• 보존과학연구
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• 통권23호
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• pp.163-177
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• 2002

North monk-stupa and East monk-stupa , which are placed in Yeongoksa, are delicately sculptured and historically valued so they have been determined as National Treasures. It is assumed that North monk-stupa was made in early Goryeo Dynasty period. Parts of it were damaged by grave robbery in 2001. So restoration was begun in 2001. While restoring it, wrong arrangement on top of the monkstupa was rearranged. Top of East monk-stupa was also arranged in a wrong way so it was restored to its original form. Because each part of top of the monk-stupa was adhered with epoxy resin, it was separated by using thin saw. After being arranged in right order, the middle of monk-stupa was fixed by setting up stainless steel shaft. Anda of North monk-stupa, concerned about being damaged by crack, was adhered with epoxy resin.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.171-179
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• 2005

Korea has many underwater cultural heritages within the east, west and south seas surrounding the Peninsula that indicate historically important sealanes for trade and transportation. As these underwater cultural heritages are the objects of despoilment because of their relatively easy access through modern technology, their often high historical and priceless value demands strong protection similar to or better than the land cultural properties. Currently, Korea does not have any concrete laws or regulations for the protection of underwater cultural heritages. Thus, these heritages iu, somewhat temporary and inappropriately subjected to laws and regulations relating to provisions of individual Laws concerning protection of cultural properties act, and statute of excavation of material fir buried national property, lost articles act etc.. Internationally, the UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage was adopted but not yet entered into force. Therefore, the protection of underwater cultural heritage has become an urgent matter. In this regard, this article's main purpose is to provide recommendations for improving direction of legal regime and policy for protecting our underwater cultural heritages. These legal regimes need provisions for definition of the underwater cultural heritage, scope of application, ownerships, jurisdictions and protection measures. And suggestions are provided in regard to policies for the protection of underwater cultural heritages that may improve organization and cooperation among concerned ministries and agencies, compensation system, restrictions for excavation of underwater relics, efficiency of survey of underwater surface and information system.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2018

Following the earthquake that shook the city of Gyeongju, Korea, in 2016, it became apparent that research on the safety of cultural heritages against the seismic hazards is necessary in Korea. Predictions of how historically significant stone pagodas would behave the earthquakes anticipated in near future, which are the subject of this study, is also required. In this study, the dynamic characteristics of 15 cultural heritage designated stone pagodas of Korea were investigated, including natural frequency and damping ratio, and the stiffness of the stone material and its contact area were determined using eigenvalue analysis by assuming the stone pagodas to be multi-degree-of-freedom structures. The results of this study enable the structural modeling of stone pagodas using a finite element analysis program and the method is expected to be useful in assessing the structural safety of stone pagodas against vertical loads as well as lateral forces, including earthquakes. Also, by identifying the dynamic characteristics of the structures, the results of this study can be utilized as a nondestructive testing method to determine the rigidity of cultural heritage structures and to identify inherent problems. The natural frequencies of the Korean stone pagodas were measured to be within 3.5~8.3Hz, excluding cases with distinct natural frequency results, and it was determined that the natural frequencies of the stone pagodas are influenced by various parameters including the height and joint stiffness of the structures.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.204-219
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• 2015

