• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.125-132
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• 2014

PURPOSE: This study aims to determine the optimal knee joint angle and hip joint angle for minimizing the cervical muscle tension and maximizing the muscle activity of the trunk during the bridging exercise for trunk stabilization. METHODS: The bridging exercise in this study included seven forms of exercise: having a knee joint flexion angle of $120^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$ and hip joint abduction angle of $15^{\circ}$, $10^{\circ}$, $5^{\circ}$. The posture of the bridging exercise was as follows. To prevent the increase of hyper lumbar lordosis during the bridging exercise, the exercise was practiced after maintaining the lumbar neutral position through the pelvic posterior tilting exercise. RESULTS: The abduction angles did not result in statistically significant effects on the cervical erector, external oblique, rectus abdominis and erector spinae muscles. However, in relation to the knee joint angles, during the bridging exercise, statistically significant results were exhibited. CONCLUSION: The knee joint angle affected the muscle activity of the neck muscle. The greater the knee joint angle, the lower the load placed on the neck muscle. In contrast, the load increased as the knee joint angle decreased. In addition, the muscle activity of the neck muscle and trunk muscle increased as the knee joint angle decreased.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of changing the steps height on the joint moment of lower extremity in stair-descent activity of elderly persons. Data were collected by 3-D cinematography and force platform. 9 male elderly subjects in the 60s and 70s participated in this study. All subjects performed a stair-descent in four different heights of stairs (10, 14, 18, 22cm) having 5 step staircase. The results were as follows. 1. For the step height of 22cm the maximum. plantarflexion moment was the smallest and the largest for the step height of 14cm. 2. There was not a statistical difference shown for the extension moment of the knee joint for the different height of steps. 3. There was not a statistical difference shown for the flexion moment of the hip joint for the varying height of steps but on average for the 18cm step this increased rapidly. 4. The smallest maximum. value for inversion moment was revealed for the step height of 10cm and this increased significantly for the step height of 22cm. 5. The smallest maximum. value for abduction moment of the hip joint was revealed for the step height of 10cm and this increased significantly for the step height of 22cm. 6. There was no significant difference shown for the maximum. abduction moment for the hip joint. The main conclusion is that there is a huge difference in the moment of the lower extremities for the elderly while walking down a stairs with a step height above 18 cm and that this moment increased or decreased rapidly under a condition of step height being 22cm. With the results from this research and related research of elderly walking upstairs it can be shown that the step height has a large role in the safety for the elderly.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.145-151
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• 2006

A large interindividual variability and some abnormally kinematic patterns at the lower extremity were the main features of the gait in children with Down syndrome. The purposes of this study were to investigate the gait asymmetry and biomechanical difference between dominant leg and non dominant leg in children with Down syndrome. Seven boys with Down Syndrome(age: $120{\pm}0.9yrs$, weight $34.4{\pm}8.4kg$, leg length: $68.7{\pm}5.0cm$) participated in this study. A 10.0 m ${\times}$ 1.3 m walkway with a firm dark surface was built and used for data collection. Three-dimensional motion analyses were performed to obtain the joint angles and range of motions. The vertical ground reaction forces(%BW) and impulses($%BW{\cdot}s$) were measured by two force plates embedded in the walkway. Asymmetry indices between the legs were computed for all variables. After decision the dominant leg and the non dominant leg with max hip abduction angle, paired samples t-test was employed for selected kinematic and ground reaction force variables to analyze the differences between the dominant leg and the non dominant leg. The max hip abduction angle during the swing phase showed most asymmetry, while the knee flexion angle at initial contact showed most symmetry in walking and running. The dominant leg showed more excessive abduction of hip in the swing phase and more flat-footed contact than the non dominant leg. Vertical peak force in running showed more larger than those of in walking, however, vertical impulse showed more small than walking due to decrease of support time. In conclusion, the foot of dominant leg contact more carefully than those of non dominant leg. And also, there are no significant difference between the dominant leg and the non dominant leg in kinematic variables and ground reaction force due to large interindividual variability.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.91-100
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• 2018

