• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.215-224
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• 2022

본 연구는 외식기업을 대상으로 원가의 비대칭적 행태를 검증하고 최근 경기 침체 현상과 관련된 코로나 19 팬데믹 현상과 유동성에 영향을 미치는 영업순환주기가 원가의 행태에 영향을 미치는지 검증하고자 하였다. 2019년과 2020년 외식기업을 대상으로 분석을 실시하였으며 원가는 매출원가와 판매비와 관리비의 합으로 측정하였다. 분석 결과, 외식기업은 활동수준 감소에 따라 원가탄력적인 행태로 나타났다. 또한 코로나 이후 이전보다 원가의 하방탄력적인 행태는 강화되었으며 영업순환주기가 짧을수록 원가는 하방탄력적인 행태로 나타났다. 마지막으로 영업순환주기의 구성요소인 재고자산 보유기간과 매출채권 회수기간 모두 짧을수록 원가의 하방탄력적인 행태는 강화되었다. 이러한 결과는 외식기업을 대상으로 원가의 구조 및 그러한 구조에 팬데믹 현상과 영업순환주기가 영향을 미칠 수 있는 요인을 검증한 것에 의미가 있을 것으로 보인다. 코로나 19로 인하여 외식업체가 직면한 상황을 원가 측면에 접근하였으며 이러한 팬데믹 현상이 기업의 매출 감소에 원가절감으로 이어질 수 있다.

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국경영과학회/대한산업공학회 2003년도 춘계공동학술대회
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• pp.1-7
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• 2003

This paper considers an Integrated one-vendor multi-buyer production-inventory model where the vendor manufactures multiple products In lot at Her associated finite production rates In the model. It is allowed for earth product to be shipped In lot to the buyers before the whole product production is not completed yet. Each product lot is dispatched to the associated buyer In a number or shipments. The buyers consume their products at fixed rates. The objective is to the production and shipment schedules in the Integrated system. which minimizes the mean total annual cost per unit time. The mean total annual cost consists or production setup cost inventory holding cost and shipment cost. For the model, an Iterative optimal solution procedure with shipment consolidation policy incorporated is derived. It is then tested through numerical experiments to show how efficient and effective He shipment consolidation policy is.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.67-74
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• 1989

This paper considers single-product production and inventory management problem where cumulative demands up to each time period are mutually independent random variables(known) having continuous probability distributions and the associated cost-minimizing production schedule (when to produce and how much to produce) need be determined in rolling horizon environment. For the problem, both the production cost and the inventory holding and backlogging costs are included in the whole system cost. The probability distributions of these costs are expressed in terms of random demands, and utilized to exploit a solution procedure for a production schedule which minimizes the expected unit time system cost and also reduces the probability of rist that, for the first-period of each production cycle (rolling horizon), the cost of the "production" option will exceed that of the "non-production" one. Numerical examples are presented for the solution procedure illustration.cedure illustration.

• 경영과학
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.13-26
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• 2014

This paper considers an integrated one-vendor multi-buyer production-inventory model where the vendor manufactures multiple products in lot at their associated finite production rates. In the model, it is allowed for each product to be shipped in lot to the buyers even before the whole product production is not completed yet. Each product lot is dispatched to the associated buyer in a number of shipments. The buyers consume their products at fixed rates. The objective is to the production and shipment schedules in the integrated system, which minimizes the total cost per unit time. The total cost consists of production setup cost, inventory holding cost and shipment cost. For the model, an iterative optimal solution procedure with shipment consolidation policy incorporated. It is then tested through numerical experiments to show how efficient and effective the shipment consolidation policy is.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.121-127
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• 2007

CSP(Concurrent Spare Parts) is supplied with the procurement of new equipment or weapon system and is used to sustain the equipment without resupply during the initial coverage period. This study is concerned with a problem of determining the near optimal inventory level of the spare parts, especially Concurrent Spare Parts. For this, we utilize the mixed periodic and continuous review polices considering the CSP and (r,Q) Policies concurrently in a two-echelon distribution system. We propose the mathematical model to minimize the total cost which is composed with ordering cost, purchasing cost, holding cost, and stickout cost. If the mixed policy is compared to other policies(CSP, (r,Q)), the proposed methodology performs well and is best policy in the equipment maintenance expenses.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.555-570
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• 1995

