• Architectural research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.105-112
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to establish a method for assessing a building's risk against disaster, tentatively named the Korean integrated disaster evaluation simulator (K-IDES). Based on previous studies, FEMA's risk management series and FEMA IRVS are selected as case studies for developing a frame work of K-IDES, through the comparative analysis of domestic building design guides, codes, and special acts related to disasters, in order to develop a risk assessment methodology for quantitative results. The assessment method consists of a classification system and calculating risk, and a simulation applying the developed checklist in K-IDES to similar types of high-rise buildings will be conducted to validate its accuracy. The final goal is to systemize an integrated risk management in a high-rise building against disasters for the purpose of recognizing vulnerable areas from the beginning of the design process and reinforcing it from potential threats after construction.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.430-439
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine risk factors for sexual behaviors in Korean female high school students. Methods: Data was collected by a written questionnaire from June 22 to July 18, 2002 from 522 girls, who were stratified samples from a target population of 63,375 11th grade students from 200 regular high schools and 70 vocational high schools in Seoul, Korea. We conducted multiple regression analysis using the SAS pc＋ program. Results: Risk factors for intimate behaviors were association with boy friends, differential association, family attachment, and family abuse experience. These variables cause 68% of intimate behaviors. Risk factors for sexual experiences were differential association, association with boy friend, and family attachment. These variables cause 14% of sexual experiences. Conclusion: Efforts to reduce sexual behaviors in girls should include the possible role of peers and develop peer leader programs.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.203-206
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• 2017

The seroprevalence of human toxoplasmosis has been increasing in Korea, and it is controversial whether cats are an important infection source or not. This study was performed to evaluate the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in a high risk group (cat sitters) and to determine the possible importance of cats as an infection source in Korea. Risk factors, including the age, sex, and diet of cat sitters, their contact experience and contact frequency with stray cats, and origin, number, and outdoor activity of their pet cats, were analyzed using structured questionnaires. A total of 673 serum samples from people who have frequent contact with cats (high risk group) and 1,114 samples from general people (low risk group) were examined for specific IgG antibodies against T. gondii by ELISA. The results revealed that the overall seroprevalence of T. gondii infection was 7.4% (n=1,787). The seroprevalence among low risk group was 8.0% (89/1,114), whereas that among high risk group was rather lower 6.4% (43/673), though this difference was statistically not significant (P=0.211). Among the risk factors, only the outdoor activity of pet cats was important; people having cats with outdoor activities revealed 2 times higher seroprevalence than people having cats with only indoor activities (P=0.027). In conclusion, the seroprevalence of T. gondii was not significantly different between the high risk group and low risk group, and the importance of cats as a source of infection in Korea is questionable.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.275-288
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• 2023

Based on the crucial role of high-speed railway bridges (HSRBs) in the safety of high-speed railway operations, it is an important approach to mitigate earthquake hazards by proceeding with seismic risk assessments in their whole life. Bridge seismic risk assessment, which usually evaluates the seismic performance of bridges from a probabilistic perspective, provides technical support for bridge risk management. The seismic performance of bridges is greatly affected by the degradation of material properties, therefore, material damage plays a nonnegligible role in the seismic risk assessment of the bridge. The effect of material damage is not considered in most current studies on seismic risk analysis of bridges, nevertheless. To fill the gap in this area, in this paper, a nonlinear dynamic time-history analysis has been carried out by establishing OpenSees finite element model, and a seismic vulnerability analysis is carried out based on the incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) method. On this basis, combined with the site risk analysis, the time-dependent seismic risk analysis of an offshore three-span HSRB in the whole life cycle has been conducted. The results showed that the seismic risk probabilities of both components and system of the bridge increase with the service time, and their seismic risk probabilities increase significantly in the last service period due to the degradation of the material strength, which demonstrates that the impact of durability damage should be considered when evaluating the seismic performance of bridges in the design and service period.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.505-513
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• 2023

Hydrogen infrastructure is expanding. High-capacity hydrogen refueling stations offer advantages because they can refuel a variety of light and heavy-duty vehicles, and multi-port refueling technology is developing to reduce charging time for heavy-duty vehicles. In this study, we suggest directions to lower the risk by analyzing the risk factors for each process involved in the installation of a high-capacity multi-port hydrogen refueling station in Changwon city. We conducted both qualitative and quantitative risk assessments of the equipment to evaluate the station. A hazard and operability study was performed for qualitative risk assessment, and PHAST/SAFETI were used for quantitative risk assessment. Quantitative risk assessment was used to calculate the consequence analysis of the facility to ensure secure design prior to station development and to predict individual and societal risks in various scenarios. As a result, the station's risk level was determined to be as low as reasonably practicable.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.3-12
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• 1996

