• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.105-113
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• 2007

It is necessary that current oral health education should be not only focused on grade schoolers, but provided for even junior and senior high schools on regular basis in favor of higher level of knowledge about dental health and the habituation of oral health promotion behaviors. So this study took total 288 respondents as sample from Grade 3 of 'C' high school(Suncheon city, Jeonnam) to examine their experiences in oral health education, their awareness of needs for oral health education and their demands for oral health education in the interest of providing basic materials for effective oral health education. 1. As the result of researching health awareness, 13.9% respondents answered that they didn't have good total body health, while 33.3% respondents felt that they didn't have good oral health. That is, more respondents felt that their oral health is not good, rather than total body health is. 2. For daily toothbrushing frequency, it was found that most respondents(62.6%) brushed their teeth 3 times a day, And for toothbrushing methods, it was found that 35.5% used manual toothbrushing(up-and-down toothbrushing movement) and 30.0% used semi-automatic toothbrushing(rotational movement). On the other hand, majority(89.4%) of respondents conducted tongue brushing, but only 10.8% benefited from dental examination on regular basis. 3. 28.1% respondents had experiences in oral health education. Out of them, 69.3% felt moderate satisfaction at the education. Majority(91.2%) of respondents were instructed once in oral health education, and 82.7% respondents were instructed in the oral health via practices(toothbrushing guidance). 77.8% respondents were instructed in the oral health at dental clinics. 4. As the result of surveying demands related to oral health education, 92.3% respondents answered that they need regular oral health education, and 82.9% respondents answered that they need oral health technicians in school. And 87.8% respondents needed individual oral health education for the benefit of better oral health.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.175-183
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• 2010

Purpose: This study investigated the impact of ametropia and myopia on health-related quality of life (QoL) measures in elementary schoolers. Methods: Elementary school children of 92 aged 12 to 13 were divided into emmetropia and myopia groups by spherical equivalent. Then myopia was classified into the low, moderate and high myopia groups. Vision-related QoL scores were determined using PedsQL 4.0 (Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory) with physical health (8 items), emotional functioning (4 items), social functioning (5 items) and school functioning (5 items). Results: The total QoL score in the myopia group appeared lower than that in the emmetropia group, however the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). When it comes to physical health (running or exercising) and social functioning (getting along with friends or being teased)-related questions, the QoL score in myopia was low compared with the emmetropia group (p<0.05). High myopia showed a low score in physical health items but there was no significant difference in overall QoL scores in comparison with other groups (p<0.05). Conclusions: Refractive errors does not have a great impact on the total health-related QoL in elementary school children but it causes discomfort in physical health and social functioning.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.317-327
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to examine the knowledge of dental hygiene students on smoking and their state of smoking in an attempt to assist dental hygienists to develop good anti-smoking education programs, as dental hygienists should play a critical role in conducting an anti-smoking campaign and education. The subjects in this study were dental hygiene students in six different colleges located in Seoul and Gyeonggi province. After a survey was conducted from April to June, 2007, the answer sheets from 1,322 students were gathered and analyzed. The findings of the study were as follows: 1. As for the reality of smoking, 82.7% were nonsmokers, and 12.2% had been smokers in the past, 5.1% were smokers, which accounted for 5%. Regarding when they started smoking, 47.1% and 35.3% started it in middle school and high school days respectively. So 80% or more began smoking as middle and high schoolers. As to a daily amount of smoking, 36.8% smoked five or less cigarettes, and 22.1% smoked six to 10 cigarettes, 14.7 % smoked 11 to 15 cigarettes. Concerning motivation of smoking, 51.5% did it out of curiosity, and 26.6% intended to get rid of stress. Among the smokers, 80.9% had ever tried to quit smoking, and as for the reason, 51.0 % wanted not to develop a disease in the future, and 25.0% weren't in good health. In regard to what made them fail to give up smoking, 49.0% answered they were increasingly stressed out, and 24.0 % were tempted by others. 2. As to the impact of smoking on the body and illness, the largest group believed it affected unborn babies, and the second largest group was aware of the harmfulness of secondhand smoking. The third largest group thought it exercised an influence on the lung and respiratory ailments, and the fourth largest group believed it was detrimental to health. The fifth greatest group thought tar was harmful to the body. They didn't know well about whether smoking deteriorated the sense of taste, but were well cognizant of the harmfulness of smoking. 3, Their knowledge on the impact of smoking on the body and diseases was evaluated by academic year and in consideration of whether they were smokers or not. And the largest number of them knew the best about smoking's impact on unborn babies and the harmfulness of secondhand smoking, regardless of academic year and whether they were smokers or not. They weren't well aware of its impact on weakening the sense of taste.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.69-84
