• Title/Summary/Keyword: Holding Company

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The Efficiency Analysis of CRM System in the Hotel Industry Using DEA (DEA를 이용한 호텔 관광 서비스 업계의 CRM 도입 효율성 분석)

  • Kim, Tai-Young;Seol, Kyung-Jin;Kwak, Young-Dai
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.91-110
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    • 2011
  • This paper analyzes the cases where the hotels have increased their services and enhanced their work process through IT solutions to cope with computerization globalization. Also the cases have been studies where national hotels use the CRM solution internally to respond effectively to customers requests, increase customer analysis, and build marketing strategies. In particular, this study discusses the introduction of the CRM solutions and CRM sales business and marketing services using a process for utilizing the presumed, CRM by introducing effective DEA(Data Envelopment Analysis). First, the comparison has done regarding the relative efficiency of L Company with the CCR model, then compared L Company's restaurants and facilities' effectiveness through BCC model. L Company reached a conclusion that it is important to precisely create and manage sales data which are the preliminary data for CRM, and for that reason it made it possible to save sales data generated by POS system on each sales performance database. In order to do that, it newly established Oracle POS system and LORIS POS system concerned with restaurants for food and beverage as well as rooms, and made it possible to stably generate and manage sales data and manage. Moreover, it set up a composite database to control comprehensively the results of work processes during a specific period by collecting customer registration information and made it possible to systematically control the information on sales performances. By establishing a system which unifies database and managing it comprehensively, impeccability of data has been greatly enhanced and a problem which generated asymmetric data could be thoroughly solved. Using data accumulated on the comprehensive database, sales data can be analyzed, categorized, classified through data mining engine imbedded in Polaris CRM and the results can be organized on data mart to provide them in the form of CRM application data. By transforming original sales data into forms which are easy to handle and saving them on data mart separately, it enabled acquiring well-organized data with ease when engaging in various marketing operations, holding a morning meeting and working on decision-making. By using summarized data at data mart, it was possible to process marketing operations such as telemarketing, direct mailing, internet marketing service and service product developments for perceived customers; moreover, information on customer perceptions which is one of CRM's end-products could feed back into the comprehensive database. This research was undertaken to find out how effectively CRM has been employed by comparing and analyzing the management performance of each enterprise site and store after introducing CRM to Hotel enterprises using DEA technique. According to the research results, efficiency evaluation for each site was calculated through input and output factors to find out comparative CRM system usage efficiency of L's Company four sites; moreover, with regard to stores, the sizes of workforce and budget application show a huge difference and so does the each store efficiency. Furthermore, by using the DEA technique, it could assess which sites have comparatively high efficiency and which don't by comparing and evaluating hotel enterprises IT project outcomes such as CRM introduction using the CCR model for each site of the related enterprises. By using the BCC model, it could comparatively evaluate the outcome of CRM usage at each store of A site, which is representative of L Company, and as a result, it could figure out which stores maintain high efficiency in using CRM and which don't. It analyzed the cases of CRM introduction at L Company, which is a hotel enterprise, and precisely evaluated them through DEA. L Company analyzed the customer analysis system by introducing CRM and achieved to provide customers identified through client analysis data with one to one tailored services. Moreover, it could come up with a plan to differentiate the service for customers who revisit by assessing customer discernment rate. As tasks to be solved in the future, it is required to do research on the process analysis which can lead to a specific outcome such as increased sales volumes by carrying on test marketing, target marketing using CRM. Furthermore, it is also necessary to do research on efficiency evaluation in accordance with linkages between other IT solutions such as ERP and CRM system.

A Study on the Peirce's Semiotics and Understanding of Symbol Marks (퍼어스 기호론과 심볼마크의 이해)

  • Hwang, Hyun-Taik
    • Archives of design research
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    • v.18 no.1 s.59
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    • pp.5-16
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    • 2005
  • As for the public, it is hard to understand semiotics because of the scope of an enormous semiotics education. This study is making semiotics of Charles Sanders Peirce the subject. I thought that utilization can hold his semiotics study in a visual design field. First of all, this study considered design related papers related to the existing semiotics again and study found an error of the existing semiotics study and understanding did category concept with re-definition about semiotics of Peirce. Explained a symbol mark through understanding of semiotics of Peirce. This study was able to get the following conclusion through these results. 1) A symbol mark means one product, sonics, company oneself with a custom. Therefore, it is a rule symbol in the Representation side. 2) A symbol mark symbolizes an object with one symbol, so a symbol mark is a symbol in an object. 3) Because a symbol mark exists through a social rule, in semiotics definition of Peirce, this must become understanding with a Argument symbol. 4) A symbol mark is what a company or an organization field used from the past, and the public are recognizing this how. Therefore, it works as fact a company attaches a symbol mark to own product, and to show the public a symbol mark. A symbol mark is Dicent Sign in Interpretant. A rule and understanding about a lot of types which have various mutual relation, Peirce classification and understanding of a symbol mark tells to demand is holding that understanding a type of semiotics with the concept that is not an image to us.

