• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.81-88
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• 2017

Objectives: This study was a review of the literature published on the efficacy of Rehmanniae Radix to obtain information to provide both a foundation for its clinical use and directions for future studies. Methods: This study selected 30 publications registered to databases or published in Korea by March 13, 2017, by searching electronic journal databases, i.e., NDSL, OASIS, RISS, and KISS, in order to review the efficacy of Rehmanniae Radix. The search was conducted using the keywords '生地黃', '鮮地黃', 'Rehmannia Glutinosa', and 'Rehmanniae Radix', and the search results were compiled and analyzed. Results: The selected publications included antioxidant effects (12 publications), data involving blood glucose reduction (4 publications), effects on the autonomic nervous system (3 publications), and effects on the human body (11 publications). Conclusion:The results of this literature review indicate that Rehmanniae Radix is effective in treating patients with various inflammatory and metabolic diseases, such as high blood pressure and diabetes. Based on these results, we believe that Rehmanniae Radix can be used effectively to treat patients with such diseases.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.683-690
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• 2015

Two basic FFT(Fast Fourier Transform) algorithms are the DIT(Decimation-In-Time) and the DIF (Decimation-In-Frequency). In spite of the advantage of the DIT algorithm is to generate a sequential output, various structures have not been made. In this paper, a new DIT Radix-4 FFT butterfly structure are proposed and implemented using Verilog coding. Through synthesis, it is shown that the 64-point FFT is implemented by 6.78 million gates. Since the proposed FFT structure has the advantage of a sequential output, it can be used in OFDM communication SoC(System on a Chip) which need a high speed FFT output.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.342-351
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• 2015

In this study, we performed quantitative determination of the three marker compounds such as gallic acid, ellagic acid, and quercetin in the 70% ethanol extracts of non-processed Sanguisorbae Radix and processed Sanguisorbae Radix using a high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detector. The analytical column for separation of the three compounds was used a Gemini $C_{18}$ column ($5{\mu}m$, $4.6{\times}250mm$) by the gradient elution with distilled water and acetonitrile containing 1.0% (v/v) acetic acid as mobile phase. The flow rate and injection volume were $1.0{\mu}L/min$ and $10{\mu}L$. The concentrations of gallic acid, ellagic acid, and quercetin in non-processed Sanguisorbae Radix were 0.25, 0.26, and 0.007%, respectively, while the concentrations of gallic acid, ellagic acid, and quercetin in non-processed Sanguisorbae Radix 0.14-0.55, 0.27-2.03, and 0.001-0.007%, respectively. Among the three components, the amount of the ellagic acid was increased after processing in Sanguisorbae Radix.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.62 no.2
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• pp.129-135
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• 2019

Salvia miltiorrhiza Radix is cultivated in Korea and China and is traditionally used to treat cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we developed and validated a quantitative analysis method for S. miltiorrhiza Radix using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Identification was performed using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. For quantitative analysis, we used seven marker compounds. Separation conditions for HPLC were optimized using an ODS column with gradient conditions of 1% formic acid in distilled water and 1% formic acid in acetonitrile, with a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min and a detection wavelength of 280 nm. This method showed good linearity ($R^2=0.9998$), precision (relative standard deviation ${\leq}3.3%$), accuracy (recovery of 94.16-102.89%), limit of detection ($7.53{\mu}g/mL$), and limit of quantification ($23.71{\mu}g/mL$). This approach successfully quantified marker compounds in S. miltiorrhiza Radix. The individual marker compounds were identified by comparing the molecular masses and retention times with does standard compounds. Marker compound contents of S. miltiorrhiza Radix were investigated with different cultivation regions. Seven marker compounds were detected and quantified in all samples. Among them, salvianolic acid B showed the highest contents and it ranged from 4.13 to 7.15%. The salvianolic acid B content (7.15%) of marker compound was the highest in Bonghwa, and the tanshinone IIA content (1.90%) was the highest in Pohang. The results of marker compounds and developed method were intended to provide a favorable reference for the study of S. miltiorrhiza Radix from different regions of Korea.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.652-659
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• 2018

