• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.149-158
• /
• 2013

The objective of this study was to investigate the antioxidative capacity of ethanol extracts from Sanguisorbae officinalis L. root (Sanguisorbae radix) in vitro. The concentration of Sanguisorbae radix extract at which DPPH radical scavenging activity was inhibited by 50% was 0.33 mg/mL, which was similar to $IC_{50}$ of ${\alpha}$-tocopherol (0.40 mg/mL), as compared to 100% by pyrogallol as a reference. Total antioxidant status was examined by total antioxidant capacity against ABTS radical reactions. Total antioxidant capacities of Sanguisorbae radix extract were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of ${\alpha}$-tocopherol. Superoxide scavenging activities of Sanguisorbae radix extract were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of catechin. Oxygen radical absorbance capacities of Sanguisorbae radix extract were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of ascorbic acid. Cupric reducing antioxidant capacities of Sanguisorbae radix extract were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of ${\alpha}$-tocopherol. Sanguisorbae radix extract prevented supercoiled DNA strand breakage induced by hydroxyl radical and peroxyl radical. Total phenolic contents of Sanguisorbae radix extract at concentrations of 0.5 and 5 mg/mL were 0.50 and 3.33 mM gallic acid equivalents, respectively. Sanguisorbae radix extract at concentration of 0.01, 0.1 and 0.5 mg/mL inhibited 0.2 mM tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced cytotoxicity by 33.8, 79.1 and 96.9%, respectively, in HepG2 cell culture system. Thus, strong antioxidant and cytotoxicity-ihnibiting effects of Sanguisorbae radix extract seem to be due to, at least in part, the prevention from free radicals-induced oxidation as well as high levels in total phenolic contents.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.51-58
• /
• 2005

Objectives : The purpose of this research was physiological activities and investigate cytotoxicity of Sunbanghwalmyung-um extract. Methods : Physiological activity and a cytotoxicity were examined through the hot water and ethanol extracts from Sunbanghwalmyung-um and its ingredient. Results : The electron donating ability(EDA) was 66.9%, 71.3% in 1000 ppm water extract and ethanol extract. Above 90% from 1000 ppm ethanol extract showed a higher activities and it is Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Lonicerae Flos, Gleditsiae Spina, Glycyrrhizae Radix, Myrrh. SOD-like activity was weak as 12.24%, 16.62% in 700 ppm. In water and ethanol extracts cytotoxicity were against G361, B16F10, MDA, A549, high cytotoxity over 70%. Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Gleditsiae Spina, Trichosanthis Radix, Paeoniae Radix Rubra showed high cytotoxicity in water and ethanol extracts. Conclusions : We observed physiological activities and investigated cytotoxicity of Sunbanghwalmyung-um and its ingredients. The results also demonstrated in food or cosmetic industry.

• Journal of IKEEE
• /
• v.3 no.2 s.5
• /
• pp.276-284
• /
• 1999

In this paper, we propose a new technique which allows to store the pre-scaling constants directly in a table thus eliminating the cycle for computing pre-scaling constants. Especially we analyzed the range of pre-scalingconstants and rearranged them in a carry-save form using two look-up tables so that the size of the tables can be reduced significantly. The resulting scheme is compared with the previously developed method and shown to be effective with respect to area and time to implement the high-radix divider.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.147-154
• /
• 2006

In this paper, we propose and present implementation results of a high-speed turbo decoding algorithm. The latency caused by (de) interleaving and iterative decoding in a conventional maximum a posteriori(MAP) turbo decoder can be dramatically reduced with the proposed design. The source of the latency reduction is come from the combination of the radix-4, dual-path processing, parallel decoding, and rearly-stop algorithms. This reduced latency enables the use of the turbo decoder as a forward error correction scheme in real-time wireless communication services. The proposed scheme results in a slight degradation in bit-error rate(BER) performance for large block sizes because the effective interleaver size in a radix-4 implementation is reduced to half, relative to the conventional method. Fixed on the parameters of N=212, iteration=3, 8-states, 3 iterations, and QPSK modulation scheme, we designed the adaptive high-speed turbo decoder using the Xilinx chip (VIRTEX2P (XC2VP30-5FG676)) with the speed of 17.78 Mb/s. From the results, we confirmed that the decoding speed of the proposed decoder is faster than conventional algorithms by 8 times.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.160-165
• /
• 2012

