• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.159-169
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the reality of workplace violence experienced by emergency nurses and the relationship of violence response to professional quality of life. Methods: The participants in this study were 899 emergency nurses from Korea nationwide. Data were obtained through an online survey done during October, 2017. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: Of the emergency nurses, 72.1% recognized that workplace violence is serious. Experience with workplace violence correlated positively with violence reaction (r=.32, p<.001), burnout (r-.20, p<.001) and secondary trauma (r=.22, p<.001). Also, reaction to violence was positively correlated with burnout (r=.28, p<.001) and secondary trauma (r=.56, p<.001). Conclusion: Findings indicate that the diverse workplace violence experienced by emergency nurses decreases their professional quality of life. Further study is needed to develop solutions to the problem of workplace violence in emergency settings.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.57-65
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aims to examine differences in experiences of violence and hospital violence attitude according to gender and gender-role identity of clinical nurses. Methods: The quota sampling method, was used to select the research subjects. They were divided into two groups male and female nurses who worked for three general hospitals or higher level-hospitals in Incheon and Gyeongbuk. The data of 219 subjects was used for final analysis. The IBM SPSS 22.0 was used to analyze the data t-test and ANOVA. Results: According to gender, the hospital violence experience of female nurses was oserved frequently when the verbal violence came from guardians, and when the physical threats came from others. For male nurses, the experiences of hospital violence was obserbed. According to gender, the hospital violence attitude revealed significant differences in female nurses that the negative attitude was higher (t=-4.69, p<.001). According to gender-role identity, the undifferentiated and femininity showed significant differences (F=4.86 p=.003). Conclusion: The differentiated strategies of coping measures and violence preventive education considering the gender and gender-role identity of clinical nurses would help formulate measures for the effective management of hospital violence.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.92-104
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the types of violence and coping methods experienced by general hospital nurses. Methods: Data were collected from March 17 to 24, 2014, using self-report questionnaires. Responses from 449 nurses were analyzed. Results: The majority of the respondents experienced violence from patients, visitors, doctors, and other nurses. Verbal violence was more frequent than physical threats and physical violence. Most violence happened in ERs, followed by surgical units, and ICUs. The most frequent response by nurses after violence was an emotional response, especially 'anger' ($4.01{\pm}1.059$). Based on general characteristics, the responses were significant for professional experience (F=2.935, p=.013) and work areas (F=2.290, p=.021). The most frequent coping method for nurses after violence had occurred was to 'just complete their duties as if nothing happened'. Conclusion: Most nurses are exposed to frequent violence, but they feel defenseless. These results suggest that hospital should improve the respective organizational cultures and develop promotional programs and administrative policies to prevent violence. In addition, educational programs should be provided for nurses to improve their attitudes and abilities to cope with violence. Also, hospitals should offer sufficient support, stress reduction programs and counseling programs for nurses.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.263-274
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• 2013

