• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.588-596
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• 2009

To determine the relationships between soybean food intake, dietary isoflavone intake, and osteoporosis incidence, questionnaire surveys, bone mineral density measurements, and dietary surveys by food record were performed with 19 postmenopausal women ($57.6{\pm}7.3$ yrs of age) in Daejeon city. The subjects were divided into two groups: an 'osteoporosis group' (OG, n=10) and a 'normal group' (NG, n=9). Mean age, height, and body weight were similar between the two groups but BMI was higher in OG than in NG. Mean age at menarche was not different between the two groups. However, mean number of childbirths was greater in OG than in NG and mean total period of lactation was shorter in OG. Mean exercise time per week was similar between the two groups, and mean time of sunlight exposure tended to be shorter in OG. Mean daily intake of calcium was lower in OG whereas sodium intake was higher in OG. Mean daily intakes of total soybean food (OG: $203.8{\pm}84.6\;g/d$, NG: $285.0{\pm}146.3\;g/d$) and total dietary isoflavone (OG: $29.1{\pm}14.3\;mg/d$, NG: $38.3{\pm}23.1\;mg/d$) were not different between the two groups. However, greater intakes of soybean food and dietary isoflavone were associated with higher bone mineral density, respectively. The above results indicate that osteoporosis incidence tends to be influenced by BMI, maternal factors, dietary nutrient intakes, soybean food intakes, and dietary isoflavone intakes in postmenopausal women; although no significant differences in soybean food and dietary isoflavone intake were found between the two groups. This tendency implies that greater intakes of soybean food and dietary isoflavone lead to lower incidence of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제61권4호
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• pp.647-661
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• 2023

This study explored the relationship between Generation MZ female consumers' participation in sports activity, consumption of body-exposing sportswear, body-esteem, and appearance management behavior. In-depth interviews were conducted with twenty Generation MZ female consumers who regularly participate in sports activity and consume body-exposing sportswear. Based on transcriptions of in-depth interviews conducted with research subjects, the researcher and two assistant researchers collectively categorized and compared common characteristics found in their responses, categorized according to themes using units of words/terms and paragraphs. The main finding were as follows. Firstly, Generation MZ female consumers participated in various sports activities for an average of approximately one hour, three times per week. The effects of such participation were improvements in physical and psychological health. Secondly, Generation MZ female consumers considered aesthetical, functional, and economical factors when they consumed body-exposing sportswear, regardless of the activity in which they participated. This sportswear served to increase the efficiency of exercise and also played a motivational role. Thirdly, the overall body-esteem of Generation MZ female consumers who participated in sports activity regularly and consumed body-exposing sportswear was high. Fourthly, Generation MZ female consumers who regularly participated in sports activity and consumed body-exposing sportswear were practicing active appearance management behavior in order to show how their body had been shaped by sports activity. In addition, they were pursuing four self-images: "polished image pursue", "self-care image pursue", "natural image pursue", and "trustworthy image pursue".

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.296-301
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• 2023

Background: A supervised physiotherapy program (SPP) is a standard regimen after surgical rotator cuff repair (RCR); however, the effect of a home-based exercise program (HEP), as an alternative, on postoperative functional recovery remains unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this meta-analysis was to compare the functional effects of SPP and HEP after RCR. Methods: We searched electronic databases including Central, Medline, and Embase in April 2022. The primary outcomes included the Constant score, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, University of California Los Angeles shoulder score, and pain score. Secondary outcomes included range of motion, muscle strength, retear rate, and patient satisfaction rate. A meta-analysis using random-effects models was performed on the pooled results to determine the significance. Results: The initial database search yielded 848 records, five of which met our criteria. Variables at 3 months after surgery were successfully analyzed, including the Constant score (mean difference, -8.51 points; 95% confidence interval [CI], -32.72 to 15.69; P=0.49) and pain score (mean difference, 0.02 cm; 95% CI, -2.29 to 2.33; P=0.99). There were no significant differences between the SPP and HEP. Other variables were not analyzed owing to the lack of data. Conclusions: Our data showed no significant differences between SSP and HEP with regard to the Constant and pain scores at 3 months after RCR. These results suggest that HEP may be an alternative regimen after RCR. Level of evidence: I.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.49-67
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• 2013