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A Case Study on the Resolution of International Investment Disputes Caused by Aggravation of Political and Economic Situation of the Host State - Focusing on the case of CMS Gas Transmission Company v. Argentine Republic (투자유치국의 정치.경제상황 악화로 인한 국제투자분쟁의 해결에 관한 사례연구 -CMS Gas Transmission Company v. Argentine Republic 사건을 중심으로)

  • Oh, Won-Suk;Hur, Hai-Kwan
    • THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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    • v.36
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    • pp.87-109
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    • 2007
  • This Comment explores the ICSID case of CMS Gas Transmission Company v. Argentine Republic, awarded on May 12, 2005. The Part II of this Comment first describes the relevant facts of the case including the some background for readers' understanding and the Part III summaries the claimant's requests and the decisions rendered by the Arbitral Tribunal in the Award. At Part IV, the Comment addresses the issue of determinating laws applicable to the merits of dispute in case that the parties of the case have not chosen a governing law, and at Part V, takes a close look into three main issues of (i) the indirect expropriation of the investment, (ii) the breach of fair and equitable treatment and (iii) the protections under umbrella clauses. In this CMS case, we see first that while the Tribunal affirmed that any indirect expropriation can occur from incidental interference depriving the foreign investor of the use or reasonable-to-be-expected economic benefit even if not necessarily to the obvious benefit of the host State, the Tribunal denied the occurrence of indirect expropriation in this case by holding that the Government of Argentina has not breached the standard of protection laid down in the Treaty. Secondly, however, regarding the issue of fair and equitable treatment, we see that the Tribunal, finding Argentina's breach of obligations, affirmed that the foreign investor can expect the host State to act in a consistent manner, free from ambiguity and totally transparently in its relations with the foreign investor, which can give the foreign investor certain degree of foreseeability. Thirdly and finally, we see that, on base of the effect of the umbrella clause, the Tribunal recognized the obligation of the host State undertaken not to freeze the tariff regime or subject it to price controls and not to alter the basic rules governing contracts between the foreign investor and the host State without the first's written consent. However, the protection under the umbrella clause is available only when there is a specific breach of rights and obligations under BIT or a violation of contract rights protected under BIT.

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Physicochemical Properties of Cross-linked Rice Starches (가교화 쌀 전분의 이화학적 특성)

  • Choi, Hyun-Wook;Chung, Koo-Min;Kim, Chung-Ho;Moon, Tae-Hwa;Park, Cheon-Seok;Baik, Moo-Yeol
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • v.49 no.1
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    • pp.49-54
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    • 2006
  • Physicochemical properties of cross-linked rice starches were investigated. Swelling power of cross-linked rice starch increased at relatively lower temperature $(60^{\circ}C)$ than native rice starch $(70^{\circ}C)$. Cross-linked rice starch showed lower solubility $(1.7{\sim}6.1%)$ than native rice starch $(2.2{\sim}13.8%)$ and solubility is not significantly different with the amount of phosphorus oxychloride. Pasting temperature $(69.2{\sim}70.6^{\circ}C)$ and peak viscosity $(2,874{\sim}3,175\;cp)$ of cross-linked rice starch were lower than native starch $(71.6^{\circ}C,\;3,976\;cp)$, but holding strength $(2,177{\sim}2,708\;cp)$ and final viscosity $(3,424{\sim}3,826 \;cp)$ of cross-linked rice starch were higher than native starch (1,000 cp, 2,312 cp). DSC thermal transitions of cross-linked rice starches were shifted to a lower temperature than native rice starch but there was no significant difference in gelatinization enthalpy between native and cross-linked rice starches. X-ray diffraction pattern of both native and cross-linked rice starches showed typical A-type crystal indicating that cross-linking had not affected the crystalline region of starch.

