• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.111-119
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the mechanism and effect of moxa bucket moxibustion, to be used as the quantitative data through the measurement of temperature, and to grasp the thermodynamic characteristics of moxa bucket moxibustion. Methods : We have selected the moxa bucket moxibustion. We have made a comparative study of the thermodynamic characteristics of moxa bucket moxibustion. We have examined combustion times, temperatures, temperature gradients in each period during a combustion of moxa bucket moxibustion made by oak wood. Results : 1. We could design the moxa bucket moxibustion so that it has $57.6^{\circ}C$ maximum temperature with 7g weight and 10mm height, if we use more weight of moxa or lower height of moxa, we can observe relatively elevated maximum temperature. We observed the maximum temperature following the measuring position of moxa bucket and we could see higher temperature at the center of the moxa bucket and lower temperature at the side of the moxa bucket. 2. We could design the moxa bucket moxibustion with 5g moxa and 10mm height so that it has 0.12 $1^{\circ}C/sec$ of maximum temperature gradient, and it has relatively high temperature gradient at lower weight and height condition. 3. We could design the moxa bucket moxibustion with 7g moxa and 15mm height so that it has 4,135sec of the longest effective temperature combustion time. If we use more weight of moxa or higher height of moxa, we can observe relatively extended effective temperature combustion time. Conclusions : We observed the longest effective combustion time following the measuring position of moxa bucket. We can see a higher temperature at the center of the moxa bucket and a lower temperature at the side of the moxa bucket.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 1986

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of temperature control by a shade tree and the lawn area. In this investigation, we find out that artificial-lawn, concerte, and exposed soil are more higher temperature than covered with plant materials. The results of the measurement may to summerized as follows; 1) Low-temperature effects of zoysia japonica is more controlled by condition of growth than leaf length of grass. Surface temperature make 0.7$^{\circ}C$ difference between long grass (15cm), and short grass (5cm), but make 5$^{\circ}C$ difference between good growth grass (230/10$\textrm{cm}^2$) and bad growth grass (80/10$\textrm{cm}^2$). 2) The surface temperature of the lawn area is 40.5$^{\circ}C$ lower on a maxinum than that of the artificial lawn (July 28, 1985). During the day of summer, shade area under the shade tree is 0.9$^{\circ}C$ lower then lawn area surface temperature, 6.9$^{\circ}C$ lower than bad growth lawn, 10.3$^{\circ}C$ lower than exposed soil, and 18$^{\circ}C$ lower than concrete surface temperature. 3) Natural irrigation effect on the surface temperature fluctuation. But this effect is changed by compositions of ground materials and time-lapse. 4) Sunny day is more effective than cloud day. 5) In summer season, surface temperature make a difference compare to temperature of 0.5-1.5m height from ground : Surface temperature is 3.4$^{\circ}C$ lower at the lawn area (11 a.m.), 4.2$^{\circ}C$ lower at the shade area the shade tree, 12.7$^{\circ}C$ higher at the concrete area (3p.m.), 38.8$^{\circ}C$ higher at the artificial lawn (2p.m.) 6) According to compositions of ground materials and season have specific vertical temperature distribution curve. 7) In summer season, temperature distribution of 0.5-1.5m hight at the shade tree is 4.8-5.7$^{\circ}C$ lower than concrete area (noon-3p.m.)

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.80-87
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• 2003

본 연구는 목재파레트폐잔재 파티클과 페놀수지(고형분함량 50%, 함지율 30%) 및 점토를 사용하여 3층 점토목질파티클보드를 제조하고 소정의 탄화온도(400℃, 600℃, 800℃)에서 탄화하여 Clay-Woodceramics를 제조한 후 물리·기계적성질을 검토하였다. 점토의 효과를 구명하기 위하여 전건파티클중량의 10%, 20%, 30%를 첨가하였으며 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. Clay-Woodceramics의 탄화수율은 탄화온도가 높을수록 감소하였고, 폭 및 두께 수축율은 증가하였다. 그러나 Clay첨가량이 많을수록 탄화수율은 증가하였으며 폭 및 두께 수축율은 감소하였다. 2. Clay-Woodceramics의 비중은 탄화온도가 높을수록 증가하며, 흡습율도 증가하였다. Clay의 첨가량이 많을수록 같은 온도조건에서 높은 비중을 나타냈으며, 흡습율은 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 그러나 흡수율은 제조조건에 따른 통계적인 차이가 없었다. 3. 탄화온도가 높아짐에 따라 Clay-Woodceramics의 휨강도 및 휨탄성계수는 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다.