이 연구의 목적은 2007 개정 교육과정에 따른 중학교 기술 가정 1 교과서의 외형 체제와 '문제해결과 발명' 단원의 내용적 요소를 분석하여 기술 교과에서의 발명 교육 내용 체계 기초 자료를 제공하는 데 있다. 이 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 기술가정 1의 교과서의 기술의 세계 영역은 '기술과 발명' 대단원 구성 비율은 10~18%였으며 중단원인 '문제해결과 발명' 단원 구성 비율은 6.7~12.9%의 비율을 보였다. 둘째, 대부분의 교과서에서 교육과정해설서에 제시된 성취 기준을 바탕으로 '기술적 문제해결', '아이디어 구상', '입체투상법', '확산적 사고 기법', '수렴적 사고 기법', '생활 속 발명품 만들기' 등을 주요 내용으로 차례를 구성하고 있다. 셋째, 세부 구성 체계는 도입(대단원명, 중단원 차례, 들어가기, 중단원명, 학습 목표, 생각열기), 전개(소단원명, 생각해보기, 핵심용어, 본문, 학습 도우미, 수행활동, 조사활동, 보충학습, 심화학습, 생활 속 기술, 읽을거리, 토의활동, 진로직업), 정리(중단원 정리, 학습 정리, 용어 정리, 되돌아보기, 논술 따라하기, 스스로 정리하기, 대단원 평가) 등으로 구성되었다. 넷째, 삽화 분석 결과 사진이 가장 많고 그림, 표, 그래프의 순이었으며 사진은 다양한 발명품, 역사 속 발명품, 발명 기법, 체험활동의 과정을 나타낸 것이 대부분이었으며, 그림은 본문의 내용을 나타내거나 발명 기법 등을 제시한 것이 대부분이었다. 표는 발명 체험 활동에서 공정표나 재료표 등을 작성하기 위한 것이 대부분이었으며, 그래프는 발명 현황이나 특허 건 수를 나타내기 위해 사용되었다. 다섯째, 내용 비중 분석 결과 '발명과 사고', '발명체험활동'에 많은 비중을 두어 기술되었으며, '발명의 이해', '발명과 특허'는 많이 기술되어 있지 않았다. 여섯째, 내용 제시 방식 분석 결과 대부분의 교과서에서 그림, 표, 삽화 등과 문장으로 혼합되어 기술되어 있었다. 이상의 연구 결과를 바탕으로 첫째, 일관성 있는 발명 교육 내용 체계를 유지해야 하며, 둘째, 다양한 시각에서 보다 정밀하고 체계적인 교과서 분석이 이루어져야 함을 제언한다.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.103-117
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• 2023

본 연구는 노인들의 사회적 관계와 신체활동 실천과의 관련성을 전기노인(65-74세)과 후기노인(75세 이상)으로 나누어서 살펴보았다. 연구 자료는 2020년 노인실태조사 원시자료를 이용하여 65세 이상 노인 10,097명을 대상으로 하였으며 사회적 관계(장애요인 및 동기요인)와 신체활동 실천과의 관련성 파악하고자 교차분석과 이분형 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 노인들의 신체활동 실천율은 전기노인 40.8%, 후기노인 29.2%로 전기노인이 11.6%p 더 높게 나타났다. 노인들의 신체활동 실천에 영향을 미치는 인구사회학적 특성으로 전기노인은 성별, 거주지역, 취업여부, 가구소득으로 나타났고, 후기노인은 성별, 연령, 거주지역, 교육수준, 가구소득으로 나타났다. 노인들의 신체활동 실천에 영향을 미치는 사회적 관계 장애요인으로 전기노인은 친한 친구수, 가족 간병여부, 운동 관련 정보검색 및 동영상 시청여부로 나타났고, 후기노인은 가구형태, 친한 친구수, 운동교육 참여여부, 운동 관련 정보검색 및 동영상 시청여부로 나타났다. 노인들의 신체활동 실천에 영향을 미치는 사회적 관계 동기요인으로 전기노인은 (손)자녀/친인척/친구와의 연락정도, 스포츠 활동 참여여부, 종교 및 사회활동 참여여부, 집에서 산책/운동할 수 있는 공원까지의 접근시간으로 나타났고, 후기노인은 (손)자녀/친인척/친구와의 연락정도, 스포츠 활동 참여여부, 녹지공간에 대한 만족정도로 나타났다. 결론적으로 노인들의 사회적 관계 장애요인과 동기요인은 신체활동 증진 전략 개발시 중요한 고려 요소임을 알 수 있었고, 노인 연령 간에도 차이가 있으므로 향후 전기노인과 후기노인의 특징을 고려한 맞춤형 신체활동 증진 정책 마련이 필요할 것이다.

