• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.121-139
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• 2005

The case, Papera Traders Co. Ltd. and Others v. Hyundai Merchant Marine Co. Ltd and Another(The Eurasian Dream), was occurred on July, 1998 when the ISM Code became mandatory under SOLAS and from that date it applied to oil tankers, chemical tankers, gas carriers, bulk carriers and cargo high-speed craft of 500 gross tonnage and above. On July 23, 1998, a fire started on the deck of pure car carrier Eurasian Dream while in port at Sharjah. The source of fuel was the stevedores action of pouring petrol or transferring fuel in some way - refueling or pouring into a carburettor. The fire eventually destroyed or damaged the vessels cargo of new and second-hand vehicles and rendered the vessel itself a constructive total loss. Justice Cresswell held that the fire that destroyed or damaged the cargo was due to the unseaworthiness of the vessel they have the burden of proving that the vessel was unseaworthy before and at the beginning of the voyage and that the loss or damage was caused by that unseaworthiness. This case was a dispute between dependent and claimant alleging that the carrier should provide "properly man, equip and supply the ship and keep the ship so manned" under Hague-Visby Rules. Although ISM code was not officially applied to the carriage by car carriers until July 2002, a rule based on the code had customarily been employed as a mean for international dispute resolution. Examining the above case closely, the purpose of this study is to explore the relation of ship management and obligation to exercise due diligence in making the vessel seaworthy.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.1330-1337
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• 2016

A visualization test of the fuel-coolant interaction in the Test for Real cOrium Interaction with water (TROI) test facility was carried out. To experimentally simulate the In-Vessel corium Retention (IVR)- External Reactor Vessel Cooling (ERVC) conditions, prototypic corium was released directly into the coolant water without a free fall in a gas phase before making contact with the coolant. Corium (34.39 kg) consisting of uranium oxide and zirconium oxide with a weight ratio of 8:2 was superheated, and 22.54 kg of the 34.39 kg corium was passed through water contained in a transparent interaction vessel. An image of the corium jet behavior in the coolant was taken by a high-speed camera every millisecond. Thermocouple junctions installed in the vertical direction of the coolant were cut sequentially by the falling corium jet. It was clearly observed that the visualization image of the corium jet taken during the fuel-coolant interaction corresponded with the temperature variations in the direction of the falling melt. The corium penetrated through the coolant, and the jet leading edge velocity was 2.0 m/s. Debris smaller than 1 mm was 15% of the total weight of the debris collected after a fuel-coolant interaction test, and the mass median diameter was 2.9 mm.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.576-584
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• 2022

기존 해상 교통안전을 위한 기반 정보는 AIS 시스템을 사용하여 왔으나, IMO의 e-Navigation 도입이 제기된 이후 LTE 통신을 활용한 초고속 해상무선통신시스템(LTE-Maritime, LTE-M)이 세계 최초로 대한민국에 구축되었다. 본 논문에서는 AIS와 LTE-Maritime을 사용하여 수집된 항적 데이터를 비교 분석하고, 두 가지 종류의 항적 데이터를 기반으로 해상 안전사고 예방에 활용될 수 있는 항적 예측을 수행하였다. AIS 대비 LTE-Maritime의 데이터 수집 간격이 조밀하고 균일하여 항적 예측 오차가 작은 것을 확인하였다. LTE-Maritime에서 수집된 데이터의 경우 데이터 송·수신 시간 간격은 AIS 대비 항적 예측 오차에 대한 영향이 약 17% 적은 것을 발견하였다. 본 연구는 AIS와 LTE-Maritime의 항적 데이터와 그 활용을 정량적으로 비교한 최초의 연구라는 점에서 의미가 있다.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.180-185
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• 2014

