomnia (3.3%). There was no serious adverse event related to the treatment, such as death. Conclusion : The use of OROS methylphenidate for treatment of ADHD was safe and tolerable for children. In this study, lower age and better treatment response showed a statistically significant relationship with higher treatment adherence. Boys showed a trend of high treatment adherence. The treatment adherence at 20 weeks was satisfactory, however, the treatment adherence after 20 weeks showed a sharp decrease. Therefore, treatment persistence for six months after the beginning of ADHD treatment is important. In addition, the positive role of psycho-education for children and parents is necessary for increasing treatment adherence.

Early Postoperative Complications after Heart Transplantation in Adult Recipients: Asan Medical Center Experience

  • Kim, Ho Jin;Jung, Sung-Ho;Kim, Jae Joong;Kim, Joon Bum;Choo, Suk Jung;Yun, Tae-Jin;Chung, Cheol Hyun;Lee, Jae Won
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • 제46권6호
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    • pp.426-432
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    • 2013
  • Background: Heart transplantation has become a widely accepted surgical option for end-stage heart failure in Korea since its first success in 1992. We reviewed early postoperative complications and mortality in 239 patients who underwent heart transplantation using bicaval technique in Asan Medical Center. Methods: Between January 1999 and December 2011, a total of 247 patients aged over 17 received heart transplantation using bicaval technique in Asan Medical Center. After excluding four patients with concomitant kidney transplantation and four with heart-lung transplantation, 239 patients were enrolled in this study. We evaluated their early postoperative complications and mortality. Postoperative complications included primary graft failure, cerebrovascular accident, mediastinal bleeding, renal failure, low cardiac output syndrome requiring intra-aortic balloon pump or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation insertion, pericardial effusion, and inguinal lymphocele. Follow-up was 100% complete with a mean follow-up duration of $58.4{\pm}43.6$ months. Results: Early death occurred in three patients (1.3%). The most common complications were pericardial effusion (61.5%) followed by arrhythmia (41.8%) and mediastinal bleeding (8.4%). Among the patients complicated with pericardial effusion, only 13 (5.4%) required window operation. The incidence of other significant complications was less than 5%: stroke (1.3%), low cardiac output syndrome (2.5%), renal failure requiring renal replacement (3.8%), sternal wound infection (2.0%), and inguinal lymphocele (4.6%). Most of complications did not result in the extended length of hospital stay except mediastinal bleeding (p=0.034). Conclusion: Heart transplantation is a widely accepted option of surgical treatment for end-stage heart failure with good early outcomes and relatively low catastrophic complications.

고위험가족 선별을 위한 위험요인 분석 (The factors to identify high risk family)

  • 방숙명
    • 대한간호학회지
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    • 제25권2호
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    • pp.351-361
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    • 1995
  • The main purpose of the study is to identify critical risk factors for development of a family assessment tool to screen high risk family. This study used a conceptual framework of family diagnosis developed by Eui-sook Kim's (1993) and analyzed risk factors to identify the high risk family. As employing a explorative and methodological study design, this study has four stages. 1. In the first stage, 34 family risk factors were identified by doing intensive literature review on conceptual framework of family diagnoses. 2. In the second stage, above risk factors were tested for content validity by consultation with 29 persons in community health nursing, nursing education, family theory, and social work. 3. In the third stage, existing survey data was used for actual application of the identified risk factors. The survey data used for this purpose was previously collected for the community diagnosis in a region of Seoul. At the final stage, through the comparison between high risk and low risk families, initially identified 34 risk factors decreased to 25 risk factors. Among 34 risk factors, six factors did not agree with content of questionnaries sand two factors were not significant in differentiating the high risk family Also, two risk factors showed high correlation between themselves, so only one of those two factors was chosen. As a result, twenty-five risk factors chosen to identify the high risk family are following ; 1. A single parent family due to divorce or death of a partner, or unweded single mother 2. A family with an unrelated household members 3. A family with a working mother with a young child 4. A family with no regular income 5. A family with no rule in family or too strict rules 6. A family with little or no support from other lam-ily members 7. A family with little or no support from friends or relatives 8. A family with little or no time to share with each other 9. A family with family history of hypertension, diabetus, cancer 10. A family with a sick person 11. A family with a mentally ill person 12. A family with a disabled person 13. A family with an alcoholic person 14. A family with a excessive smoker who smokes more than 1 pack / day 15. A family with too much salt intake in their diet. 16. A family with inappropriate management skills for family health 17. A family with high utilization of drug store than hospital to solve the health problems of the family 18. A family with disharmony between husband and wife 19. A family with conflicts among the family members 20. A family with unequal division of labor among family members 21. An authoritative family structure 22. A socially isolated family 23. The location of house is not residential area 24. A family with high risk of accidents 25. The drinking water and sewage systems are not hygienic. The main implication of the results of this study is clinical use. The high risk factors can be used to identify the high risk family effectively and efficiently. The use of high risk factors woule contribute to develop a conceptual framework of family diagnosis in Korea and the list of risk factors need to be revised continuously. Further researches are needed to develop an index of weight of each risk factor and to validate the risk factors.