• 동서간호학연구지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.22-39
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• 1997

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of rehabilitation education on the reduction of the stress of family members who have patients suffering from stroke and to find a new way to nurse the patients and their family. Subjects & Methods: The subjects were sixty-one family members with the patients who had been hospotalized in K hospital of oriental medicine from september the 9th, 1996 to september the fourteen, 1996. This study was performed by simulated control group pretest-posttest design; pretest was done on the control group through a questionnaire, counselling and observation while posttest was done on the experimental group 1-2 days after systemic rehabilitation education. To teach the patients and their family, the amended version of a book written by Lee Hae-jin was used as a tool for systemic rehabilitation education. As a method to estimate ADL score, modified Kang's method was applied and ADL score was measured by well-trained technician. As for the tool to estimate the degree of family stress, Choi's method adjusted to this study was applied. In the analysis of the data, social property of the patient and the characteristic of the disease were surveyed in $X^2$ examination to confirm the consistency between the experimental group and the control group. The diffrence in the degree of the stress, which is a dependent factor, was examined by t-test. The difference in ADL score between the experimental group and the control group was examined by t-test. The difference in the degree of the stress according to the general feature of the family with stroke patient, social property of the patients and the characteristic of the disease were surveyed by F examination. The difference in family stress according to the degree of ADL was surveyed by F examination. RESULTS: 1. After hypothetically-examined systemic rehabilitation education, the total of the score of family stress surveyed in 34 items of three domains was compared between the experimental group and the control group. There was no statistically significant difference between two groups; mean score of experimental group=2.28, that of control group=2.93(t=.17, df=59, p=. 66). 2. In the survey on family stress in 34 items, the items over mean score 3.0 were firstly the anxiety of possible disability and relapse of the disease and secondly to watch the patient's suffering without doing anything in the domain of the change of the disease and the difficulty in caring. And the items of the lowest stress with less than mean 2.0 score were little chance to meet the relative and friends, inconsistent treatment and attitude of the medical workers and the change of the attitude of the relative due to the patient orderly in the domain of social and personal relation and the responsibility as the family. The items which showed the difference between two groups were aggravation of neighboring patient(t=3.36, df= 59, p=.001) and the possibility of patient's death(t=2.19, df=58.38, p=.033) in the domain of the change of the disease and the difficulty in caring. 3. In the study on the stress difference according to general features of the family with the stroke patient, the score of family stress with the occupation was higher with mean 2.49 than that of the family stress without occupation with mean 2.16, but there was no significant difference. (F=5.21, df=1/59, p=.026). 4. In the study on the stress difference according to social property of the patient and the characteristic of the disease, there was significant difference in the age of the patients (F=2.98, df=3/57, p=.039). These results show that even if there is no statistically significant difference between two groups, sixteen of the experimental group are less than 3.0 in ADL score(standard 6 score)while eight of the control group are less than 3.0 and that ten of the experimental group are in the year range of 39-49 while four of the control group are in the year range of 39-49 which showed significant difference in family stress. These imply that there is a possibility that the experimental group have serious and fundamental stress resulting in high pretest stress compared with the control group. It might be due to the characteristic of simulated control group pretest-posttest design that the psychologic-supportive effect by the education was not observed. On the basis of these results, the followings are suggested. 1) A study on the nursing-mediated method to reduce the stress in the items which are not resolved by rehabilitation education, a study on nursing according to the patient's age and a study on the supportive nursing toward the family with occupation are required. 2) More than two times consecutive nursing-mediated rehabilitation education to measure the family stress is required. 3) Comprehensive and multilateral systemic education program including the instruction on western-eastern medicine, physical therapy, exercise and diet through collaboration of the experts in each field is required. 4) Family stress at home as well as in the hospital needs to be estimated and home rehabilitation and home-nursing needs to be continued.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.36-49
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• 1973

