• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2017

Background: The multiple hop test is an active performance test that has been commonly used to assess individuals with functional ankle instability. Previous studies have suggested that insufficiency of dynamic postural stability and passive stability during dynamic activities can have an influence on performance in the multiple hop test. However, no study has investigated the effects of dynamic postural stability training and ankle bracing on multiple hop test performance in individuals with functional ankle instability. Objects: The purpose of this study was to compare the immediate effects of dynamic postural stability training versus ankle bracing in the performance of the multiple hop test for participants with functional ankle instability. Methods: Twenty-nine participants with functional ankle instability who scored below 24 in the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool were selected. The participants were randomly divided into two groups: a dynamic postural stability training group (n1=14) and an ankle bracing control group ($n_2=15$). The multiple hop tests were performed before and after applying each intervention. Dynamic postural stability training was performed using visual-feedback-based balance-training equipment; participants in this group were asked to perform a heel raise in a standing position while watching the centering of their forefoot pressure to prevent excessive ankle inversion. Ankle bracing was applied in the control group. Results: When comparing the pre- and post-intervention period for both groups, both methods significantly improved the results of the multiple hop test (p<.05). However, no significant differences were shown between the dynamic postural stability training and ankle bracing groups (p>.05). Conclusion: Both dynamic postural stability training and ankle bracing showed significant improvement (2.85 seconds and 2.05 seconds, respectively) in test performance. Further study is needed to determine the long-term effects of dynamic postural stability training and to determine whether insufficient dynamic postural stability is a causative factor for functional ankle instability.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.254-258
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the effects of dual task training on balance and functional performance in high school soccer players with functional ankle instability. Methods: Twenty high school soccer players with functional ankle instability were randomly assigned to a single task training group and a dual task training group. One participant who did not participate regularly in the training was excluded. The single task training group (n=9) received balance training on an unstable surface. The dual task training group (n=10) received balance training on an unstable surface and had to catch thrown balls during the balance training. Both groups were trained for 4 weeks, 3 days a week. The balance and functional performance of both groups was measured before and after training. Balance was measured using an anterior-posterior and medio-lateral balance. Functional performance was measured based on a figure-of-8 hop test, up-down hop test, and a single hop test. All data were analyzed by repeated two-way ANOVA tests. Results: A time by group interaction effect was not observed in the medio-lateral balance test, figure-of-8 hop test, or single hop test (p>0.05). A time by group interaction effect was observed in the anterior-posterior balance and up-down hop test (p<0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that dual task training improved balance and functional performance better than single task training for some items.

• 대한정형외과스포츠의학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.109-115
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• 2005

목적: 본 연구의 목적은 슬관절의 외발 뛰기, 기능성 수행 평가의 유용성을 살펴보고 향후 기능 평가의 기준이 될 수 있는 한국 성인 남성의 평균값을 얻는데 있다. 연구대상 및 방법: 정상 성인 남성 40명을 대상으로 외발 뛰기(한번 뛰기, 세번 뛰기)와 3종 기능성 수행 평가(shuttle run, Carioca, Co-contraction test)등 총 5개 항목의 검사를 시행하였다. 피검자의 연령은 평균 28.4세었으며 Tegner activity score는 평균 6.2점, Lysholm score는 평 균 98.2점이었다. 각 검사 결과의 평균과 표준 편차를 구하였으며, 키, 몸무게, 연령과의 상관 관계, 우세 다리 (dominant limb)와 비 우세 다리(non-dominant limb)에서의 결과 차이, 뛰기 검사(hop test)와 기능성 수행 평가와의 상관 관계 등에 대하여 분석하였다. 결과: 검사한 5개 항목 모두 통계적으로 의미 있는 정규 분포를 하였으며, 키, 몸무게, 연령과는 상관 관계를 보이지 않았다. 외발 뛰기 검사는 우세 다리와 비 우세 다리에서 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 기능성 수행 평가와 유의한 상관 관계를 보였다(P<0.05). 결론: 3종 기능성 수행 평가는 전방 십자 인대 손상 환자의 기능 평가로 유용하며 본 연구의 결과는 정상 한국 성인 남성의 정상 기준 값으로 이용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.187-192
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• 2012

In the present study, the antinociceptive profiles of hop extract were characterized in ICR mice. Hop extract administered orally (from 25 to 100 mg/kg) showed an antinociceptive effect in a dose-dependent manner as measured in the acetic acid-induced writhing test. Antinociceptive action of hop extract was maintained at least for 60 min. Moreover, cumulative response time of nociceptive behaviors induced with intraplantar formalin injection was reduced by hop extract treatment during the 2nd phases. Furthermore, the cumulative nociceptive response time for intrathecal injection of substance P ($0.7{\mu}g$) or glutamate ($20{\mu}g$) was diminished by hop extract. Intraperitoneal pretreatment with naloxone (an opioid receptor antagonist) attenuated antinociceptive effect induced by hop extract in the writhing test. However, methysergide (a 5-HT serotonergic receptor antagonist) or yohimbine (an ${\alpha}_2$-adrenergic receptor antagonist) did not affect antinociception induced by hop extract in the writhing test. Our results suggest that hop extract shows an antinociceptive property in various pain models. Furthermore, the antinociceptive effect of hop extract may be mediated by opioidergic receptors, but not serotonergic and ${\alpha}_2$-adrenergic receptors.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제26권9호
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• pp.1320-1330
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to classify Y generation according to Hip Hop mania elements and to investigate the differences in psychological characteristics (self-consciousness, egocentrism) and buying behavior of Hip Hop fashion among the classified groups. The subjects were 500 middle and high school students living in Seoul and Kyonggi area.46g data were analysed using cluster analysis, ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test. The results were as (follows : As a result of classifying Y generation with Hip Hop mania element including behavior and attitude aspect they were classified into three groups; Hip Hop mania group, Hip Hop interesting group, Hip Hop uninterested group. Among groups there were significant differences in public and private self-consciousness, self-centeredness, evaluative criteria of Hip Hop fashion, information sources and clothing store patronage. Hip Hop Mania group showed significantly higher level in both public and private self-consciousness, thus the members of the group were so egocentric in their thinking and behavior. When they purchased Hip Hop fashion, they regarded both aesthetic appreciation and practicality as import information.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.61-67
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• 2018

