• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.57-65
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aims to examine differences in experiences of violence and hospital violence attitude according to gender and gender-role identity of clinical nurses. Methods: The quota sampling method, was used to select the research subjects. They were divided into two groups male and female nurses who worked for three general hospitals or higher level-hospitals in Incheon and Gyeongbuk. The data of 219 subjects was used for final analysis. The IBM SPSS 22.0 was used to analyze the data t-test and ANOVA. Results: According to gender, the hospital violence experience of female nurses was oserved frequently when the verbal violence came from guardians, and when the physical threats came from others. For male nurses, the experiences of hospital violence was obserbed. According to gender, the hospital violence attitude revealed significant differences in female nurses that the negative attitude was higher (t=-4.69, p<.001). According to gender-role identity, the undifferentiated and femininity showed significant differences (F=4.86 p=.003). Conclusion: The differentiated strategies of coping measures and violence preventive education considering the gender and gender-role identity of clinical nurses would help formulate measures for the effective management of hospital violence.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제9권10호
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• pp.589-597
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• 2018

본 연구는 간호사를 대상으로 간호조직문화, 직장내 괴롭힘, 병원폭력에 대한 태도와 심리적 안녕감과의 관계를 확인하고 심리적 안녕감에 영향을 미치는 요인을 파악하기 위해 수행되었다. 자료는 대학병원 간호사 107명을 대상으로 2018년 4월 12일부터 4월 23일까지 수집되었다. 간호조직문화, 직장내 괴롭힘, 병원폭력에 대한 태도, 심리적 안녕감 간의 관계는 Pearson의 상관계수로 분석하였다. 변수들이 심리적 안녕감에 미치는 영향은 회귀분석을 이용하여 분석하였다. 간호사의 심리적 안녕감은 직장내 괴롭힘과는 부적 상관관계를, 혁신지향문화 및 관계지향문화, 병원폭력에 대한 태도 중 인식영역과는 양적 상관관계를 나타내었다. 관계지향문화와 병원폭력에 대한 태도 중 인식영역이 심리적 안녕감에 영향을 주었으며, 이들은 심리적 안녕감에 대해 17.3%의 설명력을 가진 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과를 토대로 간호사의 심리적 안녕감을 높일 수 있는 간호조직문화 개선 프로그램을 마련하는 것이 필요하다.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.263-274
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• 2013

Purpose: Clinical nurses are at high risk of incurring hospital violence during their working life. Hospital violence and its outcomes have an impact on the job satisfaction, the recruitment and retention of nurses as well as the quality of care delivered to patients. The purpose of this study was to identify coping styles toward hospital violence in clinical nurses using Q-methodology. Methods: Q-methodology, which analyzes the subjectivity of each type of attitude, and coping styles was used. The 40 selected Q-statements from each of 35 participants were classified into the shape of a normal distribution using a 9-point scale. The collected data were analyzed using the pc-QUANAL program. Results: The results revealed four discrete groups of clinical nurses toward hospital violence: take strong action and promote the recurrence prevention, appear psychosomatic symptoms, investigate the cause and focus on prevention, and request hospital assistance and keep up my duty. Conclusion: The findings indicate that development of nursing intervention program based on the four types could beneficially contribute to the violence prevention in hospital.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.39-51
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a Hospital Violence Attitude Scale-18 (HVAS-18) for clinical nurses. Methods: The HVAS-18 was developed and validated in 3 steps: Item generation through literature reviews and in-depth interviews, pilot study, and the validity and reliability tests using a test-retest technique. Forty-one items were initially extracted by 8 experts, and 18 items were finally developed by item and factor analysis. The final HVAS-18 was evaluated by 326 clinical nurses from seven general hospitals in three cities. The collected data were analyzed using factor analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient, and Cronbach's ${\alpha}$. Results: Five discrete factors emerged, which explained 64.0% of the total variance. Each five factor was labeled: Factor 1 (6 items) 'awareness'explained 18.2%; Factor 2 (4 items) 'response' explained 12.9%; Factor 3 (4 items) 'reaction' explained 12.9%; Factor 4 (2 items) 'result-nursing' explained 10.2%; and Factor 5 (2 items) 'result-violence offender' explained 9.6%. The internal consistency, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, was .87, and reliability of the sub-scales ranged from .72 to .83. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that HVAS-18 can be an useful, reliable, and valid instrument for measuring hospital violence attitude of clinical nurses.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권8호
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• pp.135-144
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• 2017