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Colorectal Cancer Incidence and Mortality in China, 2010

  • Zheng, Zhao-Xu;Zheng, Rong-Shou;Zhang, Si-Wei;Chen, Wan-Qing
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제15권19호
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    • pp.8455-8460
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    • 2014
  • Background: The National Central Cancer Registry of China (NCCR) affiliated to the Bureau of Disease Control, National Health and Family Planning Commission of China is responsible for cancer surveillance in the entire country. Cancer registration data from each local registry located in each province are collected by NCCR annually to be analyzed and published to provide useful information for policy makers and cancer researchers. Materials and Methods: Until 1st June, 2013, 219 population-based cancer registries submitted data of 2010 to the National Central Cancer Registry of China covering about 207,229,403 population, and 145 cancer registries were selected after quality evaluation for this study. Colorectal cancer cases were selected from the database according to ICD-10 coded as "C18-C20". We calculated the crude incidence and mortality rates by sex, age groups and location (urban/rural). The China population in 2000 and Segi's population were used as standardized populations for the calculation of age-standardized rates. The 6th National Population Census data of China was used to combined with the cancer registries' data to estimate the colorectal cancer burden in China in 2010. Results: Colorectal cancer was the sixth most common cancer in China. It was estimated that there were 274,841 new cases diagnosed in 2010 (157,355 in males and 117,486 in females), with the crude incidence rate of 20.1/100,000, highest in males in urban areas. Age-standardized rates by China standard population of 2000 (ASRcn) and World standard population (Segi's population, ASRwld) for incidence were 16.1/100,000 and 15.9/100,000 respectively. There were 132,110 cases estimated to have died from colorectal cancer in China in 2010 (76,646 men and 55,464 women) with the crude mortality rate of 10.1/100,000. The ASRcn and ASRwld for mortality were 7.55/100,000 and 7.44/100,000 respectively, higher in males and urban areas than in females and rural areas. The incidence and mortality rates increased with age, reaching peaksin the 80-84 year old, and oldest age groups, respectively. Conclusions: Colorectal cancer is one of the most common incident cancers and cause of cancer death in China. Primary and secondary prevention, with attention to a health lifestyle, physical activity and screening should be enhanced in the general population.

Three-Port Laparoscopic Exploration is not Sufficient for Patients with T4 Gastric Cancer

  • Huang, Hua;Jin, Jie-Jie;Long, Zi-Wen;Wang, Wei;Cai, Hong;Liu, Xiao-Wen;Yu, Hong-Mei;Zhang, Li-Wen;Wang, Ya-Nong
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제15권19호
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    • pp.8221-8224
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    • 2014
  • Gastric cancer continues to be a leading cause of cancer death. The majority of patients with gastric adenocarcinoma in China present with advanced disease. Ruling out unresectable cancers from an unnecessary "open" exploration is very important. The aim of this study was to assess the value of five-port anatomical laparoscopic exploration in T4 gastric cancer in comparison with three-port laparoscopic exploration and laparotomy exploration. We conducted a retrospective study on 126 patients with T4 stage scheduled for D2 curative gastrectomy based on computed tomography (CT) staging at Department of Gastric Cancer and Soft Tissue Sarcoma, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, from Apr. 2011 to Apr. 2013. Laparotomy exploration (Group I), three-port laparoscopic exploration (Group II) or five-port anatomical laparoscopic exploration (Group III) were performed prior to radical gastrectomy. Accuracy rate for feasibility of D2 curative gastrectomy in laparotomy exploration and five-port anatomical laparoscopic exploration groups was higher than that in the three-port laparoscopic exploration group. Five-port anatomical laparoscopic exploration group had the highest accuracy resection rate (Group I vs Group II vs Group III,92.6% vs78.6% vs 97.7%; p<0.05) and shorter length of hospitalization (Group I vs Group II vs Group III, $9.58{\pm}4.17$ vs $6.13{\pm}2.85$ vs $5.00{\pm}1.81$; p<0.001). Three-port laparoscopic exploration has low accuracy rate for assessing feasibility of D2 curative gastrectomy and five-port anatomical laparoscopic exploration should be performed on patients with T4 gastric cancer.