최근 유엔을 비롯한 국제사회가 세계 각지에서 나타나는 정치 군사적 갈등을 완화하고 문명 간 충돌을 해소하기 위해서 '문화 간 화해(Rapprochement of Cultures)'를 적극 추진하고 있는데, 이 과정에서 고대 문명 간 교역 루트로 기능했던 '실크로드'가 재조명 되고 있다. 이것은 문명 간 대화와 교류의 장으로써 고대로부터 실크로드 교역의 중심에 위치하였던 중앙아시아에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있는 것과도 궤를 같이하는 것이다. 광활한 영토에 흩어져 살고 있는 다양한 민족의 생활 방식이 전해지고 있는 중앙아시아지역에서 '살아있는 유산'으로 불리는 무형의 문화유산을 많이 접할 수 있는 것이 놀라운 일은 아니다. 더욱이 초원을 따라 끊임없이 이동하며 생활하는 유목문화가 퍼져있는 이 지역은 조상 대대로 내려오는 전통적인 관습과 생활에 대한 지혜가 주로 구전 전승되어 왔기 때문에 무형유산을 발굴하고 재해석 하는 일이 지역의 민족적 정체성과도 관련된 매우 중요한 일로 여겨지고 있다. 그러나 현실은 지난 70여 년간의 소비에트 체제의 여파로 인해 많은 유산이 전승단절 위기에 처해있다. 다행히도, 독립 이후에 중앙아시아 지역의 국가들 사이에서 민족의 정체성을 회복하려는 노력의 일환으로 무형유산을 부흥시키려는 욕구가 커지고 있다. 그렇지만 문화 분야의 국가적 지원이 부족하여 어려움을 겪고 있는 것이 현실이다. 이 글에서는 무형유산 개념이 보급되면서 중앙아시아 지역에서 나타나고 있는 여러 현상을 살펴보고, 필자가 몸담고 있는 센터와 중앙아시아 국가들이 최근 6년 동안 진행한 네트워크 사업 활동에 관한 경험과 그 성과에 대해 이야기하고자 한다. 또한, 중장기적 관점에서 이 지역의 무형유산 협력을 어떻게 이해하고 발전시켜야 할지에 관한 문제제기와 함께 이에 대한 필자의 짧은 소견을 덧붙이고자 한다.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.132-144
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• 2022

전북지역 마한의 시작과 성장의 양상을 비교적 잘 확인할 수 있는 대표적인 유적은 단연 완주 상운리 고분군이라 할수 있다. 하지만 2000년대 초반 발굴조사가 이루어진 후 보존조치 유적으로만 일부지역이 존치되고, 이 일대에 대한 추가 조사나 지정에 대한 노력이 거의 이루어지지 않아 일부지역에 대한 보존조치 유적 공원 외에는 겨우 현상만 유지되고 있다. 근래에는 마한문화권 유적 정비와 관련하여 적극적인 보존관리의 필요성이 대두되면서 이 유적이 다시금 부각되고 있는 상황이다. 중요 유적에 대한 지정 보존을 위해서는 적극적인 예산 투입과 추가적인 조사 및 학술적 가치의 재조명이 무엇보다 필요한 상황이지만 현실적인 제약으로 인하여 단계별로 보존 전략을 세워 접근할 필요가 있다. 먼저 기존에 조치된 보존지역과 연접지역을 조사하여 도 기념물로 시급하게 지정할 필요가 있다. 이를 근거로 주변에 추가로 확인된 분구묘를 조사하여 사유지를 매입하여야 하며, 중장기 관리계획을 수립한 상태에서 사적으로 지정하여 안정적으로 관리할 수 있도록 해야 한다. 이후 주변지역에 대한 계속적인 추가 조사와 지정을 통해 사적지와 연접한 지역의 경관복원과 함께 역사적 정체성을 확고히 함으로 국가지정문화재로서의 가치를 높일 수 있도록 보존계획을 추가로 반영해야 한다. 이는 관계기관의 적극적인 관심과 지원의 노력들이 수반되어질 때 가능하다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2019년도 학술발표회
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• pp.218-218
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• 2019

Jeju island has an area of $1,810km^2$ and is considered the largest island in South Korea. In Jeju Island the average annual precipitation is 1,957mm. About 54% of precipitation is estimated to be lost due to evapo-transpiration and direct runoff, and the remainder is recharged. Historically springs and puddles were the island's primary sources of water. However, after 1970 all sectors, including the urban and industrial sectors depended solely on groundwater as their water resource. As vast amount of water is being recharged the Island has many springs, especially near the coastlines. Historlcally, spring of Jeju Island formed village and make it possible to continue a life. Also it produces many values such as the spring related story, culture, tourism and ecosystems. Especially, the naturally rare phenomenon that about 900 springs appear over the whole area of Jeju Island makes it possible to call it as a natural heritage. As a result of this most springs have either been destroyed or been in the state of neglect. In some cases it has been observed that springs were preserved by nature, however majority of the cases saw springs losing their own nature as a result of abandonment. It was recorded that there were 911 springs in Jeju Island with most of them being distributed along the coast, which consequently increases their susceptibility to seawater intrusion. The objective of this study is therefore to analyze Eco-cultural and Engineering characteristics about springs in the island, highlighting its past utilization and reestablishing its potential as a source of spring.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제36권
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• pp.313-334
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• 2003

