• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.40 no.9
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• pp.207-221
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of perceived gain in caregiving on the positive aspects of psychological well-being. The data were gathered from 262 informal caregivers who provided care for relatives or friends in need due to illness or disability. The main results were as follows: First, overall level of perceived gain in caregiving was above the median level. Second, higher gains were perceived by the caregivers who were more educated and who had more remote relationships with care recipients. Third, perceived gain was a significant variable influencing caregiver' psychological well-being. In addition, when the perceived gain variable was added to the regression model, no socio-demographic characteristics of the caregiver and the caregiving context were found to be related to psychological well-being. Theoretical and practical implications of these results were discussed.

• Journal of Korean Academic Society of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.115-121
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the needs of family caregivers of home care patients. Methods: A total of 40 caregivers had been selected from a hospital-based home care agency in Gyunggi province. The instrument developed by Hileman, Lackey, & Hassanein(1992) was modified to 55 items and used in this study. The instrument consists of 6 categories: informational, household, patient care, personal, spiritual, and psychological needs. Out of 29 analysed with descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U test, and Spearman correlation test using SPSS 14.0. Results: Most caregivers were females, with a mean age of $60.0{\pm}15.5$, 32.1% were spouses, and 92.9% were living with patients. Patient's activities of daily living score was very low, and 44% of patients had cerebrovascular disease. Caregiver's needs were moderate, and the greatest being personal need. There was a significant difference between caregiver's monthly income and needs. Conclusion: Home care nurses need to teach and support family caregivers with specific programs and services to meet the identified and unmet needs of caregivers of home care patients. In-home respite and institutional respite are recommended for family caregivers taking care of patients with chronic disease.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.123-136
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• 2004

The purposes of this study were to investigate the qualities of infant day-care centers and the caregivers' interactions with infants. Forty-six day-care centers from Seoul, Daejeon, and Daegu were enrolled in this study. Two kinds of methods were used for data collection; one was the Assessment Scale for Infant/Toddler Care Center developed by Choi and the other was the Qualitative Rating Scale for Caregiver used in the NICHD Early Child Care Project. Frequency, percentile, Crollbach's, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation were calculated for data analysis. Qualities on 5 factors of infant day-care centers were ranged from 3.44∼4.35, the highest with health managing and the lowest with support system in the Likert 5-point scales. Sensitivity, developmental stimulation and positive regard to child, which are the caregiver's positive interactions with infants were rated minimally or usually characteristic. In addition, intrusiveness, detachment, negative regard to child and flatness, which are negative interactions with infants were rated never or minimally characteristic. Finally, some suggestions for good quality and facilitation of infant care were made.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.58-67
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• 2004

Behavioral symptoms are frequent and problematic components of dementia. The aim of this study was to detect behavioral problem of the 25 item of dementia problem behaviour(DPB)assesment scale for demented older adults. Seventy-three patients with dementia staying in the day care center, group home, dementia hospital, nursing home were recruited data on problematic behavior obtained through interviews with their caregiver during 2 months from March to May 2004. Results shows that problematic behaviors common occurring in 95% of subjects. The most frequently exhibited problematic behaviors were repetitive movement(1.05), repetitive questions(1.03), restlessness(1.0). indifference(0.97). shouting/screaming(0.92). Problematic Behaviors of the demented older adults were closely associated to the distress for caregiver. Most distressful ones for caregivers were repetitive questions(1.46), repetitive movement(1.42), shouting/screaming (1.42), indifference(1.41). restlessness(1.41). Problematic Behaviors of the demented older adults were divided into six subdivisions, among those restless behavior was positively correlated with aggressive behavior, nervous symptom and psychotic symptom. and then nervous symptom was interrelated to psychotic symptom(P<0.01). This study has limitation that field study data were derived from various primary caregivers.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.71-85
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• 2007

