• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.62-67
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of deep neural network model in order to determine whether there is a risk factor for coronary artery disease based on the cardiac variation parameter. The study used unidentifiable 297 data to evaluate the performance of the model. Input data consists of heart rate parameters, which are SDNN (standard deviation of the N-N intervals), PSI (physical stress index), TP (total power), VLF (very low frequency), LF (low frequency), HF (high frequency), RMSSD (root mean square of successive difference) APEN (approximate entropy) and SRD (successive R-R interval difference), the age group and sex. Output data are divided into normal and patient groups, and the patient group consists of those diagnosed with diabetes, high blood pressure, and hyperlipidemia among the various risk factors that can cause coronary artery disease. Based on this, a binary classification model was applied using Deep Neural Network of deep learning techniques to classify normal and patient groups efficiently. To evaluate the effectiveness of the model used in this study, Kernel SVM (support vector machine), one of the classification models in machine learning, was compared and evaluated using same data. The results showed that the accuracy of the proposed deep neural network was train set 91.79% and test set 85.56% and the specificity was 87.04% and the sensitivity was 83.33% from the point of diagnosis. These results suggest that deep learning is more efficient when classifying these medical data because the train set accuracy in the deep neural network was 7.73% higher than the comparative model Kernel SVM.

• Journal of Korean Traditional Oncology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 2019

Objectives : We investigated whether a single center nutrition screening tool (Kyunghee Neo Nutrition Risk Screening, KNNRS) can predict survival in patients with metastatic cancer. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed data of inpatients with metastatic cancer from April 2016 to August 2019. Data on demographic and clinical parameters were collected from electronic medical records, and overall survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Stepwise Cox regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with survival. Patients with a KNNRS score of 0 to 3 were classified as "no-risk", 4 to 10 as "low-risk", and 11 to 20 as "high-risk". Results : Total 105 patients were included in the study. According to nutritional screening at baseline, 25 patients (23.8%, median age 57.0) were classified as ""no risk"" group; 80 patients (76.2%, median age 68.5) as "low risk" group; No patients as "high risk" group. Predictors of survival were Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status score of 3 or 4 (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.93; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.21-3.10), hemoglobin less than 10 g/dL (HR = 1.97; 95% CI = 1.25-3.10) and C-reactive protein more than 1.0 mg/dL (HR = 1.95; 95% CI = 1.21-3.13). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed significant differences in the survival between KNNRS groups: ""no risk"" group: 6.1 ± 1.4 months (95% CI = 3.37-8.83); ""low risk"" group: 3.4 ± 0.9 months (95% CI = 1.5-5.37). Conclusions : Nutritional status according to KNNRS wasn't significant predictor of survival for patients with metastatic cancer. Improvement of KNNRS score thresholds is needed.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.64 no.2
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• pp.297-308
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• 2021

Objective : Shunt infection is a common complication while treating hydrocephalus. The antibiotic-impregnated shunt catheter (AISC) was designed to reduce shunt infection rate. A meta-analysis was conducted to study the effectiveness of AISCs in reduction of shunt infection in terms of age, follow-up time and high-risk patient population. Methods : This study reviewed literature from three databases including PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library (from 2000 to March 2019). Clinical studies from controlled trials for shunt operation were included in this analysis. A subgroup analysis was performed based on the patient's age, follow-up time and high-risk population. The fixed effect in RevMan 5.3 software (Cochrane Collaboration) was used for this meta-analysis. Results : This study included 19 controlled clinical trials including 10105 operations. The analysis demonstrated that AISC could reduce the infection rate in shunt surgery compared to standard shunt catheter (non-AISC) from 8.13% to 4.09% (odds ratio [OR], 0.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.40-0.58; p=0.01; I2=46%). Subgroup analysis of different age groups showed that AISC had significant antimicrobial effects in all three groups (adult, infant, and adolescent). Follow-up time analysis showed that AISC was effective in preventing early shunt infections (within 6 months after implant). AISC is more effective in high-risk population (OR, 0.24;95% CI, 0.14-0.40; p=0.60; I2=0%) than in general patient population. Conclusion : The results of meta-analysis indicated that AISC is an effective method for reducing shunt infection. We recommend that AISC should be considered for use in infants and high-risk groups. For adult patients, the choice for AISC could be determined based on the treatment cost.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.170-181
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• 2011

