• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.817-825
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• 2022

A recent benchmarking effort, under the auspices of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA), has been made to evaluate the current state of modeling and simulation tools available to model fluoride salt-cooled high temperature reactors (FHRs). The FHR benchmarking effort considered in this work consists of several cases evaluating the neutronic parameters of a 2D prismatic FHR fuel assembly model using the participants' choice of simulation tools. Benchmark participants blindly submitted results for comparison with overall good agreement, except for some which significantly differed on cases utilizing a molybdenum-bearing control rod. Participants utilizing more recently updated explicit isotopic cross sections had consistent results, whereas those using elemental molybdenum cross sections observed reactivity differences on the order of thousands of pcm relative to their peers. Through a series of supporting tests, the authors attribute the differences as being nuclear data driven from using older legacy elemental molybdenum cross sections. Quantitative analysis is conducted on the control rod to identify spectral, reaction rate, and cross section phenomena responsible for the observed differences. Results confirm the observed differences are attributable to the use of elemental cross sections which overestimate the reaction rates in strong resonance channels.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.75-84
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• 2023

The accumulation of spent carbide (YG8), not only pollutes the environment but also causes waste of tungsten, cobalt and other rare metal resources. To better address this issue, we proposed a combined electrochemical separation process of low-temperature aqueous solution and high-temperature molten salt for tungsten and cobalt. H₂WO₄ was obtained from spent carbide in an aqueous solution, and we calcined it to obtain WO₃, which was used as a raw material to obtain tungsten by using molten salt electrodeposition. The influence of the current efficiency and the electrochemical behavior of the discharge precipitation of W(VI) were also studied. The calcination results showed that the morphology of WO₃ was regular and there were no other impurities. The maximum current efficiency of 82.91% was achieved in a series of electrodeposition experiments. According to XRD and SEM analysis, the recovered product was high purity tungsten, which belongs to the simple cubic crystal system. In the W(VI) reduction mechanism experiments, the electrochemical process of W(VI) in NaCl-Na₂WO₄-WO₃ molten salt was investigated using linear scanning voltammetry (LSV) and chronoamperometry in a three-electrode system. The LSV showed that W(VI) was reduced at the cathode in two steps and the electrode reaction was controlled by diffusion. The fitting results of chronoamperometry showed that the nucleation mechanism of W(VI) was an instantaneous nucleation mode, and the diffusion coefficient was 7.379×10^-10 cm²·s^-1.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.93-103
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• 1996

The effects of salt and temperature on changes of K value, IMP, free amino acids and histamine concentration in Makerel muscle during storage were examined. The content of salt was 0, 3, 5 and 10% and storage temperature was at 0, 8, 16 and 2$0^{\circ}C$. 1. Content of IMP was 607.3mg% In raw material and as storage temperature was decreased and as salt content was increased, the rate of decrease in IMP was slow. 2. K value of raw material was 14% and rapidly increased as temperature increased and salt content decreased. 3. The time required to reach at 50% in K value was 13.6-16.6 days at $0^{\circ}C$ and 1.4-3.3 days at 2$0^{\circ}C$ in 0-10% salt content. 4. Except taurine and histidine, the contents of all free amino acids were slowly increased during storage at $0^{\circ}C$ and in high salt content but at 2$0^{\circ}C$ and in 0% salt they were more rapidly increased. The contents of Ala., Glu., Val.., Leu., Lys., and NH$_3$ were rapidly increased than the contents of Phe., Gly. and Ile. 5. Taurine and histidine were rapidly decreased at high temperature and in 0% salt during storage. 6. The storage condition which produced more than 100mg% in histamine was 3 days at 16$^{\circ}C$(180mg%) and 2$0^{\circ}C$(443.5mg%) in 0% salt and was 10days (163.1mg) at 16$^{\circ}C$ in 3% salt.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.166-169
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• 2008

This study deals about the development of fusible core with low melting temperature by addition of ceramic particles. A new concept of salt core was introduced to produce an integrated casting part having a complicated inner shape or requiring under-cut in high pressure die casting or squeeze casting process. The mechanical properties of fusible core were improved due to the addition of ceramic particles which helped to produce fine microstructure. The new technology for the preparation of new fusible core materials which possess high compression strength was established. Addition of ceramics particles increased the mechanical properties of fusible core materials. There was an increasing relationship between percentage of ceramic particles and mechanical strength was existed up to 60%.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 1999.05a
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• pp.96-96
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• 1999

