• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.344-355
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• 2011

We conducted experiments to compare the catch rate of bigeye tuna and yellowfin tuna between circle hooks and straight shank hook in the Korean tuna longline fishery at the eastern and central Pacific Ocean from 2005 to 2007. We analyzed difference of fork length, survival and hooking location between a circle hook and a straight shank hook for both tunas, respectively. There was no difference in the mean fork length size of yellowfin tuna caught on the two type of hook but bigeye tuna was significant. In case of survival, there was no difference between two hook type, but the difference of hooking location was significant for both species. We also analyzed to find determinants of both tunas catch rate using generalized linear models (GLMs) which were used latitude, longitude, year, month, depth, hook type, bait type and so on as independent variables. Spatial factors, latitude and longitude, and temporal factors, year and month, affected catch rate of bigeye tuna and yellowfin tuna. And also, depth such as a marine environment factor was influenced on catch rate.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.123-129
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• 2012

Objective: To evaluate if acromial locking in hook plate is necessary for surgical treatment of acromioclavicular dislocation by compare Wolter plate and AO hook plate. Methods: Seventy one patients who have Rockwood type III to V acromioclavicular joint dislocation treated with AO hook plate and Wolter plate were involved. Among them, 39 patients were treated with Wolter hook plate and 32 patients with AO hook plate. The Constant-Murley score and the range of motion of shoulder joint were measured on postoperative 1st ,$3^{rd}$, $6^{th}$ and $12^{th}$ months, and the radiological complications involving plate and bone were investigated. Results: Constant-Murley score of postoperative one year were $83.2{\pm}6.8$ in AO hook plate group and $85.2{\pm}5.3$ in Wolter plate group without statistical difference (p<0.05). Faster recover of forward elevation and external rotation were examined in Wolter plate group at first and third months after surgery than those of AO hook plate group, but there were no significant difference between after six months or later after surgery. Four cases of loosen or broken screws and one case of pull-out of plate were found in Wolter plate group. Seven cases of subacromial bony erosion and one periprosthetic fracture were found in AO hook plate group. Conclusion: Although clinical outcomes of both two methods were same, no matter if acromial locking system was or not. More radiological complication of plate and bone were found in AO hook plate than that of Wolter plate. However also had disadvantage like larger incision during surgery.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.126-131
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• 2017

To improve the efficiency of hairtail trolling, it is important to gain an accurate understanding of the distribution of fish based on their diurnal vertical migration patterns. This study evaluated the vertical distribution of hairtails through catch efficiency tests using vertical longlines. Five replicate tests of the efficiency were carried out on the eastern coast of Jeju Island from August to September 2016, from 11:00 AM to 03:00 PM in the daytime and 11:00 PM to 03:00 AM in the nighttime. The fishing gear was composed of 20 hooks per line set, numbered in order from the first hook near the surface to the last hook on the seabed. The depth of the first hook was 18 m, and that of the last hook was 86 m. Pacific saury was used as the baits. In total, 10 sets of fishing gear were used per trip. After fishing, we counted the hairtails at each numbered hook, which were summed up both by number and in aggregate. A total of 232 hairtails were caught using 2,000 hooks: 193 individuals at daytime and 39 at nighttime. The hook rate was 11.5% : 9.6% at daytime; 2.0% at nighttime. For both daytime and nighttime catches, there were variations in the hook rates at each numbered hook. In the daytime, a maximum of 28.5% catches occurred at hook number 18, followed by 21.4% at number 20, and 10.7% at number 17, accounting for 60.6% of the daytime hook rates. In the nighttime, a maximum of 23.0% catches occurred at hook number 1, followed by 15.3% at hook number 4 and 9, accounting for 53.6% of the nighttime hook rate. Based on the above results, hairtails are usually distributed in deeper region in daytime, whereas they occur near the surface in nighttime. Therefore, it is necessary to position trolling lines according to diurnal vertical distribution layers of hairtails for fishing efficiency.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.450-456
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• 2002

Die desig for manufacturing hooks from steel wires has been depended on empirical procedures based on trial and error method. To design die, at first the curvature and bending angle of hook are computed by using AutoCAD and developed program which is composed of Visual Basic. Then spring back should be considered because the elastic recovery of material is very important in bending process. In this study, bending analysis of elastic-plastic materials is applied to predict curvature of hook and spring back. Therefore, systematic procedure of die design for bending hook is achieved to consider elastic recovery in terms of hook shapes. Experimental results are good agreement with calculated results.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.19-34
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• 2019

The present study obtained universal mathematical models of all elements and characteristics regarding hook and line fishing systems. To describe the hook and line fishing systems on site we used three kinds of coordinate systems: the earth based coordinate system, natural coordinate system, and flow (velocity) coordinate system. Mathematical models presented in this article allow us to define the shape of the fishing gear, the tension of the rope at different points, hydrodynamic resistance, diameter of the hook's wire, immersion depth of the fishing hooks, distance from hooks to the ground and the required lifting force of the floats. These models allow for the performance of computer simulations regarding any kinds of hook and line gears in still water or water where flow occurs.

