• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.587-595
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• 2016

Salt stress in crops in reclaimed tidal lands can be reduced by applying soil amendments. To evaluate the effects of compost, gypsum, and phosphate on the growth of Chinese cabbage in saline-sodic soil conditions, we conducted a pot experiment in 2013 and 2014. The treatments consisted of a standard fertilizer application of a mix of compost and N-P-K fertilizer (S) and standard fertilizer applications with additional compost (S + C), gypsum (S + G), phosphate (S+P), and gypsum and phosphate (S + GP). The mean dry matter yield of cabbage in 2014 was three times as great as that in 2013, although soil EC (Electrical conductivity) in 2014 was not decreased. However, the mean ratio of sodium ion in soil solution ($SAR_{1:5}$) significantly decreased from $17.3{\pm}1.1$ in 2013 to $11.2{\pm}2.7$ in 2014. Application of gypsum had the greatest positive impact on the growth of Chinese cabbage. The S + G treatment increased dry matter yield by 7.0 (48.2) and 7.9 g/plant (16.6%) in 2013 and 2014, respectively, compared to the S treatment. Applying gypsum increased soil EC, but decreased $SAR_{1:5}$ by 14 and 38% in 2013 and 2014, respectively. The application of compost and phosphate had a small effect on the growth of Chinese cabbage. These results suggest that applying gypsum in reclaimed tidal lands can reduce the sodicity of the soil and improve crop growth.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.52-59
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• 2013

This study was carried out to develop the proper cultivation methods of Brachythecium rivulare and Myuroclada maximowiczii which showed high-value for the interior landscaping and potting. Growth of two moss species cultivated in the compost covered with cloth was vigorous compared to that grown in containers only using cloth or compost, and their harvesting processes were easier. The growth and harvest easiness of mosses cultivated in compost were great rather than in bark or peatmoss. Compared to division, the spray of crushed mosses using mixer was effective for both gametophyte generation and their harvesting processes. In addition, the optimum inoculum for each container ($27{\times}17{\times}3cm$) was 2.0 g in B. rivulare and 4.0 g in M. maximowiczii. Overall growth of B. rivulare treated with nutrient solution (N:P:K=20:20:20) was inhibited compared to control, fresh-weight gain was reduced toward the higher concentration. But fresh-weight gain of M. maximowiczii was the highest with $0.25g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ treatment. Therefore, adequate moisture supply, after spraying crushed mosses (2.0 and 4.0 g each) in the compost covered with cloth, were the appropriate cultivation methods for B. rivulare and M. maximowiczii. Nutrient solution treatment with low concentration, during the cultivation period, would be the proper way only for M. maximowiczii.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.260-267
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• 2013

BACKGROUND: In most studies, soil carbon sequestration has been evaluated simply with change of soil organic carbon content. So far, information regarding stability of soil organic carbon is limited. METHODS AND RESULTS: This study was conducted to determine changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) content and stability of carbon in response to compost application rates and plastic mulching treatment during the hot pepper growing season. Under the pot experiment condition, compost was mixed with an arable soil at rates corresponding to 0, 10, 20, and 40 Mg/ha. To determine effects of plastic mulching on soil carbon sequestration, plastic mulching and no mulching treatments were set up in soils amended with the application rate of 20 Mg/ha. The SOC content did not significantly increase with application of compost and plastic mulching at harvest time. No significant changes in bulk density with compost application and plastic mulching was found. These might result from short duration of experiment. While hot water extractable organic carbon content significantly decreased with compost application and plastic mulching, humic substances increased. Belowground biomass of hot pepper was biggest at the recommended application rate (20 Mg/ha) of compost. CONCLUSION: From the above results, continuous application of compost at the recommended application rate could improve increase in SOC content and stability of carbon in long term aspect.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.131-146
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• 2000

