• Journal of architectural history
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.23-34
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to look into the weight-lightening phenomenon of the roof structure of some Hanok(韓屋), the Korean traditional houses found from the survey on the distribution and actual state of urban traditional houses existing in the whole region of Jung-gu, Daegu, Korea. As a result of judging from the pre-test of building registers for the research area, approximately 5,000 wood structure houses were found. A field data survey based on these findings showed that there are 1,752 Hanok houses. And the further classification of the Korean traditional houses by roof structure type shows that about 35% of them underwent weight lightening. While this kind of light-weight Hanok is different from the concept of traditional Hanok, they also show the survival method of Hanok that reflects the economical and technological phases of that period. It is expected that deeper understanding on the urban traditional houses will be possible through carrying out in-depth researches on techniques of the light-weight roof structure of the urban traditional houses that are supposed to have functioned as dwellings as commercial products.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.3 no.2 s.6
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• pp.67-90
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• 1994

Soshaewon(瀟灑園) is the historical relic No. 34, and located in the upper part of Kwangju-dam in Damyang. It is a Byulseo-garden(別墅庭園), a retreated garden near residence, that is constructed by Yang San-Bo(梁山甫, 1503-1557) in 1530's. That is to say, Soshaewon is a space of life that is situated near the village called Changam-chon(蒼岩村), and a place to study, lecture and importune among literary men. Therefore, we can see that it is of great significance in the architectural, landscape architectural, and literary aspects. This paper is based on the 'Pictorial Map of Soshaewon(瀟灑園圖, 1775)' and 'Forty- eight Poems(四十八詠)' composed by Kim In-Who(金麟厚) in 1548. The 'Pictorial Map of Soshaewon' which describes a vestige of Soshaewon makes it easy to understand the composition of space, by offering the important clues to the prototype of Soshaewon. Moreover, 'Forty-eight Poems' are very valuable references from which we can consider an ideal and internal meaning of Soshaewon. In this paper, the central objective is to observe the consitituents of architectural space of Soshaewon; architectural, stone-built, water-spacial, landscape architectural, external- garden and behavioral elements. The research on Soshaewon is to be processed gradually in the future, but this paper is limited only to the areas presented in the 'Pictorial Map of Soshaewon' and "Forty-eight Poems."

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.25-39
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• 2009

The examples of developing a building site after the Woongjin period are mainly found in temple sites, tile-roofed building sites of unidentified features, and palace remains including the pavilion site with the river in the front(임류각지) inside the Castle of Gongsan, Gongjoo. In case of the Hanseong period, a glimpase of the features has gained in Poongnab mud castle and Mongchon mud castle, but the excavated relics are not yet enough to make some date out of them. After the Woongjin period of Baejae, the earth-ramming development method was used mostly to construct a building site, which is divided into horizontal and slant raising of the ground level. Both are used simultaneously, but there are the significant differences in the way of raising the ground level between them. Particularly, in case of the Wanggoong-ri relics in Iksan, the ground level was raised in a narrow line slantly, which is differentiated from other slant raising of the ground level, and its time of construction also is after that of others. In addition, the board-building development method used for narrow space is usually found in the remains since the seventh century. However, there are not enough the relics of Baekjae to reveal the whole aspect of building site development. It should be studied later through the subsequent excavation and research.

• Journal of Information Management
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.1-23
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• 2006

This study purposed to establish the history of library automation through multilateral analysis and systematic description of the development process of university library automation in Korea and to analyze problems in the development process. In the research, we conducted literature review, investigation of university homepages and telephone interviews. Based on previous researches and the current state of university library automation, the development process of university libraries was divided into 'the stage of introduction,' 'the stage of growth,' 'the stage of stability' and 'the stage of take off.' First, the current state of university library automation was analyzed through literature review, and 109 libraries at private universities in Korea were sampled for data analysis.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.133-147
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• 2023

The random vibration of saddle membrane structures under wind load is studied theoretically and experimentally. First, the nonlinear random vibration differential equations of saddle membrane structures under wind loads are established based on von Karman's large deflection theory, thin shell theory and potential flow theory. The probabilistic density function (PDF) and its corresponding statistical parameters of the displacement response of membrane structure are obtained by using the diffusion process theory and the Fokker Planck Kolmogorov equation method (FPK) to solve the equation. Furthermore, a wind tunnel test is carried out to obtain the displacement time history data of the test model under wind load, and the statistical characteristics of the displacement time history of the prototype model are obtained by similarity theory and probability statistics method. Finally, the rationality of the theoretical model is verified by comparing the experimental model with the theoretical model. The results show that the theoretical model agrees with the experimental model, and the random vibration response can be effectively reduced by increasing the initial pretension force and the rise-span ratio within a certain range. The research methods can provide a theoretical reference for the random vibration of the membrane structure, and also be the foundation of structural reliability of membrane structure based on wind-induced response.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.63 no.6
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• pp.837-846
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• 2017