A Study on the Application of Modularization Technique to Standard Security Policy to Protect Information Assets and the Securement of Confidentiality and Integrity (정보자산 보호를 위한 표준 보안정책 모듈화 기법 적용과 기밀성 및 무결성 확보를 위한 연구)

  • Seo, Woo-Seok
    • The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.111-118
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    • 2019
  • For the security of a vast amount of information, it has been started to diagnose the site as a way of operating and managing the information owned by a company holding assets, to establish indexes to check the actual status and all kinds of standards to obtain security, and also to classify the information assets based on that. This has been extended to many different areas including policies to operate and manage information assets, services, the management of owned devices as physical assets, and also the management of logical assets for application software and platforms. Some of these information assets are already being operated in reality as new technology in new areas, for example, Internet of Things. Of course, a variety of electronic devices like Smart Home are being used in ordinary families, and unlike in the past, these devices generate a series of information life cycles such as accumulating and processing information. Moreover, as even distribution is now being realized, we are facing a task to secure the stability of information assets and also information that assets are holding. The purpose of this study is to suggest and apply standard security policy by moduling methods for information assets owned by companies and even families and obtain the enhancement of confidentiality as well as integrity.

Institutional Resources and Systems Affecting Professor Startups and Their Performances: A Panel Data Analysis (대학의 자원과 제도가 교수창업 성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구: 패널 데이터 분석)

  • Kim, Jong-woon
    • Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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    • v.18 no.3
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    • pp.33-43
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    • 2023
  • The paper employs a resource-based approach to analyze the relationship between institutional resources and faculty-led startup formation and performance in South Korean four-year universities from 2017 to 2021. The author proposes nine hypotheses to explain how institutional resources or systems affect the number of faculty startups, their employee numbers and the revenue of faculty-led startups, and compare four different groups of university resources for cross-college variation. The findings suggest that institutional factors impacting faculty-led startup performance differ from those impacting other categories of startups. Universities should provide a more favorable environment, including flexible personnel policies and accompanying startup support infrastructure, to encourage faculty-led startups. In contrast, it is more effective for better performance of faculty startups, in terms of their job creation and revenue, to have more financial resources and good paper publications. The results also suggest that university technology-holding companies are crucial for increasing the number of professor startups and their performance. These findings have implications for both university and government policymakers, who aim to facilitate greater participation of professors in startup formation and commercialization of technology.

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Post HCV Infection Due to MX Gene Stimulation Produced Post Treatment with Imported and Locally Produced Egyptian Biosimilar IFN

  • Mohamed, Shereen H;Mahmoud, Nora F;Mohamed, Aly F;Kotb, Nahla S
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.16 no.14
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    • pp.5635-5641
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    • 2015
  • Background: Cirrhosis is regarded as a possible end stage of many liver diseases, including viral infection. It occurs when healthy liver tissue becomes damaged and is replaced by scar tissue and finally may lead to hepatocellular carcinoma. Interferons (IFNs)are two general categories, type I and II. Type I includes one beta interferon and over 20 different alpha interferons. Alpha interferons are very similar in how they work, interacting with other proteins on cells like receptors. The main objective of this study was to compare Mx gene productivity post different cell line treatment with imported and Egyptian biosimilar locally produced IFNs, as well as the efficacy of those tested IFNs. Also, an assessment was made of sensitivity of different cell lines as alternatives to that recommended for evaluation of antiviral activity. Materials and Methods: Different cell lines (Vero, MDBK and Wish) were employed to evaluate cytotoxicity using the MTT assay. Antiviral activity was evaluated compared with standard IFN against VSV, Indiana strain -156, on tested rh-IFNs (imported; innovated and Egyptian biosimilar locally produced IFNs) in the pre-treated cell lines previously mentioned. The virus was propagated in the Wish cell line as recommended. Finally we estimated up-regulation of the Mx gene as a biomarker. Results: Data recorded revealed that test IFNs were safe in test cell lines. Viability was around 100%. Locally tested interferon did not realize the international potency limits, while the imported one was accepted compared with the standard IFN. These results were the same either using infectivity titer reduction assay or crystal violet staining of residual non- infected cells. Mx protein production was cell type related and confirmed by the detected Mx gene expressed in imported and locally produced IFN pre-treated cell lines. The expression of the gene was arranged in the order of Vero> wish > MDBK for the imported IFN, while for the Egyptian biosimillar locally produced one it was MDBK> Vero> wish. With regard to the antiviral activity there was a significant difference of imported IFN potency compared with the locally produced IFN (P<0.05), the IFN potential (antiviral activity) was not cell line related and showed non-significant difference for each separate product. Conclusions: Vero cells can be used as an alternative cell line for evaluation of IFN potency in case of unavailable USP recommended cell lines. Alternative potency evaluation assay could be used and proved significant difference in IFN potency in case of local and imported agents. Evaluation of antiviral activity could be used in parallel to viral infectivity reduction assay for better accuracy. Mx gene can be used as a marker for IFN potential.

