• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.24
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• pp.15-28
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• 1995

This thesis focuses on the study of costume and ornaments of Shilla which had been severely affected by Uighur, and those of Uighur in Uighur self-governing district located in Shin Kang. East Turkestan, in Centrals Asia. This study aims to identifty the way of intergration of Uighur's costume and ornaments into Shilla, and orgins of Shill's costume and ornaments which had amix of internationl elelemnts thoursh cross exchanges, by comparing the differences between the two, and at the same time to clarify the pedigree of Korean costume and ornaments which are said to be udner a severe Chinese influence, by highlingting its uniqueness and originality . The result of the study demonstrates and originality of SHilla by melting foreign cultures into its own style in the process of accepting them. This means that the Shilla has recreated them in t도 form of simplification, and added naturalistic abstratness which is an element of Norther culture. The costume and ornaments are divided into coronets men's costuem, women's costume, and accessories 1. Coroncts A horse-riding man, and the costume type of 유고제 착유지체형 tell the Northern culture's influence on 백화수피기마인물채화담립 and patterns of a lotus flowr and arabesque show the 백화수피기마인물채색답립 has an influence of Buddhism with cluture of bordering countries of Western China , The origin of 뱍회수피제안형건(원정형, 방정형) lies in Northern cultures which can be found in ancient tombs of the Huns in noin-Ila , and stone caves of Jizil in Kochang. The wall paintings in Alexandropol, Murutuk and 돈황 No. 409 cave show that 초화형입식계금관 is under the influence of Northern culture, and Bezerkrick No, 25 cave and 회 번 in Kocho also show 수목녹각형입식관 is under the influence of Northern culture, with its origin in Novecherkaask. In this regard, the transformed coroncts of Shilla has shows a blended culture of Shilla with Nothern, Chinese, and Western cultures. 2. Men's Costume 반령포 derives from cultures of bordering countries of Western China centering around Uighur and Turkey. 연주문 in Uighur prince's costume and in Uighur paintings of Central Asia were reflected into the arts of Shilla in a direct way, and the motive of Uighur was deviatelly expressed at Shilla's arts in the form of simplicity , and naturalistic abstract paintings as in shown at 입수쌍조문 in tiles and brick. Along with this , 고착지체형 costume originates from Eurasia's Northern horseriding costumes as was shown in a golden man in B.C.4-5C which is now possessed by Kazakstan Republic Academy Archelogy Center Museum, and a golden figure from Skitai ancient caves, an the origin is carried away into wall paintings of Kizil No.14. cave in 8c and Astana's early period ancient tomb. No.6. 3. Women's Costume The hair styles of Shilla people are either 변발 or up -style with a lot of hair around it whose origin can be seen in Astana No.216 and No.187 caves of Kochang and Uighur's wall paintings of royal princess's hair style. Astana's middle period No. 206 and No.230 tombs reveal the its origin of 고착장군 while Astana early period No. 6 tomb shows that of 광유풍만형. 4. Accessories The earrings with small golden beads is seen at earring of figure holding a sword in wall painting of figure holding a sword in wall painting of Kizil in about 5 C. and those of a offering people in Sorchuk wall paintings. The earrings with small golden beads originates from a golden pendant of Shivargan, Afganistan, and golden pendants and other golden and metal accessories from Chrioba ancient tombs in Skiti Critia peninsula. Shilla's costume derives from the costume style of horse-ridding man, which proves the fact that Shilla people are horse-ridding peoplewith excellent horse-ridding techniques, and traditions. The people of Shilla are from horse-ridding people of local mounted momads in Northern part of Siberia steppe and this origin of Northern culture had been carried into Uighur in East Turkestan. At the same time , Shilla has a wealth and power since it was rich in gold and iron , thus producing lots of materials made of them. The results of this study emphasizes Shilla's identity and self-control by creating an independent an innovative heterogeneous culture since Shill's active exchanges with East Asia allowed it to accept the most civilized Uighur culture in East Turkestan among Altai languate which had frequent cross contacts with India and Europe.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.97-110
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• 1970