• E2M - 전기 전자와 첨단 소재
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.277-283
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• 1996

The temperature dependent characteristics of hydrogenerated amorphous silcon thin film transistor (a-Si:H TFT) with a bottom gate of N-Type <100> Si wafer were investigated. Drain current on the hysteresis characteristic curve showed an exponential variation. Hysteresis area of TFT increased with the gate voltage increased and decreased with the small gate voltage. According to the variation of gate voltages, drain current of TFT increased by temperature increase, and hysteresis characteristics mainly depended on the temperature increase. The hysteresis current showed negative characteristics curve over 383K. The hysteresis occurance area and the differences of forward and reverse sweep were increased at the higher temperature. Hysteresis current of I$_{d}$(on/off) ratio decreased at the lower temperature and increased at the higher temperature.e.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.137-151
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• 1994

In order to evaluate objectively the anxiety level in dental treatment, the author used Biotrainer(BF-120R), one of the skin temperature biofeedback apparatus, to examine 68 dental outpatients on their digital skin temperature change due to routine consecutive dental procedures(oral examination, anesthetic injection, cavity preparation, fissure sealing, polishing). The subjective anxiety level change was also evaluated by visual analog scale. The obtained results were as follows : 1. The skin temperature decreased through consecutive procedures and the temperature in each procedure decreased until 60sec, and then increased on 120sec. 2. The temperature changes in Preparation and Injection were greater than those in other procedures. 3. Generally, male exhibited more change of skin temperature in all procedures than female. 4. Type II, continuously decreasing after procedure, occupied the most in all patients and yhad the lowest beseline temperature. 5. The anxiety level of before-procedure was higher than that of after-procedure and the levels in Injection and Preparation were higher than in other procedures.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.547-555
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• 1995

Melting process of ice in a rectangular cavity with different temperature walls has been studied experimentally. Front shape of ice and melting rate were affected by initial temperature of ice and variation of temperature distribution and density gradient. When the hot wall temperature was below $8^{\circ}C$, the melting rates were higher at the bottom than those of at the top due to the density inversion, but with increasing the hot wall temperature the melting rates at the top were affected by hot wall and were higher than those of at the bottom. When the initial temperature of ice was low, melting rates were low, but with increasing the time melting rates were almost the same with those of each initial temperature of ice.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.242-249
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate two different kinds of socks on physiological responses at an ambient temperature of 35$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$ and relative humidity of 50$\pm$5% Five healthy women wearing normal socks or toes socks participated as the subjects. Rectal temperature skin temperatures sweat rate blood pressure pulse rate and questionnaire wee measured. Rectal temperature skin temperature sweat rate blood pressure pulse rate and questionnaire were measured. Rectal temperature and mean skin temperature were lower after exercise at wearing toes socks . Sweat rate was higher at wearing normal socks and blood pressure and pulse rate were tend to higher at wearing toes socks. Thermal comfort temperature sensation and humidity sensation were better wearing toes socks. Thermal comfort temperature sensation and humidity sensation were better wearing toes socks than wearing normal socks but wearing comfort was better at wearing normal socks. These results will be discussed form the viewpoint of thermoregulation AVA(Arterio venous Anastomosis) and count current heat exchange.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.307-314
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• 1998

The response of water stree under high and low temperatures, was shown differently according to the longer the suspension period of water supply. Leaf photosynthetic rate(LPS), leaf water potential(WP), relative leaf water content and relative soil water content were lower. At the higher temperatures, the percentate of reduction in LPS and WP was greater than at low temperatures. It is suggested that evaporation rate should be higher in the high temperature than the lower temperature. Also leaf water potential was lower at high temperature than at low temperature. After the 9 th day of treatment , LSP was remarkably reduced at high temperature, but the reduction of LPS was not significant at low temperature. Solidago virga-aurea var. asiatic that maintained LPS of 3rd day after treatment was more strong than other varieties at low temperatures. The silting and curling of leaves were observed symptoms of stress on the 9th day at the both temperatures. The leaves of aster scaber and Ligularia fischeri turned red on the 9th day after treatment at low temperature.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.314-324
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the thermoregulatory response level on the heat and cold tolerance with investigating monthly changes of skin temperature in Koreans and to obtain the basal information for standard amount of clothing weight, indoor climate and working condition. Forty eight subjects in 5 age groups (6~11, 12~19, 20~44, 45~64, 65~76 years old) with both sexs were taken from Seoul and Kyunggi probince. All subjects were measured skin temperature, mean skin temperature, Total clothing weight in neutral condition in each month from June 1994 to May 1995. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Skin temperature of all subjects was low on February, March and April, and was high on June, July and August. Temperatures of the torso (forehead and abdomen) and the lower limbs (leg and foot) were remarkably different. In general, most of skin temperatures except of hand, thigh and foot were higher in males. 2. Mean skin temperature was 0.5'c higher in males than female with ranging 32.5~34.5$^{\circ}C$ in males and 32.1~34.1$^{\circ}C$ in females. Also, mean skin temperature of 6~11 age group were higher than that of 45~ 64 age group in both sexs.

• 한국연소학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.30-37
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• 2010

Carbonization characteristics of Indonesian bamboos were investigated using lab-scale tube furnace, in order to find optimum design temperature of a carbonizer for producing bamboo charcoal and vinegar. The bamboo samples used in this study are local bamboos from Damyang in Korea, Andong and Petung in Indonesia. Correlation of electric resistance, specific surface area and pH of bamboo vinegar with pyrolysis temperature has been investigated. Electric resistance of the charcoal increased for higher pyrolysis temperature the specific surface area was also increased as carbonization temperature got higher. Charcoal which has specific surface area of over $300\;m^2/g$ could be produced at $700^{\circ}C$. pH of bamboo vinegar was decreased for highter carbonization temperature and vinegar under pH 3 could be produced for all bamboo samples. In this experimental condition, it was found that lower carbonization temperature is better for producing bamboo vinegar of high quality, while higher temperature is better for obtaining bamboo charcoal with larger surface.