Objects : This study was attempted to evaluate the body image and the self concept in high risk adolescents for eating disorders. Methods 589 middle school students were investigated with EAT(Eating Attitude Test) and BITE(Bulimic Investigatory Test Edinburgh) and Schematic Figures(Child/Adolescent Version) and Piers-Harris Self-Concept Scale. According to the score of EAT and BITE, three high risk groups(high EAT group, high BITE group, high EAT & BITE group) were identified. Three groups were examined in terms of sex, weight, self concept and body image. Each group was EAT group, BITE group, EAT & BITE group Results: The results of the study were as follows : 1) EAT & BITE group showed greatest body image distortion. 2) BITE group and EAT & BITE group showed lower score in self concept scale. 3) The majority of EAT group were boys, BITE group and EAT & BITE group were mostly girls. 4) All three high risk groups, especially Bin group, revealed overweight compared with normal control group. Conclusions : High BITE group and high EAT & BITE group could be considered as significantly high risk groups for eating disorders, showing overweight, severe body image distortion, and poor self concept. EAT score alone seemed not to discriminate high risk adolescents for eating disorders.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.618-624
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• 2008

The purposes of this study were to explore the perceived risk of smart clothing, to classify consumers by risk perception of smart clothing, and to investigate the differences among the segmented groups in regard to the evaluation of newness and innovativeness of smart clothing. In addition, the relationship among perceived risk, evaluation of newness and innovativeness of smart clothing were examined. A questionnaire was administered to 338 male and female subjects aged from 17 to 50. Analysis was performed by factor analysis, cluster analysis, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation analysis. The results showed that the perceived risk of smart clothing was composed of 4 factors: economic risk, social risk, functional risk and physical risk. Consumers were classified into four groups: high risk perception group, low economic risk perception group, low functional risk perception group, and low social risk perception group. ANOVA showed that there were significant differences among four groups regard to the evaluation of newness and innovativeness of smart clothing. High risk perception group most highly evaluated the newness and innovativeness of smart clothing. There were positive correlation among the perceived risks, the evaluation of the newness and innovativeness of smart clothing.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.383-389
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• 2003

Objective : Studies have suggested that beer is associated with a high risk of mortality and morbidity. The purpose of this study was to investigate how types of alcoholic beverage are related to high risk acute harm. Methods : Data from the 1997 Korea's Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey, collected through telephone questionings, were analyzed based on multi-stage stratified random sampling(N=1,045). Among those who had drunk at least one type of alcoholic beverage in the last month, one episode where the drinker had consumed the highest level of ethanol was selected, and the alcohol consumption per drinking day categorized into four risk levels of short-term, 'acute' harm, according to the WHO guidelines. Employing ordered logistic regression analyses, as the explanatory variables, types of alcoholic beverage, with and without socioeconomic characteristics, were considered. Results : Spirits and soju were more than ten and three times, respectively, more likely than beer, while makkolli and wine were almost as likely as beer, to involve high risk drinking, irrespective of controlling for the socioeconomic characteristics. Conclusions : Unlike most Western countries, in Korea, beer, rather than spirits or soju, is generally less likely to be associated with high risk drinking for acute harm, The influence of beverage types on high risk drinking for acute harm appears to vary between countries.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.73-78
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• 2017

In this study, the risk level of architectural works was calculated by applying work period and number of input workers based on accidents records from 2012 to 2014 and the architectural works were divided into four groups(High-High, High-Low, Low-High, Low-Low) according to risk levels of fatal accidents and loss time accidents. And then questionnaire on the job stress level of workers was performed for 670 workers working in the architectural work using Korean Occupational Stress Questionnaire Form developed by KOSHA. And then the relationship between the risk level and job stress level of four groups was analyzed. Results showed that 1) risk levels of fatal and loss time accidents applied by work period and input workers were analyzed to be different with those of previous research based on the number of fatal and loss time accidents; 2) job stress level of workers has been analyzed to have a significant relationship with the risk level of fatal and loss time accident; 3) specially, the average of job stress level of 'HH(High-High)' group was higher than those of other groups; 4) among the subfactors of job stress, interpersonal conflict, job insecurity, organizational system and lack of reward were analyzed to be key factors to affect the risk level.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.2 s.66
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• pp.14-22
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• 2006

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to find the prevalences and risk factors of the metabolic syndrome according to Sasang constitution. Methods : The medical records of 364 subjects who had taken health examinations and diagnosis of Sasang constitution from January to June of 2003 at a health examination center of a hospital in Seoul were reviewed. The prevalences and the risk factors of the metabolic syndrome according to Sasang constitution were compared and analyzed. Results : 1) Among the 364 subjects, 88 (24.2%) were Soeumin, 101 (27.7%) were Soyangin, and 175 (48.1%) were Taeumin. 2) The prevalences of high WC, high TG, low HDL-c, high BP and high FBS of Taeumin were significantly higher than those of the other constitutions (p-value < 0.05). 3) The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome of Taeumin, Soyangin, and Soeumin were 46.3%, 16.8% and 9.1% respectively. The rates were significantly different according to Sasang constitution (p-value < 0.001). 4) Taeumin had higher risk of high WC than Soeumin (adjusted OR : 3.83, 95% CI : 1.19-12.29) and higher risk of high FBS than Soeumin (adjusted OR: 5.93,95% CI : 1.11-31.77). 5) Taeumin had higher risk of the metabolic syndrome than Soeumin (adjusted OR : 3.40, 95% CI : 1.25-9.23). Conclusions : There were significant differences in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome according to Sasang constitution. Sasang constitution was identified as an independent risk factor of metabolic syndrome.