This survey was conducted to evaluate not only the present status of health center directors-their personal histories, their will to private practice in the future, their responses to governmental policies, -but also the distribution of doctorless myons, budget and subsidy, and director's opinions to the enhancement of health center activities. This survey questioned 116 health center directors and 16 health personnel from August to October of 1970 and obtained the following results; 1) The average ages of directors of kun, city, and total health centers were $43.2{\pm}7.8,\;42.1{\pm}7.7,\;and\;42.9{\pm}10.3$ respectively. 2) The average family sizes of directors of kun, city, and total health centers were $5.6{\pm}2.7,\;5.6{\pm}2.1,\;and\;5.6{\pm}2.6$ respectively. 3) Directors holding M. D. degrees were 79.3%, those holding qualified M. D. degrees ('approved director') were 20.7%. 4) M. P. H., M. S., and Ph. D. holders were 6.0%, 6.1%, and 4.3% respectively. 5) The average duration of present directorship in kun and city were 30.2 months and 20.4 months respectively. 6) The majority of directors had been employed in related fields before assuming current position : directorship at other health center 26.7%, army 22.4%, health subcenter 21.6%, private practice 19.0%. 7) Average length of directorship is 41.8 months. Average length of public health career, including health subcenter and present position, is 56.5 months. 8) Both rural and urban experience in health centers for regular directors is 16.3% and for approved directors, 12,5%. A total of 15.5% of all survey directors had experience in both rural and urban health center. 9) A total of 70.7% of health center directorships were staffed by local doctors. 10) Nearly 40% wanted to quit the directorships within 3 years and 60.3% had already experienced private practice. 11) Of the regular directors 17.4% felt strongly about devoting their lives to public health fields, but only 4.1% of the approved approved directors felt so. 12) There wire 432 doctorless myons among 996 respondent myons and 4.5 doctorless myons per kun. 13) The percentage of doctorless myon by Province are as follows, Cholla buk-do 57.2%, Cholla nam-de 55.0%, Kyungsang nam-do 52.0%, Kyungsang buk-do 49.7%, Chungchong but-do 42.4%, Kyonggi-do 32.9%. Cheju-do 30.8%, Kangwon-do 25.8%. 14) Two thirds of health critters have experienced the abscence of the director for a certain period since 1966 and the average span of the abscence was 18.2 months. 15) The percentage of doctorless myons increased proportionally with the span of the director's abscence. 16) The average budgets of health centers, kun, city and ku, were $W15.03\;million{\pm}W4.5\;million,\;W22.03\;million{\pm}W17.80\;million,\;W13.10\;million{\pm}W7.9\;million$ respectively. 17) Chunju city had the highest health budget per capita(W344) while Pusan Seo ku had the lowest(W19). 18) Director's medical subsidies are W30,000-50,000 in kun, and roughly W20,000 in city. 19) The older of priority in health center activities is T.B. control(31.1%), Family Planning and M. C. H.(28.0%), prevention of acute communicable disease and endemic disease (18.2%) and clinical care of patients(14.3%). 20) Nearly 32% opposed in principle the governmental policy of prohibiting medical doctors from going abroad. 21) Suggestions for immediate enhancing the position of director of health centers and subcenters: (1) Raise the base subsidy (48.2%), (2) Provide more opportunities for promotion (20.7%), (3) Exemption from army services(12.1%), (4) Full scholarship to medical students for this purpose only (7.8%). 22) A newly established medical school was opposed by 56.9% of the directors, however 33.6% of them approved. 23) Pertaining to the division of labor in Medicine and Pharmacy, the largest portion (31.9%) urged the immediate partial division of antibiotics and some addictive drugs to be given only by prescription. 24) More than half wanted a W70,000 level for the director's medical subsidies, white 36.2% stated W50,000. 25) Urgently needed skills in the kun are clinical pathologist (38.6%) and doctor (health center director) (25.5%); while in the city nurse (37.1%), doctors(clinical)(31.4%) and health educators(14.4%) are needed. 26) Essential treatment for the better health center administration; raising the base subsidy (22.7%), obtaining the power of personal management (19.3%) and the establishment of a Board of Health (14.3%). etc.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.3293-3301
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• 1974