A Study on the Management System of Special Organization for University Technology Transfer and Commercialization (대학 기술이전.사업화 전담조직 운영제도의 성과와 과제)

  • Yoon, Chongmin
    • Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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    • v.16 no.4
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    • pp.1055-1089
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    • 2013
  • These days, the environment surrounding university has been changing rapidly and largely. Especially, the academic entrepreneurship for university spin-offs and wealth creation is being emphasized. And therefore, the importance of industry-academy-research institute cooperation for technology transfer and commercialization is increasing more and more. According to that, government have made various legal system and support the university activities for their autonomous and practical technology use, and one of that core means is to make university establish the special organization for technology transfer and commercialization, and support its activities systematically. This paper aims to study legal system on the special organization for university technology transfer and commercialization in korea. Especially, it is layed emphasis to search the problems and find out the improvement ways about the special organization. For this purpose, the legal system and necessity of special organization in university and other research institute are reviewed in domestic and abroad, the type and operation methodology of special organization in the existing laws are investigated in korea, the operation effects of several organization are analyzed, and lastly the improvement methods for activating the organization are studied and suggested.

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Effects of Deep Freezing Temperature for Long-term Storage on Quality Characteristics and Freshness of Lamb Meat

  • Choi, Mi-Jung;Abduzukhurov, Tolibovich;Park, Dong Hyeon;Kim, Eun Jeong;Hong, Geun-Pyo
    • Food Science of Animal Resources
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    • v.38 no.5
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    • pp.959-969
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    • 2018
  • This study investigated the effects of deep freezing and storage temperature ($-50^{\circ}C$, $-60^{\circ}C$, and $-80^{\circ}C$) on the quality and freshness of lamb. To compare the qualities of deep frozen and stored lamb, fresh control and normal freezing conditions ($-18^{\circ}C$) were adopted. As quality and freshness parameters, drip loss (thawing loss and cooking loss), water-holding capacity (WHC), texture profile analysis (TPA), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN) were evaluated during 5 months of storage. Temperature influenced the drip loss and WHC, and deep freezing minimized the moisture loss during frozen storage compared to the normal freezing condition. Lamb frozen and stored at deep freezing temperature showed better tenderness than that stored in normal freezing conditions. In particular, lamb frozen at lower than $-60^{\circ}C$ exhibited fresh lamb-like tenderness. Regardless of temperature, evidence of lipid oxidation was not found in any frozen lamb after 5 months, while TVBN was dependent on the applied temperature. Therefore, this study demonstrated that deep freezing could potentially be used to maintain freshness of lamb for 5 months. From the quality and economic aspects, the freezing and storage condition of $-60^{\circ}C$ is estimated as the optimum condition for frozen lamb.

A Study on Integrated Production Planning of Distributed Manufacturing Systems on Supply Chain (공급사슬상의 분산 제조 시스템의 통합생산계획에 관한 연구)

  • Koh, Do-Sung;Yang, Yeong-Cheol;Jang, Yang-Ja;Park, Jin-Woo
    • IE interfaces
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    • v.13 no.3
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    • pp.378-387
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    • 2000
  • As the globalization of manufacturing companies continues, the scope of dependence between these companies and distributors, and other suppliers are growing very rapidly since no one company manufactures or distributes the whole product by themselves. And, the need to increase the efficiency of the whole supply chain is increasing. This paper deals with a multi-plant lot-sizing problem(MPLSP) which happens in a decentralized manufacturing system of a supply chain. In this study, we assume that the whole supply chain is driven by a single source of independent demand and many levels of dependent demands among manufacturing systems in the supply chain. We consider setup cost, transportation cost and time, and inventory holding cost as a decision factor in the MPLSP. The MPLSP is decomposed into two sub-problems: a planning problem of the whole supply chain and a lot-sizing problem of each manufacturing system. The supply chain planning problem becomes a pure linear programming problem and a Generalized Goal Decomposition method is used to solve the problem. Its result is used as a goal of the lot-sizing problem. The lot-sizing problem is solved using the CPLEX package, and then the coefficients of the planning problem are updated reflecting the lot-sizing solution. This procedure is repeated until termination criteria are met. The whole solution process is similar to Lagrangian relaxation method in the sense that the solutions are approaching the optimum in a recursive manner. Through experiments, the proposed closed-loop hierarchical planning and traditional hierarchical planning are compared to optimal solution, and it is shown that the proposed method is a very viable alternative for solving production planning problems of decentralized manufacturing systems and in other areas.

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