• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.339-350
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• 2005

This study is the quasi-experimental study on the gait training rehabilitation. The purpose of this study is to prepare the baseline data for most suitable of gait while we were scrutinizing how the walking characters, functional walking ability, gait quality of stroke patients were affected by the gait on BWSTT (Body Weight Supported Treadmill Training) through the change of treadmill velocity and body weight support. To accomplish this purpose, this study used thirty subjects, more than 3 months post stroke, for rehabilitation who were divided between two gait training groups they received the neurophysiological physical therapy. For 6 weeks, 5 times a week for 15 minutes per session, the BWSTT group participated in 30 sessions structured speed-dependent treadmill training with 30% body weight supported, and the ratio of body weight support was gradually decreased as the patients advanced the capability of more self-support. The OGT(Over Ground Training) group received the same quantity of equal sessions like BWSTT. Firstly, we measured the absolute improvement of walking velocity (m/s), capacity(min/m) and cadence(steps/min) among walking characters. Secondly, we measured the functional walking ability such as Functional Ambulatory Category(FAC, score out of 5), Modified Motor Assesment Scale(MMAS, score out of 6) and Gait Quality Chart(score out of 41). Data analysis was performed with using SPSS 10.0 win program. The descriptive analysis was used to obtain average and standard deviation. The independent t-test and the paired t-test were used to compare both the groups about pre and post training test. Treatment effects were established by pre and post assessment. Subjects tolerated the training well without side-effects. Therefore, the results of this study were as follows; 1. There was a more significant difference from the improvement of walking velocity(0.09m/s), endurance(4.53min/m), cadence(4.20steps/min), FAC(0.26score), MMAS(0.33 score) and hip joint and pelvic of gait quality(0.39 score) ever before in the BWSTT group(p<.05). 2. There was a more significant increase from the walking velocity(0.01m/s) in the OGT group(p<.05). 3. There was a more statistical significant increase from comparing the average of walking velocity in both groups ever before(0.42m/s in BWSTT group and 0.31m/s in OGT group)(p<.05). There was a statistical significant difference from the average of cadence in both groups(61.87step/min in BWSTT group and 3.60steps/min in OGT group)(p<.05). As we can see from above, the findings suggest that BWSTT may be more effective than the OGT for improving some gait parameters such as gait velocity and cadency. This conclusion also suggest that BWSTT is more effective for the improvement of gait of stroke patients.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.165-176
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• 2011

The femoral nerve innervates the quadriceps muscles and its dermatome supplies anteromedial thigh and medial foot. Paralysis of the quadriceps muscles due to the injury of the femoral nerve results in disability of the knee joint extension and loss of sensory of the thigh. A child could walk independently even though he had injured his femoral nerve severely due to the penetrating wound in the medial thigh. We measured and analyzed his gait performance in order to find the mechanisms that enabled him to walk independently. The child was eleven-year-old boy and he could not extend his knee voluntarily at all during a month after the injury. His gait analysis was performed five times (GA1~GA5) for sixteen months. His temporal-spatial parameters were not significantly different after the GA2 or GA3 test, and significant asymmetry was not observed except the single support time in GA1 results. The Lower limb joint angles in affected side had large differences in GA1 compared with the normal normative patterns. There were little knee joint flexion and extension motion during the stance phase in GA1 The maximum ankle plantar/dorsi flexion angles and the maximum knee extension angles were different from the normal values in the sound side. Asymmetries of the joint angles were analyzed by using the peak values. Significant asymmetries were found in GA1with seven parameters (ankle: peak planter flexion angle in stance phase, range of motion; ROM, knee: peak flexion angles during both stance and swing phase, ROM, hip: peak extension angle, ROM) while only two parameters (maximum hip extension angle and ROM of hip joint) had significant differences in GA5. The mid-stance valleys were not observed in both right and left sides of vertical ground reaction force (GRF) in the GA1, GA2. The loading response peak was far larger than the terminal stance peak of vertical ground reaction curve in the affected side of the GA3, GA4, GA5. The measured joint moment curves of the GA1, GA2, GA3 had large deviations and all of kinetic results had differences with the normal patterns. EMG signals described an absence of the rectus femoris muscle activity in the GA1 and GA2 (affected side). The EMG signals were detected in the GA3 and GA4 but their patterns were not normal yet, then their normal patterns were detected in the GA5. Through these following gait analysis of a child who had selective injuries on the knee extensor muscles, we could verify the actual functions of the knee extensor muscles during gait, and we also could observe his recovery and asymmetry with quantitative data during his rehabilitation.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.75-87
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• 2016

