• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.173-178
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• 2019

Mongolian historical and cultural monuments on settlement areas of stone inscriptions, stone images, rock-drawings, remains of cities, architecture are still telling us their stories. These monuments depict the understanding of the word, philosophical and artistic outlook, beliefs, religion, national art, language, culture and traditions of Mongols [1]. Nowadays computer science, especially computer vision is applying in the other science fields. The main problem is how to apply and which algorithm can detect and classify the objects correctly. In this paper, we propose a method to detect object from Mongolian nomadic environment images. This work proposes a method for object detection that is the combination of the binary operations in the edge detection results. We found out the best method and parameters of state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms. In experimental result, we evaluate our results with 10-fold cross validation and split 66% strategies.

• Acta Via Serica
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.97-118
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• 2019

This study presents a new conceptualization of the history of Islamic astronomy. Islamic history is an embedded global cultural phenomenon and will be analyzed at different levels: a) the history of institutional aspects (observatories, including buildings), b) instruments, c) manuscripts, and d) scholars. This phenomenon will be analyzed as a multi-lingual phenomenon with Arabic as the language of sciences as a starting point. Although this is not a study of a geographical region in a narrow sense, it is a historical note on the entanglement of research written in Arabic, Persian and other languages and contextualized in a framework reaching geographically far beyond the confines of the Islamic world and being part of global history.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.26-31
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• 2004

In the last few years, The Semantic Web has increased the interest in ontologies. Ontology is an essential component of the semantic web. Ontologies continue to change and evolve. We consider the management of versions in ontology. We study a set of changes based on domain changes, changes in conceptualization, metadata changes, and temporal dimension. In many cases, we want to be able to search in historical versions, query changes in versions, retrieve versions on the temporal dimension. In order to support an ontology query language that supports temporal operations, we consider temporal dimension includes transaction time and valid time. Ontology versioning brings about massive amount of versions to be stored and maintained. We present the storage policies that are storing all the versions, all the sequence of changed element, all the change sets, the aggregation of change sets periodically, and the aggregation of change sets using a criterion. We conduct a set of experiments to compare the performance of each storage policies. We present the experimental results for evaluating the performance of different storage policies from scheme 1 to scheme 5.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제27권
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• pp.319-346
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• 2012

The idiom is the fixed phrase with the traits of stable patterns, habitual uses, historic and ethnical characteristics. The numeral is categorized under the substantial, it represents the quantity or sequence, it can be divided into cardinal numerals and ordinal numerals. Although a considerable of the Korean numeral idioms generated from Chinese numeral idioms, however, due to various factors such as different historical background, customs, and language structure, in the long term, Korean and Chinese numeral idioms formed different characteristics in many aspects. This paper mostly examines the outside form of numeral idioms in Korean and Chinese. The aim is to summarize the different system of Korean and Chinese by analyzing the rules of the numeral idioms in Korean and Chinese.

• Acta Via Serica
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.87-120
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• 2020

This article introduces the texts of Manchu shamanistic prayers recorded in a manuscript by Sergei A. Polevoi, a Russian and an American Sinologist from the first part of the twentieth century. The Manchu original text of these prayers (but not the Polevoi's variant) was recently published by Ye (2018), which, however lacks detailed linguistic analysis. Polevoi's texts are in the slightly outdated romanization of Manchu with no linguistic analysis, translation, and commentary that are provided below by the author. While this publication will be of minor interest to the specialists on Manchu shamanism, it would be important to linguists specializing in the Manchu and Tungusic languages and philology, as the text reflects in all probability the eighteenth century Manchu preserved in romanization, and, therefore priceless for the linguistic analysis.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2023

The natural language on social network platforms has a certain front-to-back dependency in structure, and the direct conversion of Chinese text into a vector makes the dimensionality very high, thereby resulting in the low accuracy of existing text classification methods. To this end, this study establishes a deep learning model that combines a big data ultra-deep convolutional neural network (UDCNN) and long short-term memory network (LSTM). The deep structure of UDCNN is used to extract the features of text vector classification. The LSTM stores historical information to extract the context dependency of long texts, and word embedding is introduced to convert the text into low-dimensional vectors. Experiments are conducted on the social network platforms Sogou corpus and the University HowNet Chinese corpus. The research results show that compared with CNN + rand, LSTM, and other models, the neural network deep learning hybrid model can effectively improve the accuracy of text classification.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.80-87
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• 2024

The Manchu language holds historical significance, but a complete dataset of Manchu script letters for training optical character recognition machine-learning models is currently unavailable. Therefore, this paper describes the process of creating a robust dataset of extracted Manchu script letters. Rather than performing automatic letter segmentation based on whitespace or the thickness of the central word stem, an image of the Manchu script was manually inspected, and one copy of the desired letter was selected as a region of interest. This selected region of interest was used as a template to match all other occurrences of the same letter within the Manchu script image. Although the dataset in this study contained only 4,000 images of five Manchu script letters, these letters were collected from twenty-eight writing styles. A full dataset of Manchu letters is expected to be obtained through this process. The collected dataset was normalized and trained using a simple convolutional neural network to verify its effectiveness.