This experiment was focused on finding out the potential problems in organic farming system, which is recently emphasized on the produce of horticultural crops due to the serious environmental deterioration. Thus, in this study, the effect of the application of organic farming materials in soil on plant growth and components of chinese cabbage and the soil Physicochemistry property were compared with conventional culture. The results were summarized as follows : 1. The effect of soil chemical properties after application of organic farming materials, The amounts of pH and O.,M. in N, P, K treated plot were few of change, To the contray, fermentation compost and microorganisms fermentation compost treated plot were some increase, Amount of P$_2$O$_{5}$ , Ca and increase in comparison with the N, P, K treated plot, Specially chicken manure+ microorganisms fermentation compost treated plot was the highest. 2. Change of soil microbial after application of organic farming materials, The number of bacteria and actinomycetes in N, P, K treated plot were appeared definite direction, to the fermentation compost and microorganisms fermentation compost treated plot showed the increased tendency, specially, chicken manure+ microorganisms fermentation compost treated plot was the highest, 3. The growth characteristic of chinese cabbage after application of organic farming materials was superior in order of chemical fertilizers plot> microorganisms fermentation compost plot> fermentation compost plot. It shows the NO$_3$$^{[-10]}$ accumulation in chinese cabbage was higher in the outer leaves than in the inner leavess. It was some lower in the microorganisms fermentation compost plot, it was the highest at chemical fertilizers plot , all inner and outer leaves.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.283-288
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• 2010

This study were carried out to evaluate effect of consequent application of pig manure compost (PMC) on soil chemical properties, dehydrogenase activity, and yield of potato in volcanic ash soil. The more application rate of PMC increased, the more increased soil pH, total-nitrogen, available phosphate, exchangeable cations (K, Ca, and Mg), heavymetal (Zn and Cu)contents. When application rate of PMC and crop cultivation times increased gradually, soil dehydrogenase activity was significantly increased. After third cultivation period, dehydrogenase activity showed PMC 2 ton (3.5), PMC 4 ton (6.3), PMC 6 ton (8.0 ug TPF $g^{-1}\;24h^{-1}$), respectively. The activity was twofold higher than first cultivation period. During the third cultivation period, dehydrogenase activity increased linearly comparison to Cu and Zn contents and that was correlated with Cu ($R^2$=0.907) and Zn ($R^2$=0.859) content, respectively. As the application rate of PMC increased, the yield of potato increased, but NPK+PMC 2 ton treatment was more higher than other treatments.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.225-225
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• 2017

This study is to investigate the effect of split application and adapted fertilization application cultivation in stable medicinal herbs production of Acorus graminens S. And it accomplished one's purpose to GAP guide manual established standard method of cultivation technology, contribute to the enlargement of farm's income. Method of fertilization application were conducted under five condition compose to standard application(N-P-K-Compost: fermented mixed oil cake fertilizer applied at $4-2-6-300kg.10a^{-1}$, twofold application(N-P-K-Compost applied at $8-4-12-600kg.10a^{-1}$) cultivation. Compost (fermented mixed oil cake fertilizer) and fused phosphate applied at 100% of basal fertilizer in April 14. The split application level of standard application and twofold application(N-K) applied at 100%, 50%, 40% of basal fertilizer in April 14, 50% and 40% of top dressing were three times application (N-K) in June 1, July 15, August 15, 25% and 20% respectively. Transplanting with Naju varieties in May 12 by growing pot seedling for 40 days in 2015. Planting density were spaced 30 cm apart in rows 30 cm apart with black vinyl mulching on open cultivation. Plot design randomized block 3 repetition. Therefore, growth characteristics by 50% and 40% of top dressing were three times application (N-K) compared to standard application and twofold application (N-K) applied at 100% basal fertilizer, aerial part as a result were so many such amount of growth as number of leaf per plant, etc., Length of diameter and main root of subterranean part growth increment rising highest. Dried roots yields treated standard fertilizer 100% application($250kg.10a^{-1}$) compared to 100% from twofold application (N-K) applied at 50% basal fertilizer, 50% and 40% of top dressing were three times application increased by 16%, 20%. respectively.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.652-655
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• 2013

Natural habitats of weedy melons were distributed on the islands along and on the west and south coasts of Korean peninsula including Boryeong, Seosan (Taean), Seocheon, Okgu, Buan, Gochang, Yeonggwang, Muan, Shinan, Haenam, Jindo, Wando, Goheung, Yeocheon, Hadong, Namhae, Goseong, Tongyeong, Geoje, and Jeju islands including Jeju city, Bukjeju-gun and Nam Jeju-gun. Weedy melons were found growing wildly in or around the cultivated lands in these regions. Natural habitats of weedy melons were in and around the cultivated lands. Weedy melon plants were found most often in soybean fields, followed by fields of mungbean, sweet potato, pepper, sesame, cotton, and peanuts. The plants were also found growing wild in foxtail millet fields, rice paddy levees along the streams, upland field edges, watermelon fields, corn fields, vegetable gardens near farmhouse, orange fields, compost piles, fallow fields, roadside and home gardens. They inhabited in sunny and a little dry spaces in relatively low-height crop plant fields in general. The time of fruit maturity was from early July to late October with the most frequency in September according to post survey answer. Fruits dropped off from the fruit stalk when matured. This phenomenon was thought beneficial for perpetuation in the wild. The fruits were being used commonly for food and toys for children. It was thought that weedy melons were perpetuating through the cycle of human and animal feeding of the fruits, human and animal droppings, often mixed in compost, and application of the compost to crop fields by human.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.377-384
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• 2012