Objectives : This study aims to classify and analyze literature related to moire topography, as a diagnostic device of Korean medicine, discuss research trends and major results, and demonstrate the value of moire topography. Methods : To investigate moire topography research trends, Korean keywords that signify 'moire' were searched in a Korean journal search engine. Initially, 2,988 papers were found in the research, and, after classifying them and removing those that are duplicate in other databases, only 37 papers were applicable for the literature review in this study. To analyze research trends, the 37 papers were analyzed based on the publication year, research field, journal, and research type, and, clinical articles were classified based on the diagnosis purpose, subject characteristics, diagnosis method, test method, and test result, for analysis. Results : Moire topography research in South Korea was first conducted in 1995 and most active in 2003, mostly in the field of Korean medicine. In the journal analysis, The Journal of Korea CHUNA Manual Medicine for Spine & Nerves published the highest number of papers, most of which were clinical articles and the rest were literature review. And, in the analysis of clinical papers, based on the diagnosis purpose, muscle somatotype measurement was most common, followed by diagnosis of scoliosis. In terms of subjects, most studies focused on elementary, middle, and high school students, and, in terms of the diagnosis method, other tests were used in most studies. The analysis of moire topography methods showed that most studies measured the shoulder, back, and hip, and the most common measurement method in the studies measured the difference in contour lines on the left and right by designating a central line of the body. In terms of the result, most moire topography brought about significant diagnosis results, and many studies demonstrated its use for musculoskeletal diseases in particular. Conclusions : Moire topography is believed to be highly significant for diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal diseases and further research will be needed to support it.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.223-231
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• 2014

Humanoid robot is the most suitable robot platform for effective human interaction and various intelligent services. The present work addresses development of real time wireless control application of humanoid robot's forward and backward walks, and turning in walking. For convenience of human users, the application is developed on Android OS (Operating System) working on his or her smartphone. To this end, theoretic background on various-directional biped walking is proposed based on joint trajectories for forward walking, which have been shaped with a global optimization method. In this paper, backward walking is scheduled by interchange of angles and angular velocities and additional change of signs in angular velocities at all the via-points connecting cubic polynomial trajectories. Turning direction in walking is also implemented by activating the transversal hip joint initially located in the support leg in two stages. After validation of the proposed walking schemes with Matlab simulator, a smartphone application for the omnidirectional walking has been developed to control a humanoid robot platform named DARwIn-OP interconnected via Wi-Fi. Experiment result of the present wireless control of a humanoid robot with smartphone is successful, and the application will be released in application market near future.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2010

Background The length of the second digit (the index finger) relative to the length of the fourth digit (the ring finger) is sexually dimorphic as males have a lower second to fourth digit ratio (2D:4D). There is evidence that sex differences in 2D:4D arise from in utero concentrations of sex steroids, with a low 2D:4D (male typical ratio) being positively related to prenatal testosterone, while a high 2D:4D (female typical ratio) is positively associated with prenatal oestrogen Objective To investigate possible associations between 2D:4D ratio and sexually dimorphic body composition Methods 2D:4D ratio, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, waist-hip ratio (WHR), weight, and body fat percentage was measured from 46 men and 20 women Results Digit ratio was found to be significantly lower in men than in women. No significant correlation between 2D:4D ratio and body compositions was found for both men and women while digit ratio in obese men was significantly higher than normal weight men. Conclusion This finding dose not support the significant correlation between digit ratio and sexually dimorphic body composition. However digit ratio in obese men was significantly higher than normal weight men.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.117-120
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• 1992

본 통증치료실에서 요통 및 하지 방사통을 호소하는 30세된 남자환자를 보통 시행하는 횟수 보다 많은 경막외강내 스테로이드 주입중에 발생한 양측 무혈성 골두괴사를 경험하였다. 물론 이 환자는 약국이나 한약방 등에서 약명미상의 약물을 경구투여받고 있었으므로 그것(혹시 스테로이드)으로 인한 원인인지 혹은 단순히 경막외강으로 주입된 스테로이드로 인한것인지는 분명하지 않다. 그러나 최근 피부과 질환으로 인한 스테로이드의 장기복용 및 도포로 무혈성 대퇴골두괴사가 종종 보고되고 있으므로 그 원인일수도 있다는 가정하에 통증치료실에 근무하는 종사자들의 주의를 요하는 뜻에서 이 증례를 보고하는 바이다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제29권9호
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• pp.991-1002
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• 1996

The objectives of this study were to obtain normative data for 45 mother-daughter pairs on spine, femur(neck, ward's triangle, trochanter) and total body BMD (bone mineral density) measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, anthropometric measurement, body composition, biochemical markers, nutrient intakes and energy expenditure, to determin the interrelations of these factors within each group, to measure familial resemblance for each variable. We observed significantly positive correlations between height, weight, head, hip and calf circumferences, tricep, femur and calf skinfold thickness, total lean body mass(=weight-total fat body mass-bone mineral content), protein and fat intakes, Ca index, serum total protein and albumin of monter-daughter pairs(p<.05-p<.001). Among mothers, age, osteocalcin, higher, weight, Ca and energy intakes were predictors of BMDs. Among daughters, weight and energy intake were predictors of BMDs. The BMD in lumbar spine(r=.48, p<.01), femoral neck(r=.38, p<.05), ward's triangle(r=.36, p<.05) of the mothers were significantly correlated with those of the daughters, after adjustment for mother's age, hight, weight, osteocalcin, Ca and energy intakes and daughter's weight, energy intake. In regression analyses, mother's BMD also were positively associated with daughter's BMD in lumbar spine, femoral neck, ward's triangle. Our findings support that mothers with low BMD tended to have daughters with low BMD. In the age groups studied, as well genetic factors as environmental factors may have an important role in determining BMD. This study suggests that women may successfully enhance their genetically determined BMD through adequate nutrient intakes and weight bearing exercise.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.499-508
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• 2009