Background: The purpose of this study is to report the effect of balance training through various ankle inclination on dynamic balance in healthy adults. Methods: This study was participated in 20 healthy subjects. Twenty healthy adults were randomly divided into 10 ankle inclination group and 10 flat group, 3 kinds of exercised were performed in $30^{\circ}$ of the plantar flexion, $0^{\circ}$ of the neutral angle and $30^{\circ}$ of the dorsiflexion. Above 3 kinds of exercises were also performed in the flat group. Dynamic balance of each group was evaluated using a Figure-of-8 hop test, Up-down hop test, and Functional reach test before and after the experiment. Results: In the ankle inclination, the post-experiment showed a significant difference in Figure-of-8 hop test, Up-down hop test, and Functional reach test in comparison to pre-experiment(p<.05). Conclusion: The exercise applied in the ankle inclination is effective in improvement of the dynamic balance.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.5785-5804
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• 2019

The information of localization is a fundamental requirement in wireless sensor network (WSN). The method of distance vector-hop (DV-Hop), a range-free localization algorithm, can locate the ordinary nodes by utilizing the connectivity and multi-hop transmission. However, the error of the estimated distance between the beacon nodes and ordinary nodes is too large. In order to enhance the positioning precision of DV-Hop, fast triangle flip bat algorithm, which is based on curve strategy and rank transformation (FTBA-TCR) is proposed. The rank is introduced to directly select individuals in the population of each generation, which arranges all individuals according to their merits and a threshold is set to get the better solution. To test the algorithm performance, the CEC2013 test suite is used to check out the algorithm's performance. Meanwhile, there are four other algorithms are compared with the proposed algorithm. The results show that our algorithm is greater than other algorithms. And this algorithm is used to enhance the performance of DV-Hop algorithm. The results show that the proposed algorithm receives the lower average localization error and the best performance by comparing with the other algorithms.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.2499-2522
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• 2017

Multi-hop networks are a low-setup-cost solution for enlarging an area of network coverage through multi-hop routing. Carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) is frequently used in multi-hop networks. Multi-hop networks face multiple problems, such as a rise in contention for the medium, and packet loss under heavy-load, saturated conditions, which consumes more bandwidth due to re-transmissions. The number of re-transmissions carried out in a multi-hop network plays a major role in the achievable quality of service (QoS). This paper presents a statistical, analytical model for the end-to-end delay of contention-based medium access control (MAC) strategies. These strategies schedule a packet before performing the back-off contention for both differentiated heterogeneous data and homogeneous data under saturation conditions. The analytical model is an application of Markov chain theory and queuing theory. The M/M/1 model is used to derive access queue waiting times, and an absorbing Markov chain is used to determine the expected number of re-transmissions in a multi-hop scenario. This is then used to calculate the expected end-to-end delay. The prediction by the proposed model is compared to the simulation results, and shows close correlation for the different test cases with different arrival rates.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.399-406
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• 2004

율피, 솔잎, 호프로부터 70% 아세톤 추출물을 획득하여 대두유, 돈지, 대두유 유탁액, 돈지 유탁액에 대한 항산화력을 토코페롤과 비교하였다. Rancimat의 유도기간에 따른 항산화력 비교에서는, 대두유에서는 솔잎>율피>호프>토코페롤>무첨가구, 돈지에서는 토코페롤>율피>솔잎>호프>무첨가구로서 항산화력이 있었다. Peroxide value의 측정을 통한 항산화력 비교에서는, 대두유나 대두유 유탁액, 돈지나 돈지 유탁액에서 이들 세 추출물은 같거나 우수한 항산화력을 나타내었으며, 율피가 가장 좋은 것으로 판단되었다. 폴리페놀화합물의 분석결과, 율피 추출물에는 ellagic acid가 솔잎 추출물에는 flavanol이 항산화력에 큰 영향을 미친 것으로 보인다.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.35-45
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• 2014

차량의 주행환경은 차량의 위치와 속도, 차량 사이의 거리변화가 심한 특징을 가진다. 차량 통신시스템의 성능은 차량의 주행환경에 영향을 받기 때문에, 정확한 성능 측정을 위해서는 실제 도로환경에서 주행환경을 고려하여 시스템 성능 시험을 수행해야 한다. 본 논문은 실제 도로환경에서 V2V/V2I 성능과 V2V 멀티홉 전송기능 시험 방법을 제안하고, 기 개발된 차량 통신시스템으로 측정한 시험 결과를 제시한다. 시험결과를 통해 통신장치의 거리와 차량의 주행 방향이 통신성능에 영향을 주는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 제안된 멀티홉 시험 방법으로 제한된 지역 내에서 주행하는 차량을 활용하여 멀티홉 전송 기능을 확인하였다.