Due to the larger and high-speed vessels recently constructed, output and speed of the engines for propulsion or power generation is increasing. These high-power and high-speed engine of the ship is becoming as a major contributor causing excessive noise and vibration. Other fittings as well as equipment installed on board, it makes equipment failure or other defect by resonance. This causes a lot of M/H(Man Hour) for repairs and the reliability of the company is invading even be negative because the clients give much comment. Thus, it's being studied for any fittings installed on board to maintain the safe operation and to prevent any problem during the performance in any operating conditions. In this study, it was investigated to solve these problems for the supports of the various fittings for easy installation-related support that each type of intensity and shape and manufacturing method using structural analysis program(DNV Nauticus Hull 3D Beam). Namely, it would be applied to the very large crude carriers in consideration of mechanics of materials of the support equipment by providing the fact that dynamics analysis of the structural characteristics of the equipment and the support of the production installation is easy and productivity can be high standards for geometry and thereby to simplify the analysis task to design changes at the same time and to minimize the reinforcement for the supports.

• 한국표면공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국표면공학회 2011년도 춘계학술대회 및 Fine pattern PCB 표면 처리 기술 워크샵
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• pp.196-197
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• 2011

Rudder, one of the most important component in the marine vessel, is now being decreased life time to serve due to cavitation erosion, vortex current, high flow speed suffer from ship speed going up dramatically. In this study, 10 kinds of thermal spray coating materials(2 of Zn alloy series, 3 of Al alloy series, 3 of Cu alloy series, 2 of STS alloy series) are chosen to apply on specimens and analyze micro structure, metallic composition, properties(porosity, oxidation) by using visual observation, XRD, EDX etc.. Additionally, to refine the characteristic of corrosion endurance for thermal spray coating layer, compared with thermal spray process and 5 kinds of heavy duty painting and AC paint (Anti-Corrosion Paint). Based on above mentioned experimental results, a priority of all coated specimens on corrosion-erosion endurances finalized and summarized there by desirable composition and process of thermal sprayed material properly.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2005년도 제31회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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• pp.110-119
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• 2005

The combustion characteristics of binary component single droplets hanging at the tip of a quartz fiber are studied experimentally at different environmental pressures and temperatures under normal gravity. Normal Heptane and Normal Hexadecane are selected as two fuels with high difference in boiling temperatures. A falling electrical furnace in a high pressure vessel has provided high temperature environment. Nitrogen and air have formed the environment to study evaporation and combustion, respectively. The initial diameter of droplet was ranging from 1.1 to 1.3 mm. The evaporation and combustion processes were recorded by a high speed digital camera. Some characteristics of droplet burning under different environment conditions and different droplet composition have been investigated. Microexplosion of droplet take places under atmospheric pressure. Bubble formation and its consequent result, incomplete droplet disintegration which presents in all binary compositions, do not appear at high pressure. The initiation of combustion, always takes place in the bottom of droplet due to buoyancy effect of relatively cold fuel vapor. Also, the burning of binary droplet produces soot when the pressure is high.

• 대기
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.357-372
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• 2016

Northeast Asian regions have recently become the main source of anthropogenic and natural aerosols. Measurement of aerosols on the sea in these regions have been rarely conducted since the experimental campaigns such as ACE-ASIA (Asian Pacific Regional Aerosol Characterization Experiment) in 2001. Research vessel observations of aerosol mass and chemical composition were performed on the Yellow and south sea around the Korean peninsula. The ship measurements showed six representative cases such as aerosol event and non-event cases during the study periods. On non-event cases, the anthropogenic chemical and natural soil composition on the Yellow sea were greater than those on the south sea. On aerosol event cases such as haze, haze with dust, and dust, the measured mass concentrations of anthropogenic chemical and element compositions were clearly changed by the events. In particular, methanesulfonate ($MSA^-$, $CH_3SO_3^-$), a main component of natural oceanic aerosol important for sulfur circulation on Earth, was first observed by the vessel in Korea, and its concentration on the Yellow sea was three times that on the south sea during the study period. Sea salt concentration important to chemical composition on the sea is related to wind speed. Coefficients of determination ($R^2$) between wind speed and sea salt concentration were 0.68 in $PM_{10}$ and 0.82 in $PM_{2.5}$. Maximum wave height was not found to be correlated to the sea salt concentration. When sea-salt comes into contact with pollutants, the total sea-salt mass is reduced, i.e., a loss of $Cl^-$ concentration from NaCl, the main chemical composing sea salt, is estimated by reaction with $HNO_3$(gas) and $H_2SO_4$(gas). The $Cl^-$ concentration loss by $SO_4^{2-}$ and $NO_3^-$ more easily increased for $PM_{10}$ compared to $PM_{2.5}$. The results of this study will be applied to verifying a dust-haze forecasting model. In addition, continued vessel measurements of aerosol data will become important to research for climate change studies in the future.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.42-53
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• 2002