We consider a preventive replacement policy for a cold-standby system with N components, in which only one component is in operation at a time. If the component in operation fails, a standby component is immediately switched into operation. If all components fail, the system fails. The system is inspected at random poins in time to determine whether it is to be replaced or not. If the number of failed components at the time of inspection exceeds a threshold value r, the system is replaced. Otherwise the decision is put off until the next inspection point arrives. Under the cost structure which includes a replacement cost, a system down-time cost and a holding cost of the components, we develop an efficient procedure to find the optimal control values N and r, which minimize the expected cost per unit time.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제42권7호
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• pp.73-88
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to understand how consumers perceive the costs of couponing by coupon types and to suggest ways in which coupons should be developed to contribute to consumers' welfare. Costs/benefits of coupons as the most close antecedent variable included the following 8 constructs: searching costs, clipping costs, storing costs, extra expenses, substitution costs, pressure of holding, uncomfortable feelings, and regrets. Since it was hypothesized that the cost of couponing differs by coupon type, four coupon-types were examined: homepage coupon, E-mail coupon, DM coupon, and newspaper/magazine coupon. Data for this research were collected through 732 responses to a self-administered survey of consumers who had used all four types of coupons requesting participation from members of Internet survey firm. The conclusions of this research can be summarized as follows: (1) Women preferred off-line coupons but men preferred on-line coupons. In addition, consumers in Seoul were more familiar and satisfied with on-line coupons than consumers in other regions. (2) Among constructs of costs, consumers perceived regrets, pressure of holding, and substitution costs highly. Differently from previous studies, consumers perceived searching costs and clipping costs to be less important than other costs. (3) Storing costs, pressure of holding, and uncomfortable feelings were higher in off-line coupons, whereas clipping costs, extra expenses, and substitution costs were higher in on-line coupons. (4) In general, most constructs of costs in using homepage and newspaper/magazine coupons were higher than those of E-mail and DM coupons. (5) Cost perception was negatively related to coupon satisfaction at coupon, except newspaper/magazine coupon which was the least satisfactory coupon, regardless of costs (6) Consumers were more satisfied with direct-distribution coupons such as E-mail and DM coupons than public-distribution coupons such as homepage and newspaper/magazine coupons.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.49-55
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• 2020

Recently, when a new component of construction equipment is designed, a stamping process capable of producing parts having high appearance quality and precision has been gaining attention. However, in general, as it is developed based on existing parts made by welding metal sheets and tubes, frequent to die modification occurs, which increases the time and cost of developing new parts. Thus, it is necessary to reduce the cost by shortening the die development period. In this study, a stamping process was designed for the urea tank cover, which is a part for excavators, to reduce the die development period through sheet metal forming analysis. The stamping process was designed by determining the blank holding force after selecting the initial blank shape and size. The round value at the corner was modified such that formability is ensured. After selecting process parameters, the thickness reduction rate and spring-back effect were reviewed.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.86-97
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• 2024

Alkaline- or salt-assisted extractions have been widely used to extract edible insect proteins, however, there is a need for extraction techniques that balance cost-efficient production as well as preserving the protein properties. Mealworm proteins (Tenebrio molitor larvae) were extracted using three different extraction methods-alkali (AMP), salt (SMP), and water (WMP)-and then physicochemical and techno-functional properties were examined. AMP had high yield, protein, and amino acid contents, whereas WMP had high moisture, ash, and fat contents. SDS-PAGE showed a wide range of molecular weights in WMP whereas mostly low molecular weights were observed in AMP and SMP. AMP had poor protein solubilities compared to SMP and WMP across all pHs. AMP had enhanced water-holding capacity and emulsion stability, whereas WMP had improved oil-holding capacity and foaming properties. WMP formed a gel with and without the transglutaminase. The physicochemical and techno-functional properties demonstrated that water-soluble mealworm protein was superior to alkali-and salt-soluble mealworm proteins. Considering the cost efficiency and minimal impact on the environment as well, a cold press juicer could be utilized for mass production of mealworm protein compared to the conventional methods of protein extraction using alkali and salt.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.157-165
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• 1998

This paper considers the single-product production and transportation problem with discrete time, dynamic demand and finite time horizon, an extension of classical dynamic lot-sizing model. In the model, multiple freight container types are allowed as the transportation mode and each order (product) placed in a period is shipped immediately by containers in the period. Moreover, each container has type-dependent carrying capacity restriction and at most one container type is allowed in each shipping period. The unit freight cost for each container type depends on the size of its carrying capacity. The total freight cost is proportional to the number of each container type employed. Such a freight cost is considered as another set-up cost. Also, it is assumed in the model that production and inventory cost functions are dynamically concave and backlogging is not allowed. The objective of this study is to determine the optimal production policy and the optimal transportation policy simultaneously that minimizes the total system cost (including production cost, inventory holding cost, and freight cost) to satisfy dynamic demands over a finite time horizon. In the analysis, the optimal solution properties are characterized, based on which a dynamic programming algorithm is derived. The solution algorithm is then illustrated with a numerical example.