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• 2004

This study was conducted to identify actual dental care status, levels of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors about dental health, and dental health conditions in elementary students; and examine the relationships between the levels of knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and dental health conditions for 427 students in their sixth grades from six elementary schools in Pusan area from November 1st to December 5th, 2002. The data was collected through a structured study questionnaire and through dental checkups by dentists and was analyzed into frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, one-way ANOVA and Pearson's correlation analysis using SPSS program. The main results of this study were summarized as follows： 1) The levels of knowledge, attitudes, behaviors about dental health was found to be high as mean score 18.75 points (64.7％) in knowledge, 17.86 points (59.5％) in attitudes, and 31.64 points (67.3％) in behaviors. Therefore they were found to care a lot about their dental health. The indices of dental health conditions were found to be low as mean score 0.87 pieces (3.1％) of treated teeth, 1.27 pieces (4.5％) of teeth to be treated, 7.64％ of the DMFT rate and 0.43 points (7.2％) of the simplified oral hygiene index. Therefore their condition of dental health was found to be very clean. 2) The relationships among the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors about dental health showed a weak level of positive correlations. Among the conditions of dental health, treated teeth and the DMFT rate showed a moderate level of positive correlation； and treated teeth and the simplified oral hygiene index showed weak level of positive correlation. 3) The condition of dental health of the subjects of this study was found to be good and dental care was properly done when there was participation of parents and school health educators in dental care. It tells us that dental education is required not only for children but also for their parents. As there were significant correlations between knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors about children's dental heath, school health educators should encourage students to have continuous dental care habits for lifelong dental health with repetitive education, rather than to deliver simple knowledge to students during dental health education.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.5020-5028
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of awareness of oral health on oral health status and oral health behavior with subjects of students in the middle school which is the important period when lifetime set of teeth is completed with eruption of the second molar tooth and complete set of permanent teeth, and provide the basic data for development of oral health program for adolescents. We examined oral condition and conducted the survey about students' awareness of oral health and behavior in the middle school located in JeonJu. As the results of oral examination, dental caries and malocclusion were higher in female students and periodontal disease was higher in male students (p < 0.038). There was no significant difference in awareness of oral health between male and female students. However, M = 4.08 out of 5 point scale, which was high. For oral health behaviors, female students (M = 4.508) was higher than male students (M = 4.257) in the question of 'I visit the dental office when my gums are bleeding'. Female students (M = 4.547) was higher than male students (M = 4.333) in the question of 'I use the dental floss after brushing my teeth'(p<0.05). Awareness of oral health gave the significant effect on the oral health behavior at 95 % confidence level. Therefore, the education for oral health behavior is required to improve oral health and studies are needed to present the development of program for awareness and knowledge of oral health affecting behavior.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.196-206
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to identify Korean adolescents' sexual harassment conditions and patterns in schools as well as their psychological reactions when they are under sexual harassments or they committed sexual harassments. The subjects were 475 middle and high schoolers in Pusan and Gyeong Sang Nam-Do. The survey was executed from July 1 through Dec. 31, 2000. The collected data was analyzed by SPSS WIN 8.0 using percentage, mean. The results of this study were as follows: 1. the linguistic sexual harassment such as 'lewd jokes or dirty talks' was the major pattern(35.4%), The body touching such as 'kiss or embracing', 'internet transmission of pornography', 'sexual harassing of body characteristics', touching breast', 'grasping of hands or body touching', 'body touching in secret place', 'urging to sit in touch or on knees', 'exposing of special body areas', and 'showing pornography' followed in a row. 2. The eighteen point three percents of subjects had the experience to commit sexual harassment. The forty four point seven percent of above subjects committed it against their classmates. The first time to commit sexual harassment was their middle school period (38.4%). Their motives to commit it were as under: 'killing time'(48.8%), 'annoying', 'attracting attention from the other sex', 'expressing lovely emotions', 'urging of their friends', 'misunderstanding that the other partners felt good when they experienced sexual harassment, 'showing their strength' etc. their with committing harassments they felt as under ; 'joyful'(61.6%), 'funny,' 'desirous to try again', 'thrilling', 'breaking stress', very pleasant', 'exciting', 'regretful', 'guilty', and 'feeling fear' etc. 3. Twenty four point two percents of the population exposed to sexual harassments. The sexual harassers were almost their classmates (42.7%). And then unknown people', 'boy or girl friends and school staffs' followed in a row. The places where harassments happened were 'inside classroom'(69.8%), 'school bus and subway', 'outside school', etc. The feelings when experienced harassments were 'anger' (51.3%), 'hurting self-respect', 'embarrassing', 'rejection', 'insulting', 'shame', 'fear', 'dislike', 'anxiety', 'melancholy' etc. The reasons not to have consultations after sexual harassments were 'worrying to be well-known'(49.6%), 'believing not helpful enough', 'regarding simple mischief', 'trying to revenge directly', 'understanding their mistakes', 'worrying retaliation' etc.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.149-166