본 논문에서는 황해의 자연 환경과 물류환경에 대한 조사를 바탕으로, 황해권의 해상수송시스템에 적합한 황해형 고속 여객선에 대하여 선형설계를 수행하였으며, 그에 대한 수치계산과 실험을 통하여 저항 성능을 파악하고자 하였다. 황해형 고속 여객선이 인천국제공항의 부족한 육상교통수송수단의 대안으로서 활용되는 것이 적합하다고 판단되었으며, 인천국제공항으로의 해상운송대책을 제시하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여, 계획항로에 대한 경제성의 평가를 수행하였으며, 황해형 고속 여객선의 선형으로는 쌍동선에 대하여 연구하였다. 설계는 기존 고속선 들의 주요제원 및 항로와 수심, 황해권 물류환경 등의 설계 제조건들을 고려하여 수행되었으며, 공기 공동에 의한 저항감소 효과도 검토되었다. 실험에 앞서 수치계산을 수행하여 설계선형의 저항성능을 검토하였으며, 계산 및 실험은 심해조건 뿐만 아니라 운항항로의 얕은 수심을 고려하여 천수조건에 대하여도 수행되었다. 이와 같은 일련의 선형설계와 수치계산 및 실험으로부터 저항성능을 고려한 황해형 고속선형의 설계능력을 확보하였으며, 앞으로의 황해권 해상수송시스템 구축을 위한 활용가능성을 검토하였다.

• 한국가시화정보학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.48-53
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• 2010

Water-uptake through roots, is an essential process of the water flow in plants. Its visualization is very useful for understanding sap flow dynamics at whole plant level. In this study, the tips of Arabidopsis' root hairs were excised and exposed to repeated dehydration and rehydration processes. The water-refilling through individual xylem vessels was visualized using the synchrotron X-ray micro-imaging technique. The high temporal resolution ($2\;{\mu}m$) and beam intensity of the X-ray source allowed to acquisition of consecutive X-ray images of the water-refilling process up to 10 frames/sec. Various flow patterns were observed and the ascending speed of the water-air interfaces was analyzed. The relation between the water-rising height and ascending speed was also analyzed. The present results would provide better alternative for investigating sap flows in roots.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제25권12호
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• pp.815-821
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• 2015

Maritime safety has been more critical recently due to the occurrence of shipboard accidents involving prime movers. As such, the propulsion shafting design and construction plays a vital role in the safe operation of the vessel other than focusing on being cost-efficient. Smaller vessels propulsion shafting system normally install high speed four-stroke diesel engine with reduction gear for propulsion efficiency. Due to higher cylinder combustion pressures, flexible couplings are employed to reduce the increased vibratory torque. In this paper, an actual vibration measurement and theoretical analysis was carried out on a propulsion shafting with V18.3L engine installed on small car-ferry and revealed higher torsional vibration. Hence, a rubber-block type flexible coupling was installed to attenuate the transmitted vibratory torque. Considering the flexible coupling application factor, reduction gear stability due to torque variation was analyzed in accordance with IACS(International Association of Classification Societies) M56 and the results are presented herein.