This study investigates differences by type of caregiving using data on three groups of caregivers, 177 from home stay situations, 189 from day care centers, and 138 from nursing homes. First, the result shows that characteristics of both caregivers and elders differ by type of caregiving. Second, caregivers in the home stay situation have the highest caregiving burden of the three groups. Third, from examination of the related variables, the caregiving burden of home stay caregivers is affected by family income, caregivers' health, type of job, and whether or not the elder has symptoms of dementia. Also, the study reveals that emotional services for elders reduce the aggravation of family relations and economic burden, but that instrumental services highly increase economic burden. It reveals that caregivers of elders in day care centers, especially those who are in bad health, are more likely to experience feelings of constriction, aggravation of family relations and economic burden. On the other hand, caregivers who receive more emotional services have better experiences in family relations, including relations with the elder. In case of the elders of nursing homes, if the main caregiver is a daughter-in-law, aggravation of family relations is higher than if the main caregiver is a spouse. Finally, the caregiver's burden is affected by their own health and income, and by whether the elder has symptoms of dementia or stroke.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Child Welfare
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• no.53
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• pp.51-76
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between children's attachment to their biological parents and their self-esteem of children in out-of-home care. The mediating effects of a caregiver and peer attachment in this relationship were also examined. This study used the first year data from the Korea Panel Data of Children in Out-of-Home Placement. The sample consisted of 426 children in the fifth and sixth grades. Structural Equation Modeling revealed that children's attachment to their biological parents had no direct effects on self-esteem. Moreover, the relationship between children's attachment to biological parents and self-esteem was fully mediated by both caregiver attachment and peer attachment. Based on these findings, further suggestions are provided to increase self-esteem of children in out-of-home care by having regular visits of biological parents and thus improving parent, caregiver, and peer attachments.

• Proceedings of KHEA Conference
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• 1997.07a
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• pp.131-131
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• 1997

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.459-469
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine different patterns of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) and caregiver burden according to dementia type. Data were collected from June 2014 to December 2014 from five nursing homes. In all, 214 patients [131 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 83 patients with Vascular dementia (VD)] were included in the study. BPSD and caregiver burden data were examined using NPI-NH (Neuropsychiatric Inventory Nursing Home Version). According to the results, both the AD and VD group showed the highest frequency in apathy/indifference and the frequency of anxiety, elation/euphoria, and irritability/lability was significantly higher in the AD group than in the VD group. The difference in total BPSD composite scores between the AD and VD groups was not significant but agitation/aggression was significantly higher in the AD group than in the VD group. The mean score for caregiver burden was significantly higher in the AD group than in the VD group, particularly in agitation/aggression. In conclusion, BPSD differed according to dementia type, and nurses should provide specific interventions to control BPSD; a program to reduce caregiver burden according to dementia type is also needed.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.595-605
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to describe the perceived burden of the stroke patient's caregiver and related factors to analyze relationships between perceived burden and social supports. A convenient sample of 225 caregivers who take care for a stroke patient at home participated in this study. Caregiver's perceived burden was measured by the objective and subjective burden scale developed by Montgomery (1985). Related factors of burden were studied in terms of the patient's instrumental activties of daily living, cognitive function, caregiver's demographic variables and caregiver's illness intrusiveness. The results were as follows: (1) The mean of objective burden score was 4.5, and subjective burden score was 3.1. These scores show that caregivers perceive moderate level of burden. (2) Caregivers' objective burden was significantly related to caregivers's illness intrusiveness (r=.62), patient's IADL (r=-.33), and patient's cognitive function (r=-.15). The subjective burden was related to the caregiver's illness intrusiveness (r=.29), the patient's IADL (r=.24), and the caregiver's age(r=.23). (3) The percentage of stroke caregivers who perceived physical support was 49.1%. The percentage of those who perceived emotional support was 61.0%, and those who perceived financial support totaled 37.6%. (4) Caregivers who received any type of social supports perceived lower subjective burden, and caregivers who received physical or psychological support perceived lower objective burden. These results emphasized the necessity of a rehabilitation programs for stroke patients and support program for family caregivers.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.1-15
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• 2016

This is a descriptive study that introduces programs that support family caregivers looking after the elderly, by focusing on the case of Georgia, in the United States. The U.S. is one of the few countries that support family caregivers by law. In this study, we focus on the evidence-based interventions implemented through the Alzheimer's Disease Supportive Services Program (ADSSP), a federal policy that complements the National Family Caregiver Support Program (NFCSP). Our findings show that one-on-one evidence-based programs (EBPs) for family caregivers are both economical and effective in assisting caregivers. In our discussion, we highlight how the implementation of the latest EBPs can build an infrastructure to support family caregivers. ADSSP funding is useful as it constructs a caregiver support through the implementation of programs in the local community. The result is the creation of a well-coordinated division of labor among government agencies, academia and NGOs, which produces a synergetic effect in funding, research and development, translation and implementation of programs, and staff training. We conclude that the implementation of EBPs funded by the government is a useful reference for Korea and other rapidly aging countries, if we are to create an infrastructure for caregiver support, which can effectively prevent a crisis in caregiving.