Purpose: There is considerable variability in rates of hospitalization for patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in part because of physicians' uncertainty in assessing the severity of illness at presentation. The purpose of the study was to examine the current treatment patterns and factors influencing the Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI) and clinical outcomes in the patient with CAP. Method: The retrospective data collection of the patients with CAP was conducted and the data were reviewed. The collected data included demographic, clinical, laboratory and microbiological medical information. All patients were stratified into three risk groups according to PSI: low risk (PSI score I-II), moderate risk (III) and high risk (IV-V) groups. The examined treatment patterns were the appropriateness of admissions, category of antibiotics used. The prognostic factors associated with PSI and clinical outcomes were examined. Results: One hundred and six patients' medical data were reviewed. The overall appropriateness of admissions was low presenting many of patients were admitted or intensely treated in the hospital despite of lower risk of prognosis and treated with intravenous antibiotics instead of oral fluoroquinolones. Primary pneumonia pathogens were Klebsiella pneumoniae (27%) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (21.6%). Mean LOS was 8.5 days and was significantly longer (10.0days) (p<0.001) in high risk group. The patients with age >65 (p<0.001), diabetes mellitus (p<0.001), mental alteration (p<0.001), and/or $PaO_2$ <60 mmHg (p<0.001) had a tendency to have higher PSI. The prognostic factors associated with longer LOS were age >65 years (p=0.008), mental status alteration (p<0.001), dyspnea (p=0.002) and PSI score (p=0.001). The prognostic factors associated with mortality were congestive heart failure (p=0.038), systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg (p=0.002) and arterial pH <7.35 (p=0.013). Conclusion: Most of patients were found to over-utilize medical service according to appropriateness of admissions. The elderly, mentally altered patients with low $PaO_2$ had higher PSI score with increased risk of LOS. The mortality could be increased in the patient with disease state of congestive heart failure, high blood pressure, and/or acidosis.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.104-116
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• 2021

In order to reduce the social and economic costs due to the increase in dementia patients, which is a representative senile disease in an aging society, it will be important to prevent dementia and to detect and treat early in high-risk groups. This study reported the results of treatment for the elderly with high risk of dementia and depression who received Korean medicine (KM) treatment in 9 KM clinics. Medical charts were surveyed on 116 patients with high risk of dementia and depression who received KM treatment at 9 KM clinics in Gangseo-gu from September 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020. The majority of the patients were female(76.72%), the average age was 71.66±7.18 years old, and the average education level was 8.96±3.91 years. The average treatment period was 61.47±10.30 days, the average number of treatments was 15.38±1.06 times, and both acupuncture and herbal medicine were administered. After receiving KM treatment, cognitive assessment scores such as MMSE-DS and MoCA-K, depression-related GDSSF-K score, dementia knowledge, attitude, and preventive behavior, blood debilitation scale, and GQOL-D score were improved compared to before. There was no specific adverse reaction except that one patient with elevated AST and ALT levels was observed. This study showed improvement in cognitive function, depression, dementia-related scale, and quality of life in high-risk groups for dementia and depression over 60 years old who received KM treatment. More systematic and large-scale planned clinical studies will be needed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.31 no.9_10
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• pp.1384-1395
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors of hairdo attitude and hairdo involvement, the differences in the hairdo involvement by hairdo attitude. The questionnaires were given to female residents in Seoul and Kyung-gi do during September to October 2006. 406 questionnaires were used for data analysis. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 12.0 software such as factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha, ANOVA test and Duncan test. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The hairdo attitude factors were found to be 'leader's fashion conformity', 'distinct individuality', 'constancy', and 'consciousness of others' The hairdo involvement factors were found to be 'interests in hairdo', 'fashionableness', 'symbolic representation', 'risk awareness', and 'coordination of hairdo'. 2. As for the hairdo attitude, two groups were identified as the highly-oriented group and the lowly-oriented group. There were significant differences in all hairdo involvement factors depending on two groups. Highly-oriented groups of 'leader's fashion conformity' considered more about interests in hairdo, fashionableness, symbolic representation, and coordination of hairdo, except for risk awareness, signalling that the more people respond to leader's fashion, the higher they are involved with hairdo. Highly-oriented group of 'constancy' showed significant differences in fashionableness and risk awareness. Lower level of fashionableness but higher level of risk awareness than the lowly-oriented group. Highly-oriented group of 'consciousness of others' displayed high performance in all factors, implying that the more people respond to feedback and evaluation of others, the higher they are involved with hairdo.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.89-110
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• 2012