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to develop a creative problem-solving competition program in order to provide an opportunity for junior high schoolers to solve problems on the basis of technological hands-on activities by deploying their creative problem-solving skills and to foster their cooperative and challenging spirits by tackling the given problems in group. Relevant literature and competition programs were analyzed to develop a junior high school competition program for creative problem solving on the basis of technological hands-on activities. This study was implemented in three stages: preparing, developing and applying. In the preparation stage, the content structure of technology and the fields of corresponding hands-on activities were investigated, and creativity theories were analyzed. Besides, domestic and foreign creativity-related competition programs were checked. In the development stage, an overview of the nature, object, question making and evaluation of a competition program for creative problem solving on the basis of technological hands-on activities was presented, and a program was developed, which consisted of three stages: planning, operating and evaluating. In the application stage, every student in a selected junior high school participated in the competition program. The findings of the study were as follows: First, the competition program developed in this study intended to offer a chance for every junior high schooler to solve problems on the basis of technological hands-on activities to display their creative problem-solving skills. Second, the program was designed to include planning, operating and evaluation stages, after the nature and object of the competition program and in which way question making and evaluation should be fulfilled were determined. Third, the competition program dealt with five areas according to the content structure of technology: manufacturing technology, construction technology, transportation technology, communication technology and biotechnology. And questions for each area and student worksheets were developed. Fourth, the program was utilized in a junior high school to give an example.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.9-23
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• 2013

'Entrepreneurship' spread like fashion, then it was a term that is no stranger to the youth. Entrepreneurship education for young people is being activated. Recently conducted many educational institutions, as well 'Bizcool' entrepreneurship education. Performance will be clear that the purpose of education and, where appropriate, external training. Currently operating business through 'Bizcool' homepage, 'Bizcool' budget is concentrated in high school. Entrepreneurship education are made aware of the need to equip the correct career awareness is spreading. Preliminary founder, as well as for students. Students will be more structured training support. And many more will be supported by the budget. Therefore, the present study is to analyze the impact of entrepreneurship education career awareness satisfaction. And try to give elementary school students, middle school students, high school students due to the difference in effective entrepreneurship education and ways to activate. The first result, entrepreneurship education training information satisfaction has a significant impact on the career awareness. Satisfaction of the second result, entrepreneurship education teaching methods have a significant impact on the career awareness. The third result, operating the way entrepreneurship education has a significant impact on the recognition of the career satisfaction. The difference between the fourth result, depending on the satisfaction of the entrepreneurship education, career awareness, depending on the level of education does not represent. This study, the results of entrepreneurship education has a positive impact on the career recognition. And have a positive 'Bizcool' education could help implication. However, did not differ according to the difference in student career awareness. So I think it would need more concrete preparation. Also want to provide entrepreneurship education opportunities to students based on the results of this study a little more evenly. Career awareness for students through entrepreneurship education from an early age who would establish the correct values. And students will have a huge impact on the development of the society. The purpose of this study was a survey of students who participated in the 2012 'Bizcool Camp'. This study derives meaningful results. But will need to be interpreted with caution. Some students are first surveyed who participated in the 2012 'Bizcool Camp'. Therefore, there is a limit to generalize the findings. Second, junior high school students surveyed rate is low. So there are limits to students representing the difference. Third, most survey respondents per participant. Therefore, the study subjects, as there is a limit. This study, the impact of career awareness, youth entrepreneurship education satisfaction were analyzed by student differences. The results of this study, more study will be needed for students.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.131-143
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• 2001