An experimental work was conducted by using a laboratory-made model dryer to investigate the effect of the rate of natural forced-air on the drying rate of rough rice which was deposited in the deep-bed. The dryer consisted of 8 cylinderical containers with grain holding screen at their bottoms, each of which having 30cm in diameter and 15cm in height. The containers were sacked vertically with keeping them air-tight by using paper tape during dryer operation. Two separate layers of containers were operated in the same time to have two replications. The moisture contents of grains within each bins after predetermined period of dryer operation were determined indirectly by measuring the weight of the individual containers. The air-rates were maintained at 6 levels, or 5, 8, 10, 15, 18 and 20 millimenters of static head of water. The roomair conditions during dryer operation were maintained in the range of 10-l5$^{\circ}C$ in temperature and 40-60% in relative humidity. The results of the study are summarized as follows: 1. Drying characteristics of the grains in the bottom layers were approximately the same regardless of airdelivery rates, giving the average drying rate as about 0.35 percent per hour after 40-hour drying period, during which moisture content (w. b.) reduced from 24 percent to about 10 percent. 2. After about 40-hour drying period, the mean drying rates increased from 0.163 percent per hour to 0.263 percent per hour as air-flow rates increased from 5mm to 87.16mm of static head of water. In the same time, the moisture differences of grains between lower and upper layers varied from 12.7 percent at the air rate of 5mm of water head to 7.5 percent at the air-flow rate of 20mn of water head. Thus, the greater the air-flow rate was, the more overall improvement in drying performance was. Additionally, from the result of ineffectiveness of drying grain positioned at 70cm depth or above by the air rate of 5mm of static head of water it may be suggested in practical application that the height of grain deposit would be maintained adequately within the limits of air-rates that may be actually delivered. 3. Drying after layer-turning operation was continued for about 30 hours to test the effectiveness of reducing moisture differences in the thick layers. As a result of this layer-turning operation, moisture distribution through layers approached to narrow ranges, giving the moisture range as about 7 percent at air-flow rate of 5mm head of water, about 3 percent at 10mm head about 2 percent at 15mm head, and less than 1 percent at 20mm head. In addition, from the desirable results that drying rate was rapid in the lower layers and dully in the upper layers, layer-turning operation may be very effective in natural air drying with deep-layer grain deposit, especially when the forced air was kept in low rate. 4. Even though the high rate of air delivery is very desirable for deep-layer natural-air drying of rough rice, it can be happened that the required air delivery rate could not be attained because of limitation of power source available on farms. To give a guide line for the practical application, the power required to perform the drying with the specified air rate was analyzed for different sizes of drying bin and is given in Table (5). If a farmer selects a motor of which size is 1 or {{{{1 { 1} over {2 } }}}} H.P. and air-delivery rate which ranges from 8~10mm of head, the diameter of grain bin may be suggested to choose about 2.4m, also power tiller or other moderate size of prime motor may be recommended when the diameter of grain bin is about 5.0m or more for about 120cm grain deposit.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.81-119
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• 2022

Medical device market is strongly related with health care market. Public regulation in medical device market tends to be more lenient than health care market. In this market, competition law, administrative law and intellectual property law are intertwined, and thereby a variety of legal issues could be developed. Recently, dominant undertaking's abuse case was dealt with KFTC(Korea Fair Trade Commission) and Seoul High Court. The issues were whether dominant undertaking discriminated trading partners and this discrimination was anticompetitive. In this case, Seoul High Court revoked the KFTC's decision, holding that the undertaking did not harm competition, though it has dominant power in the relevant medical device market. This decision would be a meaningful precedent, not only that there have been small numbers of dominance abuse cases in Korea, but also that this case happened in medical device market. This case dealt with various issues like market definition, market power, alleged abuse and its anticompetitive effect. The court held that medical device markets are distinguished from medical device repairing market. However, the court did not clarify that medical device repairing market is a single branded market only for repairing the plaintiff's medical devices. Second, plaintiff's dominance is based on the lock-in effect, which means that hospitals could not switch devices like CT or MRI from plaintiff to other competitors. This could be supplemented from the fact that medical devices are expensive and the using period are significantly long. However market definition based on single branded market theory could be applied in rare and exceptional cases. Therefore the general application of single branded market theory might result in overestimate of market power. This type of abuse pattern requires improper condition contrary to resonable trade practice. KFTC asserted free charge for plaintiff's copy right. However, it is not clear whether the cases for free charge are general or not. Even if so, the intention and motive of providers for free charge should be proved. The main issue of anticompetitive effect was whether plaintiff raised rival's cost. Competitor's cost was increased due to plaintiff's copy right and its license fee. However the charge for license could be within the scope of fair and legal exercise of copy right. If competitors are excluded due to legal exercise of copy right or efficiency, the exclusionary abuse could not be proved.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.61 no.3
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• pp.205-228
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• 2009