Historically, hawking/falconry refer to the hunting for pheasants, birds and hares using a hawk. In spite of its long history, not so many studies were found and/or have been performed. Examining researches, hawking has been enjoyed solely by the royal families until the early Joseon Dynasty but it has been popularly spread among the people in the 18th century, emphasizing recreational factors of it. The researches, however, dealt only with the limited data published by the government while a diary, Swaemirok written by Oh Hi-Mun, an intellectual in the 16th century noted the realities and characteristics of hawking at that time. According to the diary, hawking has been spread all over the country in the 16th century and the people as well as the royal families enjoyed it. The hawking season has been continued for a year except for summertime trees and plants grow thick. For the hawking, they need to be permitted officially or under a tacit consent. In those days, beef and pork are very rare. A peasant acted as, therefore, an excellent alternative and was served up for a religious service. In view of the truth, it could be stated that peasant-hawking was important for recreational activities as well as for their living.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.117-131
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• 2017

This study was conducted to draw vegetation landscape elements in the ancient literature, investigate plant community structure, understand vegetation structure, and suggest reasonal conservation management methods. As a result of analyzing ancient literature, geomorphological landscapes in Guryong valley were canyon landscape and valley surrounded in Mt. Chiak. Plant landscape factors were as followed. Rhododendron spp. spread around valley. Also, Pinus densiflora communities were distributed in Guryong valley around. Especially, the entrance zones of Guryong valley were described as covered with Pinus densiflora and Whangchangkumpyo(黃腸禁標). Therefore, it was estimated that entry of Guryong valley was covered with Pinus densiflora community landscape. As for current vegetation result, the main vegetation was divided into mixed deciduous broad-leaved trees community and Pinus densiflora community. As a result of analysis by TWINSPAN for community classification, five communities(Deciduous broadleaved trees, Pinus densiflora, Pinus densiflora-Abies holophylla, Abies holophylla, and Pinus koraiensis community) were classified. To maintain historic plant landscape and conserve crucial resources, Pinus densiflora community was classified as concentrated conservation management area($105,472m^2$). To maintain Pinus densiflora landscape which has high historical and cultural value of Guryong valley, it was considered that active density control of lower layer vegetation would be necessary. Accordingly, to conserve P. densiflora landscape, Whangchangkumpyo(?腸禁標), that area was separated into Pinus densiflora lower layer forest management area($84,029m^2$) and Pinus densiflora seedling conservation management area($21,443m^2$). In understory of Pinus densiflora lower layer flora, the target tree species for elimination and management were Quercus serrata and Quercus mongolica. They were $4{\sim}6trees/100m^2$ and their average diameter was 7.1cm. To preserve Pinus densiflora seedlings, areas with Sasa borealis, the ground vegetation of Pinus densiflora community, rate of 80% or more should be selected as priority management areas and concentrated elimination and management of Sasa borealis should be implemented. Likewise, traditional Pinus densiflora forest is a historically cultural heritage to preserve with sustainable interest and survey. Efficient management method through systematic monitoring system should be made.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제37권
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• pp.213-242
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• 2004