Meningococcal Disease, manifesting as meningitis and septicemia, is a life-threatening bacterial infection that results in significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in childhood. Its epidemic potential and limited opportunities for clinical intervention due to its rapid course present unique public health and clinical challenges. Incidence is highest in infants and young children, with a secondary peak of risk in adolescents. Approximately 10% of cases are fatal and survivors can be left with serious and permanent sequelae including amputations, hearing loss and cognitive impairment. Transmission is only from human-to-human, by infected respiratory tract secretions or saliva and therefore crowding poses a tremendously elevated risk for disease development. Military recruits and university students are at high risk due to the high carriage rate in adolescents, their behavior patterns and close contact. Menveo$^{(R)}$ (Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics), a novel quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine directed against meningococcal serogroups A, C, W-135 and Y, has been shown to be immunogenic and well tolerated in all age groups and was recently licensed for use in Korea. Recent cases and deaths among military recruits drew public attention to their elevated risk and the Korean government has recommended vaccination of all new military recruits. Many Korean students seek to attend school, university, or language institutes in countries where routine meningococcal vaccination is required - clinicians should be aware of such requirements to ensure that students are vaccinated prior to arrival in the destination country.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.203-210
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• 2012

Traffic accident risk of young drivers(less than 25) is reported to have 8 times as high as that of middle aged drivers(between 30 and 49). Despite the rise of traffic accident risk, few have been attempted to take a look into driving characteristics of young drivers. The purpose of this paper is to analyze age-specific risks of young driver by means of database of insurance and vehicle inspection, thereby collecting data such as age, vehicle mileage, injuries and so on. We conducted Data-Mining(CART) and Portfolio analysis according to age groups(every 10 years). The conclusions which can be drawn from this empirical study are as follows: (1) Despite the fact that young drivers have low vehicle mileage, the rate of fatality is relatively high. (2) Being concerned of vehicle mileage, 24,000km of driving experience is thought to be critical in differing in fatality rate. Having annual average mileage fewer than 24,169 km, accident frequency is relatively lower than that exceeding 24,169 km(1,571 cases). Backed upon these, some recommendations about driver's license system for young driver to improve are given.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.1015-1021
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of the study is to find the association between obesity and periodontal disease by age in adults. Methods : The subjects were 5,728 adults in the first year of the Fifth National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2010. The questionnaire included oral examinations, periodontal disease, and body mass index screenings. Chi-square test was performed to confirm the periodontal disease. Results : The impact of obesity and waist circumference on body mass index (BMI) showed high risk of periodontal diseases. The risk of periodontal disease according to BMI by age was closely related to obesity ranged form 35 to 59 yeard old. The increased waist circumference and those who were in 35 to 59 and over 60 years old had a significant association with the periodontal disease risk. Conclusions : Obesity and periodontal disease are closely related factors. Those aged from 35 to 59 are the high risk groups of potential obesity and periodontal disease. It is very important to control well-balanced nutrition and physical activity that can prevent the progression of periodontal disease.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.394-400
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• 1999

Since it has generally been considered that high-hat diets promote carcinogenesis, fat intake of less than 30% of total calories has been recommended to reduce the risk of cancer. Specific dietary guidelines for fat intake to reduce the risk of colon cancer have not yet been established. In order to determine the level of dietary fat needed the risk of colon cancer, rats were fed one of four experimental fat diets, very low(7% of total calories from corn oil, VLC), low(15% LC), medium (30%, MC), and high fat(45%, HC). Cell proliferation as an intermediate biomarker of color carcinogenesis was measured by the in vivo incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine into DNA. Fecal lipid excretion was measured by gravimetric method. As fat levels in the diet increased, fecal lipid concentrations also increased (VLC