Purpose : The study investigated the effects of Pilates exercise on strengthening trunk muscles of females who perform such exercise for the purpose of comparing activation of trunk muscles that contact while performing Pilates motions between females with or without at least 8 weeks of Pilates experience. Methods : The study investigated 10 females with at least 8 weeks of Pilates experience in the past 6 months (experienced group) and 10 healthy females without Pilates experience (non-experienced group). The study used basic Pilates postures involving hip abduction, lift, and leg swing motions as the measurement postures in comparing the activation of muscles used for stabilization, such as the rectus abdominis, external oblique abdominal, and transverse abdominis & internal oblique abdominal muscles. Surface electromyography was used for measuring muscle activation, and the measurements targeted activation of the rectus abdominis, external oblique abdominal, transversus abdominis, and internal oblique abdominal muscles. Results : The study results showed that, as compared to the non-experienced group, the experienced group had significantly higher muscle activation in the transverse abdominis and internal oblique abdominal muscles during hip abduction (p<.05) and significantly higher muscle activation in the rectus abdominis, external oblique abdominal, and transverse abdominis & internal oblique abdominal muscles during lift and leg swing motions (p<.05). Conclusion : Pilates exercise performed over a long period can be recommended as an effective exercise method that can increase the activation of trunk muscle, and especially, repeated performance of highly difficult motions can increase muscle activation even more, which can help promote spinal stabilization, prevent pain, and improve performance of activities of daily living.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2021

PURPOSE: The current case study focuses on identifying the effects of the independent application of TECAR therapy and physiotherapeutic intervention using TECAR therapy on pain self-awareness and hip joint function in patients with hip impingement syndrome caused by nonstructural changes. Subjects: The research subject was a 34-year-old woman struggling with acute pain in her left hip, difficulty in actively moving the hip, and a problem in its overall function. METHODS: The subject's pain awareness and hip joint function were measured using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and passive range of motion (PROM), respectively. The experimental intervention was carried out in 24 sessions of 16 minutes each, three times a week, for eight weeks. RESULTS: The VAS score decreased to 0 cm on the post-test from 4.3 cm, 6.5 cm, and 7.2 cm in the pre-test at the rest, standing, and gait positions, respectively. The index of PROM measured hip joint flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal rotation, external rotation, and passive straight leg raise. The values increased to 122.5°, 24.5°, 78°, 33°, 65°, 42°, and 96.5° in the post-test compared to 88.5°, 15°, 39°, 21.5°, 23°, 22°, and 46.5° in the pre-test, respectively. CONCLUSION: TECAR therapy and physiotherapeutic intervention using TECAR can help reduce pain and enhance the hip joint function in patients with hip impingement syndrome.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.177-185
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• 2022

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of additional isometric contraction of trunk, shoulder, and hip muscles during abdominal crunch exercise on abdominal muscle thickness and to identify the most effective intervention for core muscle activation. Methods : This study was conducted on 22 healthy male adults. Subjects performed three types of crunch exercises (abdominal crunches accompanied by internal and external isometric rotation of the hip, horizontal shoulder adduction and abduction, and rotation of the trunk). The thickness of the transverse abdominis (TrA), internal oblique (IO), and external oblique (EO) were evaluated using ultrasonography. The collected data used one-way repeated ANOVA statistics. Wilcoxon signed-rank test of nonparametric statistics was used for post-test analysis. Results : The IO thickness was significantly lower than general abdominal crunch when shoulder adduction was added (p<.05). The crunch with shoulder abduction, hip external rotation, and ipsilateral trunk rotation was significantly higher than the abdominal crunch (p<.05). The EO thickness was significantly greater in the crunch with hip external rotation than in the abdominal crunch (p<.05). Conclusion : The level of contraction in abdominal muscles appears to vary when isometric contractions of the trunk, shoulder, and hip muscles are added to the abdominal crunch exercise. Therefore, the use of isometric contractions of other joints to selectively induce contraction of the abdominal muscles may be considered.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.147-150
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the reliability of unilateral hip abductor strength assessment in side-lying with break and make test in subjects with pelvic drop. Hip abduction muscles are very important in the hip joint structures. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate their strength in a reliable way. Methods: Twenty-five subjects participated in this study. Unilateral isometric hip abductor muscle strength was measured in side-lying, with use of a specialized tensiometer using smart KEMA system for make test, of a hand held dynamometer for break test. Coefficients of variation, and intra class correlation coefficients were calculated to determine test-retest reliability of hip abductor strength. Results: In make test, maximal hip abductor strength in the side-lying position was significantly higher compared with break test (p<0.05). Additionally, Test-retest reliability of hip abductor strength measurements in terms of coefficients of variation (3.7% for make test, 16.1% for break test) was better in the side-lying position with make test. All intraclass correlation coefficients with break test were lower than make test (0.90 for make test, 0.73 for break test). Conclusion: The side-lying body position with make test offers more reliable assessment of unilateral hip abductor strength than the same position with break test. Make test in side-lying can be recommended for reliable measurement of hip abductor strength in subjects with pelvic drop.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.15-26
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• 2000