The incestuous assault tends to remain a family secret and not easily be disclosed. Mothers of the victims are usually regarded as the responsible person holding the key to decide whether it should be disclosed or not. Sometimes, therefore, they are blamed with the charge of connivance. The purpose of this study was to explore the essence of mothers' experience of disclosing and to understand the subjective meaning given to this experience. Seven mothers of the female victims of incestuous assault were recruited and interviewed. The collected data was analyzed by hermeneutic phenomenological method. The essential theme of the mothers' disclosing experiences could be summarized as "overcoming pain by going through pain". This major theme contained three sub-themes: "wanting to vent the deepest tormenting pain", "getting hurt again by disregard and indifference from others", "attempting to tear open the festering wound and to feel recovered". Mothers experienced the disclosing process as revisiting the hidden wound to find the meaning of the incident and to cultivate the necessary skill and power to overcome the pain. Especially, mother's disclosing process was characterized by constant restructuring of past trauma through mother's will and knowledge, acknowledging the unmodifiable past, interpreting other people's responses, and, finally, constantly interacting with sociocultural context. The study result stressed the importance of considering the whole array of difficulties and meanings experienced by mothers in the disclosing process. Social work services should provide more professional and sensitive care when mothers try to disclose the dark secret of incestuous assault.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.5-24
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• 1996

The Delivery Process can be viewed as one of the developmental crisis that forces the majority of women. During the labor and delivery process the women may face a variety of problems and pain with all its subjectivity. This developmental crisis may lead a pregnant women to have a negative experience in delivery. For nurses, to help to pregnant women check with the crisis and perceived support and to positive experience. This study intended to analyze the pregnant women's delivery experience according to supporter during labor. The subjects for this study were 45 pregnant women who had normal delivery without complications, within 37 to 42 weeks of pregnancy. Data Collection was done from April 24th to May 20th 1995 by two instruments, a support measurement scale and a delivery experience measurement scale which were consisted it 18-items scale developed by researcher. The data was analyzed by SPPS program using descriptive statistic Kruskal-Wallis one way analysis and Spearman Correlation Coefficient. The result of this study are as follows. 1. Support distribution by support contents is shown is order of holding the hands (97.8%), help to urination(86.7%), bed arrangement(57.8%), massaging the arms and legs(55.6%), changes in posture(44.4%), teaching how to produce power(44.4%), while emotional support is disclosed in order of sympathy(97.8%), encouragement(82.2%), hearing the needs(60.0%), However, information support was as low as less than 33.3%. 2. The extent of delivery experience a Pregnant woman perceives is revealed in order of a sense of comfortableness(44%), satisfaction(43.2%), reduction of fear(43.2%), familiarity (42.8%), self-confidence (42.5%), decrease of laborpain(39.9%). 3. The extent of delivery support a pregnant woman perceives reveals that physical support($x^2$=22.4452, P=.000) and information support($x^2$=7.5187, P=.0233) Show a significant difference among the mothers group, the mothers-in-law group, the husbands group, but to significant difference was found in emotional support among them. 4. The extent of delivery experience a pregnant woman perceives represents a significant difference in order of the mothers group, the mothers in-law group, and the husbands group($x^2$=13.4255, P=.0012). 5. A positive correlation was manifested between the extent of support and delivery experience a pregnant woman perceives(r=.8643, P=.000). This information can be utilized as data to further the understanding delivery experience according to supporter. In Consequence, it is recommended that the range of family support limited to husband should be expended including mother and mother-in-law.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.42
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• pp.315-335
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• 2016