This study was carried out to evaluate effect of temperature condition on nitrogen mineralization of organic matter, distribution of microbial group by PLFA profiles, and soil microbial community in non-volcanic ash soil. Dried soil 30 g mixed well each 2 g of pellet (OFPE) organic fertilizers, pig manure compost (PMC), and food waste compost (FWC). And then had incubated at $10^{\circ}C$, $20^{\circ}C$, and $30^{\circ}C$, respectively. Nitrogen mineralization rate increased with increasing temperature and that was in the order of FWC>OFPE>PMC. Distribution ratio of microbial group by PLFA profiles showed that was different significantly according to incubation temperature and the type of organic matter. As incubating time passed, density of microbial group decreased gradually. The Gram-bacteria PLFA/Gram+ bacteria PLFA, Fungi PLFA/Bacteria PLFA, and Unsaturated PLFA/saturated PLFA ratios were decreased according to the increasing temperature gradually. Principal component analysis using PLFA profiles showed that microbial community structures were composed differently by temperature factor at both 75 days ($10^{\circ}C$) and 270 days ($30^{\circ}C$). In conclusion, Soil microbial community structure showed relative sensitivity and seasonal changes as affected by temperature and organic matter type.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.801-807
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• 2011

This study was carried out to evaluate effect of consecutive application of organic matter on soil chemical properties and dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase activity in non-volcanic ash soil during three cropping season. Organic matter mixture and organic fertilizer (MOF, $2,000kg\;10a^{-1}$), food waste compost (FWC, $2,000kg\;10a^{-1}$), and pig manure compost (PMC, 2,000, 4,000, and $6,000kg\;10a^{-1}$) were applied for each cropping season. Soil pH values were increased after three cropping season in all treatment. In the soils of the increased application of PMC, soil pH, total-nitrogen, available phosphate, exchangeable cations (K, Ca, and Mg), and heavy metal (Zn and Cu) contents were increased. In addition, Soil dehydrogenase activity was significantly increased in proportions to PMC application rate and cropping season during potato cultivation period. The activity was two times higher in PMC ($4,000kg\;10a^{-1}$) than control after the third cropping season. Soil dehydrogenase activity was in order of PMC>FWC>NPK+PMC>MOF. Acid phosphatase activity was higher in PMC ($6,000kg\;10a^{-1}$) than other treatment. Soil Zn content and dehydrogenase activity showed linearly correlation, which were MOF ($R^2$=0.427), FWC ($R^2$=0.427) and PMC ($R^2$=0.411, p<0.01), respectively. This study demonstrated that soil chemical properties and enzyme activity could be affected greatly by consecutive application of different organic matter in the potato cultivation field.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.119-123
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• 2009

Waste nutrient solution (WNS) that composed of nutrient solution of horticultural research institute in Japan and used for culture tomato in perlite hydroponics showed $1.9{\sim}2.4$ dS/m of EC and $5.5{\sim}7.1$ of pH. Although $NH_{4}^+$-N concentration of WNS decreased remarkably, the others did not change significantly as compared with supplied solution. The growth characteristics such as plant height, stem diameter, leaf length, and leaf width were increased as amount of compost was increased in 1 L WNS supply treatment. But there was not any regular tendency on growth characteristics in 2 L/plant WNS supply treatment. The chlorophyll content of tomato leaf was highest in I L/plant WNS supply and 4,000 kg/10a compost treatment. The fresh and dry weight, and yield of tomato fruit also increased with increase of amount of WNS and compost, and they were highest in 1 L WNS supply and 4,000 kg/10a compost treatment. The sugar content of tomato fruits was not influenced by amount of WNS and compost, fructose and glucose and total sugar was highest in 2 L/plant WNS supply and 2,000 kg/10a compost treatment. Therefore fertigation culture used WNS is environmentally friendly and can guarantee yield and quality of tomato fruits and growth of tomato plants.