In this study, baicalin, as a marker substance of Scutellariae Radix, was quantitatively analyzed by a high performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector (HPLC-DAD). We identified wogonoside, baicalein, and wogonin in the Scutellariae Radix by a high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometer (HPLC-ESI-MS). The baicalin was separated on a Xterra C18 column ($5{\mu}m$, $4.6{\times}250mm$) using mobile phase consisting of 38% acetonitrile in 0.68% phosphoric acid. The baicalin spectrum in the Scutellariae Radix extracts was coincided by comparing with UV-visible spectrum (200-550 nm) of baicalin standard in the library. The amount of baicalin in Scutellariae Radix was 10.46%, which is higher than KFDA's guideline. The marker substances of Scutellariae Radix showed a strong base peak $[M]^+$ in the positive detection mode following as; baicalin (m/z; $271[MH^+-sugar]^+$, $447[M+H]^+$), wogonoside (m/z; $285[MH^+-sugar]^+$, $461[M+H]^+$), baicalein (m/z; $271\;[M+H]^+$), wogonin (m/z; $285[M+H]^+$). These results are consistent with the fragment pattern and molecular weight of standard components from literature.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.37-48
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the frequently used herbal materials among herbal prescription for vascular dementia. Methods : Every article relevant to vascular dementia was initially obtained from a Korean database and PubMed. Keywords searched were 'vascular dementia', 'herbal medicine' and 'human'. Results : Clinical study, which vascular dementia were treated with herbal medicine, were 12. Among these 12 articles, 6 were case study, 1 was Controlled Clinical Trial and 5 were Ramdomized Controlled Trial (RCT). High frequently used herbal materials were Ginseng Radix (9 times), Cnidii Rhizoma (8 times), Glycyrrhizae Radix, Citri Pericarpium, Astragali Radix and Angelicae Gigantis Radix (6 times). Conclusions : We could know frequent-used herbal medicine for vascular dementia. To be aware of the frequently used herbal medicine for vascular dementia can be helpful in adding herbal materials to prescription in a clinical treatment and development of new drugs.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.135-157
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• 2001

In the result of investigating traditional chinese medical literatures to understand definite immunopharmacologic effects of drugs for clearing away heat and detoxicating such as Sophorae tonkinensis Radix, Houttuyniae Herba, Smilacis glabrae Rhizoma, Belamcandae Rhizoma, Lasiosphaera seu Calvatia, Paridis Rhizoma, Lobeliae chinensis Herba, we could reach conclusions as follows: 1. Sophorae tonkinensis Radix, Houttuyniae Herba can increase voracity of leukocytes and activities of T cells. 2. Sophorae tonkinensis Radix, Smilacis glabrae Rhizoma can inhibit DTH. 3. Sophorae tonkinensis Radix, Houttuyniae Herba increase activities of B cells in low density but decrease activities of B cells in high density. 4. Sophorae tonkinensis Radix, Houttuyniae Herba, Smilacis glabrae Rhizoma, Belamcandae Rhizoma have anti-inflammatory effects. Studies about drugs for clearing away heat and detoxicating is on. but their range is wide and their effects are numerous. Therefore. we think that more deep and wide researches about them shoud be accomplished.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.121-140
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• 2010

Objectives & Methods : The purpose of this study is to observe the effects of Bupleuri Radix Herbal-acupuncture at GB34(Yangneungcheon) of hyperlipidemic rats. The author performed several items to analyze body-weight of the rats, weight of its liver, serum as well as urine changes in each group. Results : 1. Bupleuri Radix herbal-acupuncture(BR-HA) infused solution (MCR-HAS) increased both DPPH radical scavenging activity and HMG-CoA reductase inhibition rate in rat liver cells. 2. BR-HA at GB34 significantly decreased the level of serum total cholesterol and atherogenic index(AI), while significantly increased the ratios of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)/total cholesterol and phospholipid/total cholesterol in hyperlipidemic rats. 3. BR-HA at GB34 significantly decreased urine glucose in hyperlipidemic rats. Conclusions : From the results above, it is suggested that Bupleuri Radix herbal -acupuncture at GB34 has a therapeutic effect on hyperlipidemia.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.570-576
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• 2004

In this paper, we design the IFFT/FFT (Inverse fast Fourier Transform/Fast Fourier Transform) modules for IEEE 802.11a-1999, which is a standard of the High-speed Wireless LAN using the OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing). The designed IFFT/FFT is the 64-point FFT to be compatible with IEEE 802.11a and the pipelined architecture which needs neither serial-to-parallel nor parallel-to-serial converter. We compare four types of IFFT/FFT modules for the hardware complexity and operation : R22SDF (Radix-2 Single-path Delay feedback), the R2SDF (Radix-2 Single-path Delay feedback), R2SDF (Radix-4 Single-path Delay Feedback), and R4SDC (Radix-4 Single-path Delay Commutator). In order to minimize the error, we design the IFFT/FFT module to operate with additional decimal parts after butterfly operation. In case of the R22SDF, the IFFT/FFT module has 44,747 gate counts excluding RAMs and the minimized error rate as compared with other types. And we know that the R22SDF has a small hardware structure as compared with other types.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.289-294
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• 2004

A high performance liquid chromatographic method was designed for the quantitative analysis of oxymatrine in Sophora Radix. The separation of oxymatrine was performed by reversed-phase chromatography with a $C_{18}$ column and a buffered aqueous solution containing acetonitrile, and monitored by UV absorption at 215 nm. Extraction of oxymatrine in Sophora Radix was carried out using various solvents and extraction methods. The optimum extraction efficiency for the crushed Sophora Radix was achieved by reflux at $80^{\circ}C$ in 50% ethanol for five hours. Most extraction methods used to complicate pretreatments. In this study, sublimation was employed for a extraction method without going through complicate pretreatments. Sublimation was carried out under high vacuum ($1{\times}10^{-3}$ torr) and at high temperature ($200^{\circ}C$). Extraction efficiency using Sublimation was found to be inferior to other extraction methods.