• 전기학회논문지
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• 제60권8호
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• pp.1451-1459
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• 2011

Recently, low energy houses have become an essential issue globally and various subsidy programs are ongoing to penetrate. All-electric houses which are another type of low energy houses or zero carbon houses are being developed. These houses consider new & renewable energy and demand side management programs in the construction and the diffusion process because these programs are essential policies to use energy resources reasonably. This paper shows a simulation methodology to control home appliances in all-electric houses considering the electricity consumption pattern of residents. The simulation is a first step to estimate energy saving of the house in a practical manner.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제32권1B호
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• pp.22-30
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 분산 객체 관리의 편의성을 제공하고, 고장 발생시에도 안정된 서비스를 가능케 하는 고장포용 객체그룹(Fault-Tolerant Object Group, FTOG) 프레임워크를 제안한다. FTOG 프레임워크는 서비스 우선순위와 체크포인트 방법을 이용하여 두 가지의 고장 회복 방안을 제공하며 퍼지 기반의 부하 추론 과정을 통한 부하 분산을 수행하여 서비스 실행에서의 효율성을 높인다. 또한 가상의 홈네트워크 환경을 구성하고 FTOG 프레임워크를 적용하여 시뮬레이션을 통해 분산되어 있는 객체들의 관리 및 부하 분산 등 본 모델의 안정성 및 신뢰성을 검증하였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.34-42
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• 2017

기존의 NIALM 연구들은 부하 식별을 위해 전압 변동은 무시할 수 있고 식별 결과에 영향을 주지 않는다고 가정하기 때문에 일반적으로 전압과 관련된 PF나, 고조파 신호는 부하 식별을 위한 매개 변수로 고려되지 않았으나, 실제 이러한 조건은 스마트 홈 분야에서 NIALM의 응용성이 제한되는 어려움이 만든다. 본 논문의 실험을 통해 부하 모니터링 시스템의 정확성과 신뢰성을 향상시키기 위해 전압과 관련된 매개 변수와 고조파의 특성을 사용해야 한다고 결론을 내렸다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 홈 네트워크 환경에서 가전기기의 종류 및 전기 에너지 사용량을 효율적으로 분석할 수 있는 개선된 NIALM 방식을 제안한다. 제안된 방식은 가전기기 고유의 특징 및 동작 특성을 분석하고, 일부 가전기기가 가지고 있는 고조파 특성을 인식 매개변수로 활용함으로써 전력 에너지 사용 패턴 분석 및 추적할 수 있게 된다. 본 논문에서 제안된 방식을 통해 홈 네트워크에서 실제 운용되는 가전 에너지 효율성 증대와 스마트그리드 전력 수요관리 시장에 서비스를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.233-239
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• 1999

This study was to investigate the factors which influence foodservice dietitians' job satisfaction and dissatisfaction by the elementary school foodservice type using questionnaires. The results of the study are as followings : 1) Foodservice types of the subjects were urban 49(23.2%), country 141(66.8%) and island 21(10.0%). 79.6% of the urban type were operated by the conventional, independent management system, where 38.3% of the country and 52.4% of the island type were operated by conventional, joint management system. 2) Urban type dietitians showed significantly lower satisfaction on their salary & promotion(1.5) compare to country & island types(p<0.05). Island type dietitians showed significantly lower satisfaction on the student's health improving(2.4) compare to country &urban types(p<0.05). 3) Dietitians of urban type were dissatisfied more 'personnel management(3.2)' than dietitians of other two types. Dietitians of country type and island type were dissatisfied more 'extra work load(2.6)' than dietitians of urban type. 4) Work load was lots orderly island, country and urban types. Working attitudes were the most positive at dietitians of urban type and the most negative at dietitians of island type. 5) Job satisfaction and dissatisfaction of dietitians were correlated with number of meals, number of school transfer, cook license, additional job and school foodservice location type.

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.103-110
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• 2020

In this study, the design and operating strategy of DC home grid with PV, battery, and ultracapacitor have been discussed, The proposed sizing method can find the optimum size of the battery and PV which can reduce yearly utility energy consumption, whereas the control scheme can maintain the DC-bus voltage level of the DC home grid under different operating conditions, where day or night time operation, load and PV power levels, and the maximum current and state-of-charge of batter are considered. In addition, a supervisory power management strategy has been suggested, and its validity has been verified by HILS (hardware in-the-loop simulation) results.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제25권11호
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• pp.39-49
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• 2011