Osteoporotic fracture became a serious social problem, which related with mortality and morbidity in old age population. Osteoclast which is responsible for bone resorption is originated from hematopoietic cell line and plays a key role osteoporotic bone loss. Cynanchum wilfordii (Asclepiadaceae) roots have been used in Korean folk medicine for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and aging progression. Also, recent studies have shown that the extract and fractions of Cynanchi Wilfordii Radix have various pharmacological actions including scavenging free radicals, enhancing immunity, reducing high serum cholesterol, and anti-tumor activity. However, the effect of extract of Cynanchi Wilfordii Radix in osteoclast differentiation had not been reported. Thus, we evaluated the effect of Cynanchi Wilfordii Radix on receptor activator of nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation. Through our study, we found that Cynanchi Wilfordii Radix significantly inhibited osteoclast differentiation induced by RANKL. Cynanchi Wilfordii Radix suppressed the activation of p38 pathway and $NF{\kappa}B$ in bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) treated with RANKL. Also, Cynanchi Wilfordii Radix significantly inhibited the mRNA expression of c-Fos, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), osteoclast-associated receptor (OSCAR), nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT)c1 and cathepsin K in BMMs treated with RANKL. Particularly, Cynanchi Wilfordii Radix inhibited the protein expression of c-fos and NFATc1. Taken together, our results demonstrated that Cynanchi Wilfordii Radix may be useful treatment option of bone-related disease such as osteoporosis leads to fracture of bone and rheumatoid arthritis.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.7-12
• /
• 2014

Objectives: The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix hot aqueous extract on nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) production and on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free-radical scavenging in macrophages. Methods: Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix (300 g) was heated at $100^{\circ}C$ with distilled water (2 L) for 4 hours. The extract was filtered and concentrated to 100 mL by using a rotary evaporator, was frozen at $-80^{\circ}C$, and was then freeze-dried by using a freezing-drying system. The RAW 264.7 macrophage was subcultured by using $10-{\mu}g/mL$ lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In order to evaluate cytotoxicity, we performed 3-(4,5-dimrthylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays and measured the cell viability. The NO production was measured by using Griess assays, and the $PGE_2$ production was measured by using enzyme immunoassays. The antioxidant activity, the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free-radical scavenging capability, was measured by using the DPPH method. Results: Cell viability with the 1-, 5-, 25-, 125- and $625-{\mu}g/mL$ Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix hot aqueous extract was not significantly decreased compared to the cell viability without the extract. When 125 and $625{\mu}g/mL$ of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix hot aqueous extract were used, nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages was significantly inhibited compared to that in the control group. When 25, 125, and $625{\mu}g/mL$ of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix hot aqueous extract were used, $PGE_2$ production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages was significantly inhibited compared to that in the control group. The 125- and $625-{\mu}g/mL$ Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix hot aqueous extracts had high DPPH free-radical scavenging capabilities in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Conclusion: This study indicates that Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix hot aqueous extract suppresses NO and $PGE_2$ production and improves DPPH free-radical scavenging capability. Thus, it seems that Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix hot aqueous extract may have an anti-inflammation effect and antioxidant activity.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.165-177
• /
• 2007

Objectives : This study anus to investigate the effects of Rosa Rugosae Radix (RU) herbal acupuncture on the metabolic syndrome in high-fat diet-fed mice. Methods : The experimental groups were fed with high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks to induce metabolic syndrome. During the induction of metabolic syndrome, RU herbal acupuncture at a dosage of 50 mg/kg was carried out on the point of Sinsu(BL23) every day to measure the body weight, feed efficiency, blood glucose levels, insulin resistance index, lipid levels, blood pressure, and weight of liver and adipose tissues (brown adipose tissue from interscapular fat and white adipose tissue from epididymal fat). And after five weeks' induction of metabolic syndrome, RU herbal acupuncture was also performed for 6 weeks to measure the body weight and blood glucose levels. Results: 1. RU herbal acupuncture inhibited increasing body weight and blood glucose levels, with improved insulin resistance. 2. RU herbal acupuncture inhibited increasing levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and free fatty acid, while increased HDL-cholesterol levels. 3. RU herbal acupuncture activated anti-hypertensive action. 4. RU herbal acupuncture inhibited increasing weight of white adipose tissues, but not in brown adipose tissues and liver. 5. RU herbal acupuncture lowered blood glucose levels and inhibited increasing body weight in metabolic syndrome-induced ICR mice. Conclusion : Rosa Rugosae Radix (RU) herbal acupuncture showed effectiveeness in prevention and management of metabolic syndrome in clinical application.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.171-177
• /
• 2008