This study was carried out for the objectives to collect the basic informations on the health behaviors of the elementary school children in an urban area in Korea. Seven hundred students were drawn to fill in the designed questionnaire which carries variety of Questions on health re-lated behaviors in general, eating habits, disease history, mental health, and sex education. Questionnaire were filled in by their parents. Major findings are as follows: ① 55.7% had habits of washing the hands before eating whereas 59.8% trashing their hands after toilet. The others had no idea of washing hands before eating and after toilet. ② 26,5% had habits of brushing the teeth twice a day 54.7% only once in the morning, and 2.6% once only in the evening. Thus, the idea of prevention from decayed teeth seems to be lacking among the school children. ③ Bathing habits were also inquired to get 40.3% of bathing more than once a week, 43.1% once every two weeks, and the rest of 16.6% once every one to three months. ④ 41.7% keep the regular bedding time whereas 58.3% irregular. Physical exercises were con-ducted by 76.6% on the ground while 23.5% did not practice any physical exercises at all. Of those physical exercises, rope skipping occupied 37.5%, and the other 66.9% consisted of 14 different kinds of individual type physical exercises such as gymnastic exercise. The main reasons for not enjoying exercises were different by sex; boys largely complained the inadequacy and lack of gymnastic facilities and girls felt in short of friends who could join the exercises. ⑤ 31.9% of the school children had been taking not much of food while 28.3% had unbalanced diets. Of these unbalanced diets, meat occupied 33.2% to be the priority to have an order of the following items such as vegetables, bread or noodle, and fishes as next to each. For eating habits, 88.5% take simple snack such as bread (38.4%, cookies, fruits, and candies in order. 25.8% of the children were provided such snacks or their parents regularly. Breakfast was sufficiently taken by 45.0% whereas 8.4% had never sufficiently. As to the lunch, 63.6% had sufficiently while 16.8% insufficiently. 70.6% take breakfast with all family members together and 30.4% separately. Correlation of sufficient taking of breakfast and eating together of tile family member's seems to be significant when we compare 72.5% of sufficient takers who enjoy breakfast together with the family members with 55.6% of insufficient takers who enjoy it with the family. This finding allows the investigator to point out the importance of table circumstances for children's eating. ⑥ The most common disease was catching a cold (38.8%), and the second was stomach trouble to be followed by the frequency of car sickness, headache, and skin infection. Doctors are consulted only by 23.9% when they are sick whereas 59.7% resorted to the drug stores. The lower the educational attainment of the parents, the lower the rate of visiting clinics. ⑦ 36.7% of their parents pointed out the problems of personality guidance as the most difficult thing at home 71.3% of their parents worried about and unsatisfied with their children's personality traits. Of these complains of the parents, impatience stood at the top to be tabulated at 24.1%, and 21.1% indicated narrow-mindedness. In line with this primary socialization at home, the most crucial problem seems to be related with the lack or recognition of the parents'own role when we find only 43.1% of the parents understood the importance of their own role for the home education of children; the latter group attributed tile responsibility of personality formation to the children themselves. ⑧ As to the sex educational aspects, 30.9% of children have ever asked about the physiology of reproduction or sexual matters to their parents, of those parents only 17.0% could give the constructive responses to the inquiries of the children. In companies on with these data, 25.6% recognized their own role in sex education for their own children while the large segments of the parents (51.1%) attributed the responsibility of sex education to tile low level of 38.3% who recognized the importance of sex education in the school curriculum and 25.1% of the parents insisted to wait until they get to know naturally about sex. 38.1% of the parents said they had some knowledge on sex from books while 16.9% through mass media. The next groups had common senses of sex from their own parents, school friends and other sources.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.70-79
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• 1999

This study attempts to encourage the development of a rehabilitation delivery system as a substitute service for hospitalization such as a community based intermediate facility or home health care. We need substitute services for hospitalization to curtail the length of stay for inpatients due to car accidents. It focused on developing an estimation for early discharge based on a detailed statement of treatment from medical records of 109 inpatients who were hospitalized at General Hospital in 1997. This study has three specific purposes: First, to find the mean length of stay and mean medical expenditure. Second, to estimate the mean of early discharge from the mean length of stay. Third, to analyize the income effect per bed from early discharge. In order to analyze the length of stay and medical expenditure of inpatients the author conducted a micro and macro-analysis with medical expenditure records. To estimate the early discharge we examined with a group of 4 experts decreases in the amount of treatment after surgery, in treatments, in tests, in drug methods. We also looked their vital signs, the start of ROM exercise, the time removel, a patient's visitations, and possible stable conditions. In addition to identifing the income effect due to an early discharge, the data was analyzed by an SPSS-PC for windows and Excell program with a regression analysis model. The research findings are as follows: First, the mean length of stay was 47.56 days, but the mean length of stay due to early discharge was 32.26 days. The estimation of early discharge days was shown to depend on the length of stay. The longer the length of stay, the longer the length before discharge. For example, if the patient stayed under 14 days the mean length of stay was 7.09 while an early discharge was 6.39, whereas if the mean length of stay was 155.73, the early discharge time was 107.43. The mean medical expenditure per day of car accident patients was found to be 169,085 Won, whereas the mean medical expenditure per day was shown to be in a negative linear form according to the length of stay. That is the mean expenditure for under 14 days of stay was 303,015 Won and the period of the hospitalization of 15 days to 29 days was 170,338 Won and those of 30 days to 59 days was 113,333 Won. The estimation of the income effect due to being discharged 16 days was around 2,350,000 Won with a regression analysis model. However, this does not show the real benefits from an early discharge, but only the income increasing amount without considering prime medical cost at a general hospital. Therefore, we need further analysis on cost containments and benefits incending turn over rates and medical prime costs. From these research findings, the following suggestions have been drawn, we need to develop strategies on a rehabilitation delivery system focused on consumers for the 21st century. Varions intermediate facilities and home health care should be developed in the community as a substitute for shortening the length of stay in hospitals. In home health care cases, patients who want rehabilitation services as a substitute for hospitalization in cooperation with private health insurance companies might be available immediately.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.1-22
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• 2009