"China", "Guang-Xi(廣西)", "Dong-Shan(東山)", a marriage of "Yao-zu(瑤族)" divide mainly into a distinguished family form, but are by a marriage of a traditional general form (a woman getting married) and "Zhaoxu-Hun(招婿婚)", a marriage of "Liangtou-che(兩頭扯)". These two marriage format that mentioned the back is a marriage format to often appear in other Chinese minority race region while being a custom peculiar to "Yao-zu(瑤族)" marriage method. "Zhaoxu-Hun(招婿婚)" provides labor force as a workman while living with a man sinks with "son-in-law" to a woman house, and doing, and it is to carry out a lot of duty as a husband too. "A Liangtou-che(兩頭扯)" marriage is more characteristic, but lives while going around a bilateral family while man and woman each stay in an own house. There are inheritance of property rights to own family, too and obeys anger of he direction family bilateral where if lays a child even if stands up and holds a memorial service. At the same time that these marriages are performed between the same "Yao-zu(瑤族)" near a track, and solution does a distribution problem between a labor problem and the families which were unstable through a mutual marriage for the purpose a compunction "Yao-zu(瑤族)" social network construction into intimacy anger. A general idea is covered he base with in order the porcelain which is a weak race prevent that it is assimilated by external aggression because "Yo-zu(瑤族)" has always received aggression of "a Han-zu(漢族)" too historically, and to keep an ethnic pure blood.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.94-102
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• 2023

1981년 ICOMOS-IFLA 국제 역사 정원 위원회에서 제정한 플로렌스 헌장에서는 역사정원을 식물이 주를 이루는 건축적 구성으로 이를 영원히 변하지 않도록 유지하고자 하는 예술가와 장인의 욕구사이에 존재하는 끊임없는 균형으로 보았다. 이처럼 정원의 주된 구성요소인 수목은 계절의 순환에 따라 생성과 소명을 반복하기 때문에 지속적인 관리가 필요하다. 이에 따라 우리나라 궁궐에서도 수목의 모습을 유지하기 위한 관리는 필수불가결한 요소였을 것이다. 다만 과거 궁궐의 수목관리 기법을 고증하는 것은 매우 중요한 일이지만 역사적 기록 부재와 일제강점기로 인해 명맥이 단절됨에 따라 연구가 어려운 실정이다. 또한 일반적으로 궁궐의 수목은 관리를 하지 않았다는 견해에 따라 궁궐 수목 관리 기법에 관한 연구는 지금까지 수행되지 않았다. 본 연구는 근대에 촬영된 사진을 토대로 전문가 인터뷰를 통해 과거 궁궐의 수목관리 판단 여부를 밝히는데 목적을 두었다. 근대기에 촬영된 사진을 활용하여 전문가에게 심층 인터뷰를 통해 수종의 식별과 전정여부를 파악한 내용을 토대로 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 사진을 통해 수목의 수형과 잎 형태 식별이 가능함을 확인하였으며 정지·전정 등에 의해서 생기는 현상을 관찰함으로써 근대기 궁궐의 수목관리 시행 여부를 추정할 수 있었다. 둘째, 4개 분야에서 8명의 전문가들에게 심층 인터뷰를 한 결과 수종 식별, 전정여부 및 목적, 방법 등의 관리여부의 판별이 가능하였으며 집단별 의견의 차이가 크게 발생하지 않고 근거를 명확하게 제시하였다. 셋째, 궁궐 수목의 관리 유형은 수형관리, 수목의 위해 요인 제거, 하층식생관리가 주된 것으로 판단하였으며 존덕정, 관람정 등의 사진을 통해 촬영 시점인 일제강점기 이전에도 수목의 관리가 이루어졌음을 확인하였다. 촬영된 사진을 토대로 전문가 인터뷰를 거쳐 일제강점기 이전 수목관리 여부 추정이 가능하였다. 그러나 당시 시대 상황에 따라 자체적으로 수행된 것인지 일제에 의해 수행된 것인지는 사료의 부족으로 규명하지 못하였다. 하지만, 과거 궁궐의 수목관리를 하지 않았다는 견해를 수집된 자료를 통해 반박할 수 있는 근거자료를 마련하였으며 이를 뒷받침하는 전문가 의견을 종합하여 여부를 판단하였다. 또한 일반적인 정지·전정 이론을 토대로 전문가 의견에 대한 실증적인 검토를 실시하여 연구결과에 신뢰성을 확보하였다.