The primary aim of this dissertation is to contribute to the improvement of methods in physical examination by providing quality information for the current school system and advice for improving status. Present status, controversial points and possible remedies in physical examination were analyzed on a frequency and percentage basis. An $x^2$-test was used to verify the statistics between the results from the examination and each variable. In case of multiple categories of variables, an $x^2$ cs was adopted. Chronological data as well as both total and sampling physical examination data verified the statistics using an $x^2$-test. This thesis is based both on the data from middle school health care specialists in Gyunggi Province and on the analysis of physical examinations reported from local schools to the municipal education agency from 1997 to 1999. The results of the study are as follows: First, according to the survey, only 29.0% of the total schools had their school doctors examine all the students while most of the educational institutions failed to implement the whole process of physical examination on the list. It also turned out that the more students the schools have, the lower the rate of implementation of physical examination by school doctors(p=0.014). Second, the average time a school doctor spends for checkup turned out to be approximately 1.7 minutes per student This means that the quality of the physical examination is not guaranteed in the process. Third, 47.7% of those surveryed say that a dental examination was performed, each taking 21.24 seconds on average. In addition, it shows that some 31.5% wanted to have a task force team for dental checkups at the local health center. Given the fact that dental caries among students is progressively on the rise, the dental health centers that are now set up in some elementary schools should be expanded to cover the whole educational institution in order to raise awareness of the importance of dental care. Fourth, 48.5% of those surveyed say that a comprehensive physical examination should be adopted to promote the health of high schoolers. Since it takes a lot of public funds to implement a comprehensive method, it is essential to make sure that in-depth studies should be based on the frequency and methods of physical examination. Fifth, regarding such diseases among 3rd year middle school students in 1999, statistics shows that there was a slight difference in the prevalence rate of color blindness, and allergic diseases for male students ; and color blindness, hearing disturbance and allergic disease for female students. For those items, however, it is too little to say that there is a significant difference and accordingly it is assumed to be a problem of the measuring process. Sixth, the result of analysis on the sample physical examination and the total physical examination of the year 1999 shows as follows: For male students in the 3rd year of middle school, a slight difference appeared to those students in 11 items including eye problems and eye disease, otitis media, tonsillar hypertrophy, spinal shape, respiratory urinary allergic disease and other abnormal diseases(p<0.05). Particularly, the prevalence rate between students with and without disease was shown to be two times more in the following: eye problems, otitis media, tonsill hypertrophy, allergic diseases, etc. For female students in the 3rd year, prevalence rate showed little difference in 14 items(p<0.05). For items including eye problem, otitis media, tonsill hypertrophy, allergic disease, etc. it was shown that the rate was two times more between students with and without diseases. Physical examinations under the current school system are not producing any fundamental results for the health of the students. Methods and results are not trustworthy. Accordingly, a drastic overhaul of the current practices is needed in frequency, methods and items on the list in order to promote the health of the students. Cost-benefit studies as well as political considerations to ensure the development of efficient methods for physical examination are urgently needed at this moment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.300-308
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the night eating habits of middle schoolers. A total of 705 middle school students residing in Gyeonggi were surveyed about their dietary habits related to night eating. Among the total subjects, 59.9% (n=422) had night eating more than once a week and were classified into a night eating group (NEG). The main reason for night eating was hunger (79.1% of NEG) and the highest proportion of night eating was related to food purchased by family (39.3% of NEG). Most of the NEG had night eating in their home with family members, and the time with highest frequency of night eating was between 10 p.m. and 11 p.m.. About 33% of the NEG went to bed within an hour after night eating and 69.2% of the NEG did not report any change after night eating. The most common factors considered when choosing a night eating menu, in order of frequency, were taste, hygiene, and amount. The favorite items on the night eating menu were frozen desserts, fresh fruits, chicken, fruit juice, Ramen, pizza, and Jajangmyeon. The most frequent menu choices were fresh fruits, frozen desserts, Ramen, chicken, yogurt, and fruit juice. The NEG had higher scores for picky eating (P<0.01), overeating (P<0.01), salty eating (P<0.01), and irregular meal times (P<0.001) compared to the non-NEG. Consequently, the NEG had more dietary problems than the non-NEG and their night eating behaviors were related to family habits. Night eating was mainly dominated by a diet of carbohydrates and fats, and the intake frequency and preference for foods with low nutritional value were high; thus, a practical and systematical nutrition education is required. Seasonal and comparative studies on night eating status according to various times and amounts of night eating are also required.