본 연구는 고등학교 남녀 학생들의 체중 군에 따른 체형 인식, 체중조절 태도와 자아 존중감을 조사하고 이들의 상관관계를 비교할 목적으로 1학년 학생 777명을 대상으로 2007년 8월 20일에서 2007년 9월 10일까지 조사를 실시하였다. 설문지로 조사 된 모든 자료는 SPSS 12.0 프로그램을 이용하여 통계 분석하였다. 주요 연구 결과를 요약하면, 여학생은 남학생에 비해 체중조절에 관심이 많아-특히 비만군- 고등학교 시절에 주로 체중을 줄이기 위해 체중조절을 하며 자신의 체중을 더 바르게 인식하고 있었다. 또 영양지식이 많고 주로 음식물 섭취를 줄이는 방법으로 자신감 향상을 위해 체중조절을 하였다. 정상체중군 다음으로 여학생 비만군의 자아 존중감이 높았던 결과에 대해서는 보다 다양한 연구가 필요한 것으로 판단된다. 남학생은 주로 운동을 통하여 체중조절을 하며 여학생보다 체중조절 결과에 더 만족하고 자아 존중감도 높았다. 체형에 대한 기준 형성에 남학생은 친구, 여학생은 TV의 영향을 가장 많이 받았다. 남학생은 BMI가 낮고 현재체중과 이상체중의 차가 적을수록, 체중조절 결과에 대한 만족도가 클수록, 신체활동을 선호하며 20분 이상 지속적인 신체활동을 많이 할수록 자아 존중감이 높고 여학생은 BMI가 낮고 체중조절 결과에 대해 만족할수록, 식습관과 영양지식이 좋고 많을수록 자아 존중감이 높았다. 체중군 별로는 남학생의 경우 저체중군은 신체활동을 좋아하거나 20분 이상 지속적인 신체활동이 많을수록, 정상체중군 과체중군은 체중조절 결과에 대해 만족 할수록, 비만군은 식습관이 좋을수록 자아 존중감이 높았다. 여학생의 경우 정상체중군은 체중조절 결과에 대해 만족하고 식습관과 영양지식이 좋고 높을수록, 과체중군은 신체활동을 좋아할수록, 비만군은 체중조절에 대한 관심이 많을수록 자아 존중감이 높았다. 특히 여학생 비만군에 있어 체중조절에 대한 관심이 많으면 자아 존중감이 높은 것으로 높은 상관관계를 보였다.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.429-436
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• 2012

본 연구는 학교구강보건실을 운영하고 있는 초등학교 학생들의 치아우식증경험 및 비만도를 파악하고 이에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 조사하기 위하여 2011년 7월1일 부터 7월 30일까지 경산시 소재 1개 초등학교 4, 5, 6학년들을 대상으로 구조화된 폐쇄형 설문지를 자기기입식 설문조사를 시행한 후 응답이 불충분한 5부를 제외한 최종 235부와 구강검사결과 치아우식경험 유무에 대한 자료를 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 연령이 증가할수록 치아우식경험도는 낮았다. 2. 어머니의 직업유무, 교육정도, 주관적 경제수준과 치아우식증 경험 및 비만도는 서로 연관성이 없었다. 3. 간식섭취량, 식습관 및 생활습관은 치아우식경험도와 상관성이 없었고, 비만체중(21.5%)이 정상체중(9.4%)보다 주간운동횟수에서 0번이 높게 나타났다. 4. 지난 1년간 치과방문 경험이 있는 학생이 치아우식 비경험이 높았으며(OR=0.498), 치아우식증경험 유무와 비만도는 서로 연관성이 없었다. 이상의 결과를 미루어 볼 때 사회인구학적 편차와 상관없이 가정에서 이루어 지지 못하는 학생들의 구강 및 건강관리가 학교보건 측면에서 어느 정도 관리가 되어지고 있음을 알 수 있었고, 치아우식경험도와 비만도의 연관성이 없음을 알았다. 추후 점차적으로 학교구강보건실 운영을 확대하여 체계적인 구강관리 및 건강관리가 국가 정책적으로 시행되어야 할 것으로 생각된다.