Culture is being created and consumed as several form by human development. Populace is forming through movement of mass of people to specific place which influenced by urbanization and industrialization. Since cultural products are created on base of economic principles cultural content makers are make culture products after lot of study and analyze. In early days popular culture was accepted only by the meaning of the text which has settled already via country or company which was holding the capital. But today we can apply culture products freely by the power of public opinion and media art's growth. Especially fandom is giving the opportunity to consume the image of cultural products actively and offering the good influence to make it by several ways of activities to the culture producers. In this study, consumption as a cultural group formed by the fandom in public will be transformed into participatory groups by the influence of cultural activities with fan art reproduction. These changes in the consumption of culture products will make it in positive way. Thereby culture creator who thinks fandom as a group of culture capital maker only use it now for the indicator for predicting success of culture products. Will find out in this study how culture consumption is accomplishing by fan fiction and fan illustration in the fandom culture and how reproduced fan art is affects to culture creators.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2014

According to recent trends in technological advances and globalization, medical device industry may improve the constitution to meet worldwide medical equipment management system. Also it is holding a strand of mitigation to reach the level of international regulation. In addition, recent legislation tends are to stay limited ranges of industry regulations at least and take as open attitude for integration of new technologies combined medical devices. A greater environmental risk is not likely to work in medical technology, Combinded medical device is used as close to zero risk in most of the human body, which is classified as Class 1. Even medical device such as little or no risk in handling, it is possible to minimize the unnecessary administrative power and a waste of time to occur. For the medical device may be improving people's choices and access, medical equipment operator is expanding to include dealers, because this will be exalted to particular area of the business of the company. In this paper, we investigate the legal prerequisites for the establishment of a medical device. And propose improved regulations in topics in order to facilitate the repair and distribution markets for fair trade.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.12-18
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• 2013

Existing wood decks brings out negligent accident because fastener can be pulled-out by cyclic load of pedestrians. When deck and joist are connected, it also causes the problems, which are cracking of wood decks and rapid decay by material of fastener. In this study, strength property of deck unit using reinforced plastic connector made by domestic A company was evaluated. Southern yellow pine (Pinus palustris Miller) were used for deck material. Bending strength of deck units were implemented for fastener type and joist spacing (400, 600 mm). In the result, carbon steel screw into reinforced plastic connector was the best in average bending strength(Joist spacing : 400, 600 mm). In the result of bending strength for joist-width (40, 50, 70, 80 mm), the average maximum bending strength was measured when the joist spacing was 40 mm.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.777-784
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• 2015

This study verified the correlations between vegetation factors, such as the number of individual species and species diversity, and soil factors in Chamaecyparis obtusa (CO) stands in Jeollanam-do. Also, the site environmental factors that affect the annual growth of CO ring width were analyzed. Positive correlations were found between the species diversity index and Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC), available phosphate, and exchangeable $K^+$ (P<0.01). In addition, strong positive correlations were also found between the number of species that appeared in the study site and CEC, available phosphorus, exchangeable $K^+$ and exchangeable $Mg^{2+}$ (P<0.01). Tree ring growth showed strong correlations with the nutrient holding capacity and fertility of soil, including available phosphate, exchangeable $K^+$, CEC, and electrical conductivity (P<0.01). The explanatory variables of tree ring growth in CO were composed of exchangeable $K^+$, organic matter content, and soil pH. The regression model had a high level of explanatory power, 74.4%. In this model, the annual growth of CO ring width increased when exchangeable $K^+$ and organic matter content were higher but decreased when soil pH was lower. According to the analysis, it is found that the annual growth of CO ring width was significantly affected by soil fertility, including available phosphate, exchangeable $K^+$, CEC, and electrical conductivity. In addition, the soil fertility of CO stands seems to be significantly affected by the supply of fallen leaves from the understory vegetation of CO.