Purpose : This study was done to examine the actual effect of the scapular position in these flexibility tests. The purpose of this study was to examine the differences between the measurement of SRT(Sit-and-Reach Test) without intentional abduction of the scapular (pre-test) and with intentional abduction of the scapular (post-test). The hypothesis is: 1. There is no differences in the SRT result of the pre-test and the post-test. 2. There is no differences in the HJA(Hip Joint Angle) result of the pre-test and the post-test. 3. There is no differences in the Spine Motion Test(SMT) result of the pre-test and the post-test. Method : The total 60 people (30 men, 30 women) were participated in this study. In the pre-test, the subjects were asked to sit on the examination table and try the SRT motion; and then the HJA, SRT and the SMT numerical values were taken. In the post-test. the subjects were instructed to intentionally bring the scapula outward from the midline; and the HJA, SRT and the SMT numerical values were taken. Result : In the pre-test. the SRT result averaged 34.17cm. and in the post-test. the SRT result averaged 36.68cm. The difference was about 2.81cm which showed a significant mean statistically (p<0.01). The measurement increased by 8.22%. The HJA was $85.9^{\circ}$ in pre-test, and it was $85.5^{\circ}$ in post-test. giving the $0.4^{\circ}$ differences. Therefore, it didn't have a statistical mean (p>0.05). The SMT value was 69.56cm in the pre-test. and it was 69.28cm in the post-test, about 0.28cm decreased. Therefore, it didn't have a statistical mean (p>0.05). SRT values and HJA values were correlated (p<0.01). SMT values and SRT values (p<0.01), and SMT values and HJA values(p<0.05) were each in counter correlation. Conclusion : The result of the SRT without intentional scapular abduction (34.17cm) and with intentional scapular abduction (36.68cm) showed a significant increase about 8.22% (p<0.01). In SRT, the effect of the intentional scapular abduction on SMT showed no significant means, the pretest value being 69.56cm and the post-test value being 69.28cm (p>0.05).

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.224-230
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• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 이마면에서 엉덩관절 위치에 따라 배근육들의 근활성도를 측정하여 비교함으로 이마면에서 엉덩관절의 위치가 배근육들의 근활성도에 영향을 미치는지 알아보는 것이다. 연구방법은 20대의 건강한 남녀 26명을 대상으로 엉덩관절 중립, 모음, 그리고 벌림 자세에 따라 교각운동을 하였을 때 표면 근전도 장비를 이용하여 양쪽 배곧은근과 배바깥빗근, 배속빗근의 근활성도를 비교하였다. 통계 방법은 반복측정 일요인 분산분석을 실시하였고, 유의수준은 0.05로 하였다. 연구 결과 배바깥빗근과 배속빗근은 이마면에서 엉덩관절 위치에 따라 유의한 차이가 있었고, 배곧은근은 유의한 차이가 없었다. 양쪽 배바깥빗근과 왼쪽 배속빗근은 엉덩관절 중립자세보다 엉덩관절 모음 자세에서 근활성도가 유의하게 증가하였으며 오른쪽 배속빗근은 엉덩관절 벌림 자세보다 엉덩관절 모음 자세에서 근활성도가 유의하게 증가하였다. 본 연구를 통해 엉덩관절 모음 자세가 다른 자세들에 비해 안정화 운동에 더욱 효과적일 수 있다는 것을 알 수 있었고, 안정화 운동 프로그램을 고안할 때 운동의 강도를 조절하기 위해 이마면에서 엉덩관절의 위치에 대한 요소를 적용할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제26권12호
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• pp.1739-1748
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• 2002

본 연구의 목적은 소방용 coverall의 디자인이 소방수들의 동작기능성에 어떤 영 향을 주는지에 관하여 고찰하여, 보다 기능적 인 coverall을 개발, 궁극적으로 작업자의 노동력을 향상시키고, 보다 안락한 환경 속에서 작업할 수 있도록 도와주는데에 있다. 미국 캔사스 지역의 전문 소방수를 대상으로, interview 및 video analysis를 통하여, 그들이 현재 사용하고 있는 current coverall의 동작기능면에서의 문제점을 조사, 분석한 후, 이를 바탕으로 prototype coverall을 개발하였다 prototype coverall의 동작기능성을 객관적으로 측정하기 위하여 10가지 실험동작(shoulder adduction/ abduction, shoulder flexion/extension, trunk flexion/extension(standing), hip flexion/extension(knee), hip flexion/extension(trunk), upper leg flexion, trunk lateral flexion, hip adduction, trunk flexion/ extension(sitting), upper leg flexion)을 선택하여 이의 관절각도(range-of-motion)를 Leighton flexometer, goniometer, computer-aided method를 이용하여 측정하였으며, 착용자의 주관적 평가를 위하여서는 23 항목의 wearer acceptability scale를 사용하였다. ANOVA(Analysis of Variance)와 LSD(Least Significant Difference)를 이용한 통계처리 결과, prototype coverall이 current coverall에 비해 동작기능성 (특히 crotch, torso, hip movement)에 있어서 우수함을 보이고 있다.