Purpose: Clinical nurses are at high risk of incurring hospital violence during their working life. Hospital violence and its outcomes have an impact on the job satisfaction, the recruitment and retention of nurses as well as the quality of care delivered to patients. The purpose of this study was to identify coping styles toward hospital violence in clinical nurses using Q-methodology. Methods: Q-methodology, which analyzes the subjectivity of each type of attitude, and coping styles was used. The 40 selected Q-statements from each of 35 participants were classified into the shape of a normal distribution using a 9-point scale. The collected data were analyzed using the pc-QUANAL program. Results: The results revealed four discrete groups of clinical nurses toward hospital violence: take strong action and promote the recurrence prevention, appear psychosomatic symptoms, investigate the cause and focus on prevention, and request hospital assistance and keep up my duty. Conclusion: The findings indicate that development of nursing intervention program based on the four types could beneficially contribute to the violence prevention in hospital.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.84-91
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the types of violence experienced by small and medium sized hospital nurses. Methods: Data were collected from March 1 to 30, 2017, using self-report questionnaires. Responses from 87 nurses were analyzed using descriptive statistics, $x^2$ test, Fisher's exact test, t-test. Results: The majority of the respondents experienced violence from patients (60.2%), visitors (25.5%), doctors (12.2%), and other staffs (2.0%). Verbal violence (80.5%) and physical threats (74.7%) were more frequent than physical violence (25.3%). Violence occurred throughout the hospital. However, verbal violence ($x^2=20.85$, p=.005) and physical threat ($x^2=20.80$, p=.006) were statistically significant according to the department. Violence occurred most frequently in surgical ward, followed by artificial kidney room, emergency room, and outpatient department. Conclusion: Most nurses are exposed to frequent violence. These results suggest that hospital should improve the respective organizational cultures and develop promotional programs and administrative policies to prevent violence. Also, hospitals should develop of violence intervention policies and education programs and counseling programs for nurses.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.99-111
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the relationship between the experiences of workplace violence and post-traumatic stress disorder and the moderating effect of resilience and social support at work on the relationship in tertiary hospital nurses. Methods: This was a descriptive correlation study to confirm the moderating effect of resilience and social support at work on the factors affecting post-traumatic stress disorder for nurses who have experienced violence. A total of 146 registered nurses were recruited from a tertiary hospital from March to July 2020. The Participants who worked for more than one year and experienced violence at work completed self-reported questionnaires that measured the experiences of workplace violence and post-traumatic stress disorder, resilience, social support at work, and demographic information. The collected data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and hierarchical regression analysis. Results: The nurses experienced verbal abuse an average of 3.70±2.06 times a week, physical threat an average of 2.30±1.71 times a month, and physical assault an average of 0.76±0.82 times a year. The Experiences of workplace violence were significantly increased post-traumatic stress disorder. The result also showed that resilience moderated the relationship between the experience of verbal abuse and post-traumatic stress disorder in hospital nurses. However, there was no significant moderating effect of social support between workplace violence and post-traumatic stress disorder. Conclusion: The experiences of workplace violence influenced post-traumatic stress disorder in nurses and were moderated by resilience. Therefore, hospital administrators need to develop and provide a workplace violence prevention and resilience reinforcement program to reduce post-traumatic stress disorder in nurses. In addition, we suggest further research on the effect of social support in a workplace on the experiences of violence.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.728-736
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the relationship between workplace violence and turnover intention, and the mediation effect of resilience on the relationship in hospital nurses. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. A total of 237 registered nurses were recruited from three hospitals in South Korea from April to May 2019. Participants were invited to complete self-reported questionnaires that measure workplace violence, turnover intention, resilience, and demographic information. The data obtained were analyzed using multiple regression and a simple mediation model applying the PROCESS macro with 95% bias-corrected bootstrap confidence interval (5,000 bootstrap resampling). Results: After controlling demographic covariates, workplace violence significantly accounted for the variance of turnover intention. It was also demonstrated that resilience partially mediated the relationship between workplace violence and turnover intention in hospital nurses. A 73.8% of nurses had experienced workplace violence (such as attack on personality, attack on professional status, isolation from work, or direct attack). Conclusion: Workplace violence directly influences turnover intention of nurses and indirectly influences it through resilience. Therefore, hospital administrators need to develop and provide a workplace violence preventive program and resilience enhancement program to decrease nurses' turnover intention, and leaving.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.93-104
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• 2016

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to identify the determinants of the long-term influence of violence on hospital nurses. Methods : Three-hundred hospital nurses were recruited in B city, South Korea. They were asked to complete a questionnaire, and 282 data- sets were included in the multiple regression analysis. Results : Subjects experienced more episodes of verbal violence than that of physical threats or physical violence. Assailants tended to be patients and their caretakers rather than internal customers. Nurses who had religion, worked in a surgical ward, and a 3-6 year career perceived a high level of violent experiences compared to their counterparts. The determinants of the long-term influence of violence were physical violence (t=-2.705, p=.007), emotion-focused coping (t=3.049, p=.003), and emotional response (t=3.611, p<.001). The model was statistically significant explaining 13.0% of the variance (F=14.981, p<.001). Conclusions : Nurse managers should help nurses who are victims of hospital violence by teaching them not to depend on emotion-focused coping and by alleviating their emotional response to violence.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.489-500
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the relation between violence experiences and the professional quality of life for hospital nurses. Methods: The participants for this study were 212 nurses in one general and three special hospitals located in the metropolitan area of Seoul, South Korea. Data gathered through October and November 2013 were analyzed using descriptive statistics and $x^2$ test. Results: Nurses experienced verbal violence, physical threats and physical violence more frequently from patients and their families rather than from doctors or peer nurses. Nurse's compassion satisfaction was low when nurses experienced violence from peer nurses. Burnout was high when nurses experienced violence from doctors, peer nurses, patients and their families. Secondary traumatic stress was affected by violence from patients and their families. The professional quality of life of nurses was associated with violence from doctors, peer nurses, patients and their families. Of the nurses, 69.3% answered that formation of a positive organizational culture would be the most effective measure for prevention of violence in hospitals. Conclusion: The formation of positive organizational culture, development of violence intervention policies and education are crucial to improve the professional quality of hospital nurses' life.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.63-75
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• 2015

The aim of this study was to know the experience of emergency nurses on hospital violence and violence's effect on nurses via convergent approach of phenomenological methodology to be known for a good method to study alive human's experience. This study is a qualitative study converged the phenomenological methods and 5 emergency nurses participated in an in-depth interview. From the transcript, 41 significant statements, 17 clusters of theme, 6 categories were extracted. The extracted categories are violence's background, emotional response, physical response, social response, passive coping and active coping. The hospital violence's negative effect on emergency nurses occurred in various sides and the countermeasure is required to prevent violence from hospital setting anymore.