• The Academic Congress of Korean Shoulder and Elbow Society
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• 2009.03a
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• pp.174-174
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• 2009

The acromioclavicular-hook-plate is one of the surgical treatments for distal clavicle fracture and traumatic acromioclavicular (AC) joint dislocation. Although this procedure can obtain rigid and accurate anatomical reduction of the AC joint, secondary widening of the hook-hole in the acromion is often seen during postoperative follow-up. This complication is owing to the high-degree of mobility of the AC joint. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the effect on these complications due to the position of the hook-hole. The purpose of the present study is to investigate three-dimensionally the effect due to the position of the hook-hole during arm abduction motion. We studied in vivo and three-dimensional kinematics of the normal shoulder joint with use of a markerless bone-registration technique. Magnetic resonance images of 14 shoulders of 7 healthy volunteers were acquired in 7 positions between $0^{\circ}$ and $180^{\circ}$ of abduction. We created three-dimensional computer models of the bones and the acromioclavicular-hook-plate. Based on the three-dimensional kinematics data, we simulated the widening of the hook-hole each different positioning of the hook-hole. The widths of the hook-holes almost linearly increased. And these widths significantly increased, when we put the hook-hole on the acromion from AC joint to 20 mm and 25 mm posterior position.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.227-233
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• 2018

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the radiologic results of patients who underwent surgery with a hook plate and a locking plate in distal clavicle fractures. Methods: Sixty patients underwent surgical treatment for Neer type IIa, IIb, III, and V distal clavicle fracture. Twenty-eight patients underwent fracture fixation with a hook plate and 32 with a locking plate. Coracoclavicular distance was measured on standard anteroposterior radiographs before and after the surgery, and union was confirmed by radiograph or computed tomography taken at 6 months postoperatively. Other radiologic complications like osteolysis was also checked. Results: Bony union was confirmed in 59 patients out of 60 patients, and 1 patient in the hook plate group showed delayed union. Coracoclavicular distance was decreased more in the hook plate group after surgery (p<0.01). After 6 weeks of the hook plate removal, the coracoclavicular distance was increased a little compared to before metal removal, but there was no difference compared to the contralateral shoulder. Eleven out of 28 patients (39.3%) showed osteolysis on the acromial undersurface in the hook plate group. Conclusions: Both the hook plate group and the locking plate group showed satisfactory radiologic results in distal clavicle fractures. Both hook plate and locking plate could be a good treatment option if it is used in proper indication in distal clavicle fracture with acromioclavicular subluxation or dislocation.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.91 no.3
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• pp.263-277
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• 2024

The primary aim of this study is to introduce an innovative configuration for stirrup hooks in reinforced concrete beams and analyze the impact of factors such as stirrup spacing, placement, and hook lengths on the structural performance of reinforced concrete beam elements. A total of 18 specimens were produced and subjected to reversed cyclic loading, with two specimens serving as reference specimens and the remaining 16 specimens utilizing a specifically developed stirrup hook configuration. The experiment used reinforced concrete beams scaled down to half their original size. These beams were built with a shear span-to-depth ratio of 3 (a/d=3). The experimental samples were divided into two distinct groups. The first group comprises nine test specimens that consider the contribution of concrete to shear strength, while the second group consists of nine test specimens that do not consider this contribution. The preparation of reference beam specimens for both groups involved the utilization of standard hooks. The stirrup hooks in the test specimens are configured with a 90-degree angle positioned at the midpoint of the bottom section of the beam. The criteria considered in this study included the distance between hooks, hook angle, stirrup spacing, hook orientation, and hook length. In the experimental group examining the contribution of concrete on shear strength, it was noted that the stirrup hooks of both the R1 reference specimen and specific test specimens displayed indications of opening. However, when the contribution of concrete on shear strength was not considered, it was observed that none of the stirrup hooks proposed in the R0 reference specimen and test specimens showed any indications of opening. Neglecting the contribution of concrete in the assessment of shear strength yielded more favorable outcomes regarding structural robustness. The study found that the strength values obtained using the suggested alternative stirrup hook were similar to those of the reference specimens. Furthermore, all the test specimens successfully achieved the desired strengths.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.81-87
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• 2008

C-Hook is a kind of conveyer system for transporting steel coil in POSCO. To detect the current position and the trajectory of steel coils in a plant, C-Hooks are tracked by an inspection system based on PLC. The inspection system detects transit of C-Hooks by monitoring a physical contact between steel bars on a C-Hook and the inspection sensors. However, this system is not reliable because of the abrasion, damage and aging. Moreover, the number of distinguishable C-Hooks is limited by the number of combination of steel bars on a C-Hook. It means that more steel bars should be installed for distinguishing the more C-Hooks. Therefore, the conventional system is difficult and expensive to maintain. To overcome these problems, we propose a C-Hook identification system that uses RFID which is a non-contact type identification system, and evaluate its performance and applicability from a new monitoring program that operates along with the conventional system in the real environment of POSCO.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 2015

Background: To report the radiological and clinical outcomes of internal fixation using distal clavicle hook plates for distal clavicle fractures. Methods: From April 2008 to December 2012, 32 patients with distal clavicle fractures underwent surgery using an AO hook plate. The reduction was qualified and evaluated according to the radiological findings. The evaluation of the clinical outcomes was performed with the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) score, the Korean Shoulder score, and the visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score. Results: By radiological evaluation, we found that 31 of 32 patients showed anatomical reduction and solid bone union. Although we obtained satisfactory UCLA scores, Korean Shoulder Scale scores, and VAS pain scores, 12 cases of complications were present. We found 4 cases of osteolysis of the acromion, 1 case of nonunion, 3 cases of periprosthetic fractures, 3 cases of subacromial pain, and 1 case of skin irritation. We performed re-operations in 2 patients. Conclusions: To avoid complications associated with clavicle hook plates, choosing the appropriate hook size and bending of the hook according to the slope of the acromion undersurface is critical. Also, we believe that early removal of clavicle plates may help reduce complications.