본 연구는 2015년도에 개발된 임상간호사들의 병원폭력태도 측정도구인 HVAS-18의 타당도와 신뢰도를 재검증하기 위한 방법론적 연구이다. 본 연구의 대상자는 서울과 인천소재 3개 종합병원 간호사 150명을 대상으로 하였으며 자료수집기간은 2017년 3월 1일부터 4월 2일까지로 하였다. 연구결과 기존 HVAS-18의 18개 문항 중 각 문항들과 전체 문항 간의 수정된 상관계수(corrected item-total correlation coefficient) .30 이상, 요인 적재량 .50 이상 문항들만을 채택하여 최종 14개 문항 4개 영역을 추출하였다. 최종 HVAS-14는 기존 HVAS-18의 설명력 64.0% 보다 8.3% 증가한 71.4%의 높은 설명력을 보여주었다. HVAS-14의 제 1영역은 '인식' 3문항(20.3%), 제 2영역은 '반응' 4문항(20.2%), 제 3영역은 '대응' 3문항(15.5%), 제 4영역은 '결과' 4문항(15.4%)로 구성되어 있었다. HVAS-14의 전체 신뢰도는 Cronbach's alpha=.87 이었고, 도구의 안정성 평가를 위한 급내 상관계수 Cronbach's alpha=.87로 측정되었으며, 4개 하부영역의 Cronbach's alpha=.78~.86으로 측정되었다. HVAS-14는 재검증 과정을 통해 도구의 신뢰도와 타당도 및 도구의 안정성이 검증된 상태이므로 임상간호사의 병원폭력에 대한 태도 측정도구로 적합하고 의료기관외 다양한 영역에서도 쉽게 사용할 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.95-102
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• 2014

Objective : Previous research showed that childhood trauma or domestic violence resulted in difficulties in controlling emotion and problem solving and vulnerability to psychiatric disorders. To understand the long term effect of childhood trauma, this study investigated their influences on cognitive processing of anger-evoking event and anger behavior among prisoners. Methods : All data were collected from 198 prisoners off our districts in Korea. After they consented to participate, prison officer distributed a questionnaire that included scales to demographic measure, childhood abuse (emotional abuse, physical abuse, and neglect), cognitive response of anger (attentional focus, suspicion, rumination, and hostile attitude) and behavior of anger (impulsive reaction, verbal aggression, physical confrontation, and indirect expression). For statistical analyses, SPSS 18.0 were used and path coefficients were evaluated from the structural equational modeling using LISREL 8.52. Results : Almost 50% of prisoners of our sample experienced one or more trauma during childhood. Then we tested the long term effect of childhood trauma on anger response by structural equation modeling. As expected, childhood trauma was associated with cognitive processing of anger-evoking event and anger behavior. More specifically, emotional abuse (${\beta}$=0.21, p<0.01) predicted suspicion which in turn associated with impulsive reaction (${\beta}$=0.73, p<0.001) and verbal aggression (${\beta}$=0.87, p<0.001). Emotional abuse (${\beta}$=0.24, p<0.01) also predicted hostile attitude which associated with physical confrontation (${\beta}$=0.80, p<0.001) and indirect expression (${\beta}$=0.80, p<0.001). Interestingly, physical abuse associated directly with impulsive reaction (${\beta}$=0.23, p<0.01) and indirect expression (${\beta}$=0.17, p<0.05). Neglect predicted rumination (${\beta}$=0.15, p <0.05) which associated with indirect expression marginally (${\beta}$=0.11, P<0.10). Conclusion : The results of this study, suggest longitudinal and harmful effect of childhood trauma on difficulties in controlling anger. Especially, it was revealed that childhood abuse related with processing anger evoking events more suspicious and hostile and then various anger-expressing behaviors.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.193-204
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• 2022

Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to examine the effect of women's empowerment on the immunization of Indonesian children. The secondary objective was to examine the effect of wealth as a factor modifying this association. Methods: We utilized data from the 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS). The subjects were married women with children aged 12-23 months (n=3532). Complete immunization was defined using the 2017 IDHS definition. Multiple components of women's empowerment were measured: enabling resources, decision-making involvement, and attitude toward intimate partner violence. The primary analysis was conducted using binomial logistic regression. Model 1 represented only the indicators of women's empowerment and model 2 controlled for socio-demographic variables. Subgroup analyses were conducted for each wealth group. Results: The primary analysis using model 1 identified several empowerment indicators that facilitated complete immunization. The analysis using model 2 found that maternal education and involvement in decision-making processes facilitated complete immunization in children. Subgroup analyses identified that wealth had a modifying effect. The indicators of women's empowerment were strong determinants of complete immunization in lower wealth quintiles but insignificant in middle-income and higher-income quintiles. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this study is the first to explore women's empowerment as a determinant of child immunization in Indonesia. The results indicate that women's empowerment must be considered in Indonesia's child immunization program. Women's empowerment was not found to be a determinant in higher wealth quintiles, which led us to rethink the conceptual framework of the effect of women's empowerment on health outcomes.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.246-267
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• 1995

Recently the request of the patients to participate in the medical courses has been expanding due to the elevated sense of right on the people's health, merchandised medical treatment by mass supply, human right declaration of the patients, generalized medical informations by the mass media and the change of human relation between the medical personnels and the patients. Under these phenomena the patients have been in the thought of solving such accidents only by regulation of the laws which they think to be all powerful, Such trends are same in the area of nursing service. Also today the accident by the nurses have been increasing by the area of the nurses having been expanded and their independent roles having been increased. Such nursing accidents are the important subject which the professional occupation of the nurse has been facing but legal protective capability of the nurses has been very weak. Therefore this study has examined the degree of the experience of the nursing accident that happens in the clinical nursing scenes in the general hospital to provide the basic materials for the protection and the counter measures of the nursing accident. The following is the conclusion based by the above examination. 1) The experience degree of the whole nursing accidents has been appeared as 1.90 in average. And the degree according to service area has been 1.77 in the area of supervising management of patients, 1.54 in the area of the same management of patients by head-nurses, 1.84 in the area of doctors' treatment performances, 14 in the enforcement and education areas of the nursing technology, 2.04 in the area of observing patients and judgement and 2.07 in the area of nursing records and maintaining confidentials. Accordingly there has been higher degree of accidental experiences in the independent service areas of the patients than in the dependent ones directed by the doctors. 2) The perception of the nurses showed that the cause of the nursing accident has been due to the heavy work of the nurses with the 60.4% of the response rate, the highest rate. They report the accident to the head nurse first by 2/3 nurses after accident. And the hour of the accident has been frequently happened regardless of service hours with 48.1% in response rate, the highest rate, and the nursing accident happens in the night more than the daytime with the rate of 37.5% at night while 14. 4% daytime. 3) The nurses are in the perception that the patients are responsible for the accident with 48.2% response rate while 43.9% rate in response showed that it has been caused by many people. They are in the perception that 41.7% when the nursing power was lacking, 46.7% lower recognition of actual state about indivitual patient in the section of technical speciality and 35.8% when the patients were not cooperative and 37.8% when the wards were dirty and in disorder. 4) the attitude of the patients after the various nursing accidents has been violent words in 72.7%, violence in 17.4% and 3.9% in attending the court by the sue of the patient's side(18 nurses). 5) The action of the hospital has been : requesting the submission of the story of the accident in 22.8%, the report of the accidents in 14.4%, thus the written statement disposal was most, 4.5% was the transfer to the other departments when the accident was larger or the patients' guardians protested strongly and 0.6% of the dismissals of the nurses. 6) In regard to the responsiblity of the nurse accidents, 78.9% was the highest rate of supplying the nursing manpowers, 48.4% of mutual cooperation of the medical personnels, 37.2% of strengthening the education for the nurses and hospital facilities reformation in 32.7%. 7) The review of relation between the general characters of the object of the study and the degree of experience of nursing accidents showed the significant differences in ages (F=4.04, p=0.000).