Smart Grid has two main objectives on both supply and demand aspects which are to distribute the renewable energy sources on supply side and to develop realtime price responses on demand side. Renewable energy does not consume fossil fuels, therefore it improves the eco-friendliness and saves the cost of power system operation at the same time. Demand response increases the flexibility of the power system by mitigating the fluctuation from renewable energies, and reduces the capacity investment cost by shedding the peak load to off-peak periods. Currently Smart Grid technologies mainly focus on energy monitoring and display services but it has been proved that enabling technologies can induce the higher demand responses through many pilot projects in USA. On this context, this paper provides a price responsive algorithm for HEMS (home energy management system) on the real time pricing environment. This paper identifies the demand response as a core function of HEMS and classifies the demand into 3 categories of fixed, transferable, and realtime responsive loads which are coordinated and operated for the utility maximization or cost minimization with the optimal usage combination of three kinds of demand.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.2398-2421
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• 2020

In third world countries like Pakistan, the production of electricity has been quickly reduced in past years due to rely on the fossil fuel. According to a survey conducted in 2017, the overall electrical energy capacity was 22,797MW, since the electrical grids have gone too old, therefore the efficiency of grids, goes down to nearly 17000MW. Significant addition of fossil fuel, hydro and nuclear is 64.2%, 29% and 5.8% respectively in the total electricity production in Pakistan. In 2018, the demand crossed 20,223MW, compared to peak generation of 15,400 to 15,700MW as by the Ministry of Water and Power. Country faces a deficit of almost 4000MW to 5000MW for the duration of 2019 hot summer term. Focus on one aspect considering Demand Side Management (DSM) cannot oversea the reduction of gap between power demand and customer supply, which eventually leads to the issue of load shedding. Hence, a scheduling scheme is proposed in this paper called RPSMDSM that is based on selection of those appliances that need to be only Turned-On, on priority during peak hours consuming minimum energy. The Home Energy Management (HEM) system is integrated between consumer and utility and bidirectional flow is presented in the scheme. During peak hours of electricity, the RPSMDSM is capable to persuade less power consumption and accomplish productivity in load management. Simulations show that RPSMDSM scheme helps in scheduling the electricity loads from peak price to off-peak price hours. As a result, minimization in electricity cost as well as (Peak-to-Average Ratio) PAR are accomplished with sensible waiting time.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.559-567
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• 2018

In this paper, we propose a new load forecasting method for smart air conditioning (A/C) based on the modified thermodynamics of indoor temperature and the unbiased finite memory estimator (UFME). Based on modified first-order thermodynamics, the dynamic behavior of indoor temperature can be described by the time-domain state-space model, and an accurate estimate of indoor temperature can be achieved by the proposed UFME. In addition, a reliable A/C load forecast can be obtained using the proposed method. Our study involves the experimental validation of the proposed A/C load forecasting method and communication construction between DR server and HEMS in a test bed. Through experimental data sets, the effectiveness of the proposed estimation method is validated.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제61권9호
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• pp.1350-1357
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• 2012

Medical system for personal health management recently changes its paradigm from hospital service to self home care based on ubiquitous technology for healthcare anywhere at any time. The present study developed a wireless bio-signal measurement system for patients to self manage pulmonary disease and benign prostate hyperplasia(BPH), both of which are chronic diseases with increasing frequency in modern society. Velocity-type respiratory air flow transducer adapted to develop respiratory module for pulmonary disease management was simplified in structure to measure uni-directional flow since most important diagnostic parameters are evaluated on the expiratory flow signal only. Standard weight measurement technique was introduced to obtain urinary flow signal for BPH management. Three load cell signals were acquired for averaging to minimize noise, followed by accuracy evaluation. Transmission and receiver modules were also developed with user program for wireless communication. Averaged relative errors were 2.05 and 1.02% for respiratory volume and maximal flow rate, respectively, and the relative error was 2.17% for urinary volume, demonstrating that both modules enabled very accurate measurements. Wireless communication distance was verified within 15m, long enough for home care application. The present system allows the user to select a necessary measurement module on a particular health demand and to immediately provide the self-test results, thus better quality health care would be possible.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.513-522
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• 2016

We propose a mechanism for monitoring load in quality of service (QoS)-enabled wireless networks and show how it can be used for network management as well as for dynamic pricing. Mobile network traffic, especially video, has grown exponentially over the last few years and it is anticipated that this trend will continue into the future. Driving factors include the availability of new affordable, smart devices, such as smart-phones and tablets, together with the expectation of high quality user experience for video as one would obtain at home. Although new technologies such as long term evolution (LTE) are expected to help satisfy this demand, the fact is that several other mechanisms will be needed to manage overload and congestion in the network. Therefore, the efficient management of the expected huge data traffic demands is critical if operators are to maintain acceptable service quality while making a profit. In the current work, we address this issue by first investigating how the network load can be accurately monitored and then we show how this load metric can then be used to provide creative pricing plans. In addition, we describe its applications to features like traffic offloading and user satisfaction tracking.