본 연구의 목적은 필드하키 페널티 코너 시 고등학교 선수와 국가대표 선수간의 플릭 슈팅 동작을 비교 분석하여 페널티 코너 지도 시 운동학적 지침을 제시하는 것이다. 이러한 목적을 위하여 전문 슈터 남자 고등학교 선수 5명과 국가대표 선수 6명을 피험자로 선정하여 페널티 코너 시 플릭 슈팅 동작을 비교 분석하였다. 국가 대표 선수들은 고등학교 선수에 비하여 스틱헤드 속도와 볼 속도가 빠른 것으로 나타났다. 국가 대표 선수들은 고등학교 선수에 비하여 스틱으로 볼을 캐치하는 단계에서 오른발을 볼보다 앞쪽에 많이 내딛고, 볼을 앞쪽으로 길게 드래그하여 목표 방향으로 빠르게 보내고 있다. 고등학교 선수들은 국가대표 선수들에 비하여 볼을 캐치하는 단계에서 어깨의 각속도와 손목의 각속도 변화가 크고 동작 시간도 짧게 나타났다. 국가 대표 선수들은 신체 무게 중심의 상하편차가 적으며 폴로스루 단계에서도 릴리즈 단계의 몸 숙임 각도를 일정하게 유지하였으며 릴리즈 시점에서는 손과 전완의 각운동량이 고등학교 선수에 비하여 큰 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.193-211
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• 1997

The study was designed to gain necessary basic data in order to grasp the health knowledge, attitude, and practice level of students and teachers of elementary, middle and high schools. This study was conducted through interviews of 3,400 students and 1,022 teachers attending 14 different schools large, middle and small cities and rural towns during a period of nine months (from Oct. 2 1995 to Jun. 30 1996). By the results of this study, the recommendations can be summarized as follows: 1. A school health development committee should be established of 10 members: school health related teachers (physical trainers, nurses, and teachers in charge of health), parents, persons related to health administration, local medical doctors, and student reprensentatives in order to support and immplement school health development plans. 2. Like advanced countries, a health class of 2~4 hours should beplaced in middle and high schools. A nurse majoring in health from a university should be the teacher. 3. A curriculum of health should contain the following: education on health, sex, alcohol, tabacco, the misuse of the drugs, the structure and function of human body, the growth of the body, mental health, safety and emergency care, the prevention of disease, proper eating habits and nutrition, daily health life, family health education, society health, community health, environmental pollution and individual responsibility. 4. Create a school health promotion center, with a nurse's office, and a sports center which has health machines (bars, aerobics, training, twist machine, belt massage, running machine, bench press, chest waist, hack hip extension machine) as well as a physical strength measuring machine (muscular strength, alertness, flexibility, endurance, lung functions and so on), so that the teaching staff and students can use them and train their bodies. 5. Through a refresher education program, urge teachers to understand school health promotion services. 6. Regulate a standard and establish a system of monitoring the physical enviroment of the school (the height of desks and chairs, illumination facilities, ventilation facilities, safe drinking water). 7. Create a check list of health to evaluate improvement.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.7-17
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the involved lower limb weight bearing training on symmetrical weight supporting rate improvement and gait characteristics of patients with hemiplegia including their gait velocity, cadence, stride length, step length of the non affected side, step length of the affected side, foot angle of the non affected side, foot angle of the affected side, base of support, and so on. The subject of the study was 28 men and women patients with hemiplegia from 22 to 77 age, among patients who doctor diagnosed as hemiplegia due to stroke or traumatic brain injury, were possible to do independent gait more than 45m without others assistance, the flexion contracture of hip pint was less than $15^{\circ}$, did not have contracture for knee pint and one more than $5^{\circ}$ for ankle joint, did not have contraindication for exercise or gait did not show visual defect due to brain injury. The patients, the subject of the study, were classified into 14 patients of treatment. group applying continuous involved weight bearing with general therapeutic exercise and 14 patients of control group applying general therapeutic exercise, and then analyzed their gait before and after exercise. Temporal distance gait analysis(Boening, 1977) was used to analyze their gait, and ink foot-print was applied as one of measurement methods. However, it was statistically signifiant in the change rate(%) of gait characteristics, and treatment group's patients with hemiplegia had been highly changed in gait characteristics in comparison with control group. From the above-mentioned results, could find that continuous involved weight bearing training for patients with hemiplegia was effective to improve their gait ability and it could increase the ability in comparison with general exercise.