• 대순사상논총
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• 제39집
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• pp.1-32
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• 2021

이 연구의 목적은 해원(解冤)의 용례를 검토하고, 그 개념적 변화를 살펴보는 데에 있다. 이 목적을 달성하기 위해 조선시대(제2장)와 일제강점기의 해원 용례들(제3장), 그리고 『전경』과 주요 선행연구의 내용(제4장)을 검토하였다. 조선시대부터 대순진리회에 이르기까지 해원의 용례와 개념적 변화를 고찰한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 해원은 역사성, 사회성, 문화성을 지닌 용어이다. 이는 해원이 조선시대 이후부터, 그리고 개인적 차원뿐만 아니라 집단적 문제를 해소하는 차원에서도 사용된 용어였다는 것을 의미한다. 또한 문화를 집단적 의식이나 물질적 산물로 본다면, 해원은 사회적·문화적 열망을 담은 용어였다. 둘째, 해원은 역사적으로 동일한 개념이 아니다. 이는 해원 개념의 적용 범위가 문제 영역(법적 영역, 자연재해 영역, 제도 영역 등)에 따라 달랐다는 점, 그리고 일제강점기에 일상 언어와 종교 언어로서의 해원 개념의 적용 범위가 달라졌다는 점에서 확인할 수 있다. 셋째, 해원은 증산의 등장 이후에 교리 체계에 담긴 종교 언어로 전환된다. 조선시대에 해원이 주로 일상 언어로서 법적 차원에서 죽은자와 산자의 원통함을 드러냈다면, 증산의 등장 이후에는 해원이 초인간적 존재에 의한 선천의 혼란 해소와 후천이라는 변혁된 세계의 등장을 매개하는 교리적 차원의 종교 언어가 된 것이다. 이어, 『전경』과 대순진리회의 선행연구들은 해원 개념이 교리적 차원에서 정교해졌다는 것을 보여준다. 이러한 연구 결과는 해원 개념에 담긴 사유의 역사적 전환을 보여준다. 해원은 교리 체계에 포함된 종교 언어로서, 원통함을 푼다는 내포를 유지하면서도 개인과 사회를 넘어 세계라는 외연으로 확장된다. 그리고 이러한 해원 개념은 교리 체계에서 세계의 변혁을 매개하고, 이러한 변혁의 과정에서 수련과 윤리적 실천 등이 필요하다는 사유를 지속적으로 창출한다.

• 국제지역연구
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.395-420
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 탄자니아의 스와힐리 정체성이 국가정체성과 동일시되는 포용적 성격을 지니고 있다는 관점에서 출발한다. 탄자니아에서 국가정체성은 하위민족정체성에 우선한다. 따라서 탄자니아 내부의 다양한 하위민족정체성은 '탄자니아인' 또는 '스와힐리인'과 동일시된다. 이는 탄자니아 국민이 아닌 외부 이주민의 경우에도 해당된다. 본 논문에서는 이처럼 탄자니아에 이주 정착한 비 스와힐리 인이 문화 모방과 사회적 담론을 통해 스와힐리 정체재생산하는 과정을 살펴보는데 목적을 둔다. 이를 통해 본 논문에서는 스와힐리 사회가 역사적으로 단일정체성 형성을 허락하지 않았다는 관점에서 그 동안 학계의 중론이었던 스와힐리 단일기원설을 비판한다. 이와 함께 스와힐리 사회는 끊임없는 민족이동과 문화교류를 통해 점진적으로 형성되어 온 복합사회이며 다층적 담론을 통해 스와힐리 정체성이 형성되어 왔다는 점을 살펴본다.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제11권
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• pp.143-173
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• 1984

This study has been done to review the historical development of the cataloging system of books with emphasis on those in England and the U. S. The findings can be summarized as follows: (1) In 1844, Sir Panizzi invented what seems to be the first of its kind in history to list the inventory systematically at the British Museum. It is believed to be a complete system consisting of 91 articles. (2) A comparatively systematic system was developed in America by Jewett. in 1852. Composed of only 39 articles, the system is considered a renovative one worked out with due regard to the infrastructure of a library. (3) In 1876, a classic system based on a lexicographical order was set up by Cutter. Rated as the best one that was designed by an individual, the theory has since exercised widespreading effects on cataloging. (4) American and British library scientists collaborated in printing several editions of numerous volumes on the principles of classification, but they are not believed fully successful in establishing a consistent and compressive system. Their efforts found significance rather in their being the first international collaboration and setting a foundation upon which the international system of today has been developed. (5) The ALA Rule, published concurrently in ALA and LC in 1949, had two parts in its classification, the list of authors and that of titles. Its scientific classification has completed the cataloging of books in its developmental stage. (6) The 1967 American-British Rules integrated the cataloging systems published under separate covers by authors and titles. The system as well as the 1961 Paris System has greatly contributed to the standardization of bibliographical description throughout the English-speaking countries. The International Standard Book Description standardized Bibliographic system has enabled the librarians in different countries to exchange their bibliographical sources easily, helped to overcome the language barrier in listing and contributed to the efficient reading of bibliographical records through machines. (7) The second edition of the Angelo-American cataloging Rules, promulgated in 1978 under the influence of the international standard bibliographical description, was the one in which all the previous Rules were revised to have their strong points. The adoption of punctuation system to employ the computerized data processing and the standardization of description are expected to improve the cataloging system not only in the English speaking countries but in the Universal Bibliographic Control as well.