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 2017

Effect of salt concentration (10, 20 and 30%, respectively) and fermentation temperature (10 and $20^{\circ}C$, respectively) on changes in quality index (VBN, Histamine, Amino nitrogen, Total viable cell counts, Coliform bacteria and E. coli counts) of culinary salted and fermented anchovy during fermentation were investigated to suggestion of fundamental documents for industrial objectives. Our results show that the effect of salt concentration on changes in quality index was not high compared with fermentation temperature in salted and fermented anchovy with below 20% of salt concentration however effect of salt concentration and fermentation temperature on quality index was not significant with 30% salt concentration. And all most whole changes of quality index were rapidly increased or decreased for 30 days of fermentation.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.355-362
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• 2017

Fermentation temperature (10 and $20^{\circ}C$) and salt concentration (10, 20, and 30%) on volatile basic nitrogen (VBN), histamine, amino nitrogen, total viable cell counts, coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli counts as the quality index in salted shrimp were investigated during fermentation. Results show that the effect of salt concentration on changes in quality index was not high compared with fermentation temperature (10 and $20^{\circ}C$) in salted shrimp treated with 10% and 20% salt concentration. However, effect of salt concentration and fermentation temperature on the quality index was not significant with 30% salt concentration. And all most whole changes of quality index were rapidly increased or decreased for 30 days of fermentation.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.1649-1653
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• 2007

High temperature stresses have caused growth inhibition and delayed heading in highland cultivation Chinese cabbage during summer in Korea. We have studied high temperature stress responses in the terms of changes of inorganic components and proteins by proteomic analyses. Insufficiencies of nitrogen and phosphorus have affected growth rate and calcium deficiency has caused blunted heading. Proteins extracted from Brassica seedling grown at the altitude of 600m and 900m in the Mount Jilun were extracted and analysed by 2-dimentional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Profiles of protein expression was then analyzed by 2-dimentional gel analyses. Protein spots showing different expression level were picked using the spot handling workstation and subjected to MALDI-TOF MS. Total 48 protein spots were analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS and 30 proteins spots out of 48 were identified by peptide mass fingerprinting analyses. Fourteen proteins were up-regulated in extracts from the altitude of 900m and they were identified as oxygen-evolving proteins, rubisco activase and ATPase etc. Sixteen proteins were up-regulated in extracts from the altitude of 600m and they were identified as glutathione S-transferase(1, 28kD cold induced- and 24 kD auxin-binding proteins) and salt-stress induced protein etc. These stress-induced proteins were related to the mediated protective mechanism against oxidative damage during various stresses. The results indicated that physiological phenomenon in response to high temperature stresses might be resulted by complex and multiple array of responses with drought, heat, oxidative, salt, and cold by high temperature.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 1980

The germination character and the salt tolerance of seeds collected in a salt reclaimed area were studied. Twenty species of seeds out of 30 species collected were germinated under natural or continuous light conditions but only 16 species under dark condition. Germination percentage of seeds under dark was more decreased than those under other two conditions and speed of germination was accelerated at high temperature. It is clear that almost all the wild weeds were the light germinated seeds. The higher concentration of NaCl for germination inhibited to make the lower percentage and rate of germination. The germination curves of seeds treated with NaCl solution were classified into 3 different curves; a steeper, a parabola and intermediate. The critical concentrations of NaCl for germination were 2.3% for Brassica napus, 1.8% for Echinochloa hispidula, 1.5% for Setaria lutescens, 1.3% for Aster koraiensis, 0.7% for Bromus japonicus and 0.6% for Glyceria acutiflora.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.206-209
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• 2001

One of the approaches to obtain functional polymer is polymerization of a monomer having two functional groups. Although polymerization of a monomer having two different types of functional group is general, the author has been interested in the polymerization of a monomer having two similar types of functional group. This work shows the preparation and selective polymerization of 4-methylene-2-styryl-1,3-dioxolane having two similar reactive double bonds via cationic polymerization at ambient temperature. Cationic ring-opening polymerization of 4-methylene-2-styryl-1,3-dioxolane using benzylsulfonium salt as a photo-initiator quantitatively afforded high molecular weight of poly(keto-ether).