Objectives: This study presents a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography- pulsed amperometric detection(RP-HPLC-PAD) method for the determination of puerarin and daidzin in Puerariae Radix extract and Chinese medicinal preparations. Methods: Chromatographic separation was performed using a 10% acetonitrile with a reversed-phase column(Unison UK-C18, $100mm{\times}2.0mm$ I.D.; $3{\mu}m$). The analyses were detected by pulsed amperometric detector(PAD) in alkaline conditions by combining with post-column NaOH solution. Geniposide was used as an internal standard. Results: The limit of detection(S/N=3) and the limit of quantification(S/N=10) were 0.025 ng, 0.075 ng for puerarin, and 0.05 ng, 0.15 ng for daidzin, respectively. The intra- and inter-day precisions(RSDs) were less than 6.5% and average recoveries of puerarin were 99.7-101.3% and those of daidzin were 101.0-102.8%. Conclusions: According to above results, we developed a determination method for puerarin and daidzin in Puerariae Radix with high sensitivity and selectivitely.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.145-151
• /
• 2009

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) has been focused on as 4th generation communication method for realization of Ubiquitous Network in land mobile communications services, and has been a standard technology of Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) for a High Date Rate communication. And in maritime data communication using high frequency (HF) band, 32-point FFT OFDM system is recommended by International Telecommunication Union (ITU). Maritime communication should be kept on connecting when maritime accident or the maritime disaster happen. Therefore, main device FFT should be operated with low power consumption. In this paper we propose a low power 32-point FFT algorithm using radix-2 and radix-4 for low power operation. The proposed algorithm was designed using VHSIC hardware description language (VHDL), and it was confirmed that the output value of Spartan-3 field-programmable gate array (FPGA) board corresponded to the output value calculated using Matlab. The proposed 32-point FFT algorithm will be useful as a leading technology in a HF maritime data communication.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.495-500
• /
• 2005

To compare the efficacy of Stephaniae Tetrandrae Rhizoma and Sinomenii Caulis which are medicinal plants used as Bang Kee(防己), the plants were combined with Astragali Radix and Lycopii Herba into 6 different medicinal decoctions. The specimen decoctions prepared were each decoctions of Stephaniae Tetrandrae Rhizoma(St), Sinomenii Caulis(Si), Stephaniae Tetrandrae Rhizoma-Astragali Radix(StA), Stephaniae Tetrandrae Rhizoma-Lycopii Herba(StL), Sinomenii Caulis-Astragali Radix(SiA) and Sinomenii Caulis-Lycopii Herba(SiL). They were dosed to rats with induced hyperlipidemia. In the groups of rats with hyperlipidemia induced by high cholesterol diet, in the group which St was dosed to, there was no significant effect on the level of Tc, TG, HDLc. And in the group which Si was dosed to, the level of Tc, TG dropped and that of HDLc rose. In the groups of rats with hyperlipidemia induced by high cholesterol diet, in the group which StA was dosed to, there was no significant change in the level of Tc, TG, or HDLc. But in the group which SiA was dosed to, the level of Tc and TG dropped and that of HDLc rose. In the groups of rats with hyperlipidemia induced by high cholesterol diet, in the group which StL was dosed to, the level of TG dropped, but there was no significant change in the level of Tc or HDLc. And in the SiL group, there was no significant change in the level of Tc or TG, but the level of HDLc rose. On diseases such as hyperlipidemia, when using drug couple of Bang Kee-Astragali Radix as a treatment, Sinomenii Caulis is recommended rather than Stephaniae Tetrandrae Rhizoma, and when using drug couple of Bang Kee-Lycopii Herba as a treatment, Sinomenii Caulis and Stephaniae Tetrandrae Rhizoma neither showed significant effect. And as Lycopii Herba interrupts the effect of Sinomenii Caulis, drug couple of Sinomenii Caulis-Lycopii Herba is not recommended.