An accurate calculation of the stochastic wind field is the foundation for analyzing wind-induced structure response and reliability. In this research, the spatial correlation of structural wind field was considered based on the time domain method. A method for calculating the stochastic wind field based on cross stochastic Fourier spectrum was proposed. A flowchart of the proposed methodology is also presented in this study to represent the algorithm and workflow. Along with the analysis of regional wind speed distribution, the wind speed time history sample was calculated, and the efficiency can therefore be verified. Results show that the proposed method and programs could provide an efficient simulation for the wind-induced structure response analysis, and help determine the related parameters easily.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.14 no.3 s.43
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• pp.119-128
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• 2005

In ancient times, architectural design was seen as a critical task in building technologies. Specifically, form, dimension and structural design are of significant. These aspects are associated with each other and to be emerged as a whole. Designing plan dimension was deemed to be the core of design technology due to its close relationship with module system. Thus, its evolution as well as development process typically represents and reflects the spirits and contents of design technologies in ancient China. In China, the materials regarding ancient architectural technology include Yingzaofashi(營造法式) of Song Dynasty and Gongchengzuofazeli(工程做法則例) of Qing Dynasty. They show many aspects concerning materials, structure, scale system and building. In Yingzaofashi, although the length of objects are decided by 'cai(材)' and 'fen(分)', there are no regulations on length, width and height of a building. However, in the construction of ancient buildings, the above mentioned basic scales are very important in both design and construction. The present paper attempts to discuss the significance, namely, the design principles of length, with and height of ancient chinese architecture.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.193-200
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• 2008

We obtained quantitative information on leaf unfolding and leaf shedding by observing 45 species of cool temperate deciduous trees in an arboretum over 5 growing seasons. These trees were in leaf (the foliage period) for 207 days on average after 1 April; 50% of leaves had been shed by 192 days after 1 April. Duration from the start of leaf unfolding to 50% leaf shedding was 157 days on average. Leaf unfolding began 35 days on average after 1 April. For leaf unfolding to begin, a$ 51^{\circ}C{\cdot}day$ of cumulated daily mean air temperature above $5^{\circ}C$ from 1 January (modified Kira's warmth index) was needed. Fifty-nine days elapsed between initiation and the final stage of leaf unfolding. The period of net photosynthetic assimilation was 157 days. The species with succeeding- type leaf unfolding associated with the anemochore seed type dominated the early stage of succession, while the species with flush-type leaf unfolding tended to dominate the late stage of succession. Few species were found in regions where late frosts occur after the day when the cumulative temperature for leaf unfolding is achieved. Biological characteristics include time of leaf unfolding, which affects the life history of each species, so that each species occupies its own niche in the stand. We conclude that that leaf phenology, such as timing of leaf unfolding and leaf shedding, is one of the components of each species' ecological characteristics.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.16 no.1 s.60
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• pp.11-20
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• 2007

Modern architecture does a role in terms of connecting traditional and current architecture. In the same time, Which is important part of korean architecture history because of introduction of western architecture. Accordingly, At this meaninglessly going out and leaving of modern architecture, the purpose of this study is systematic researching of 'Cho-sun government-general' interior which is disappeared. I progressed this study to research into the period context at construction of Cho-sun government-general md tendency of architecture and interior at that time. And then understand interior space organization of it. Cho-sun government-general adopted Neo-Baroque style from tendency of that time. Also, showed composite order which is mixed in the Greek temple, the Renaissance and the classic style representing the power. This characteristic is different from current composit order, which is comprehended by our. In order to understand aesthetic value of current straight interior space, It have to be interacted the present and past. But It's averted because it was made in the period of Japanese imperialism. Therefore, We should explore history of interior design that is endowed with sociality and historicity between modern and future interior space as well as current.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.57-70
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• 2018

Much research has already been done on Donguibogam. However, comparison of specific characters was not done because researchers found it difficult to compare different editions of the text in one place. Recently, important editions have been published on the Internet, making comparison possible. In this paper, researchers compare eight editions Donguibogam, including the original edition published in 1613 and seven other editions corrected by the Naeuiwon (Joseon Dynasty National Medical Center). The comparison results were summarized and tabulated. The results of the comparison are analyzed and presented in this article as a chart. The result of comparing the characters and the analyzed graph were in agreement. The authors propose that all written and electronic publications of Donguibogam should refer to other editions implied, quoted or referenced within the text and including with proper citations, and reference the original and first edition. Inadequate referencing will pollute future knowledge of this foundational text of Traditional Korean Medicine and may result in perpetration of mis-information. Based on accumulated knowledge and study of historical Korean Medicine texts, the Namsan edition made a mistake in the editing process. The year of publication of Gabsul-yoengyoeng-gegan Edition needs to be studied again and corrections made where appropriate.